Angel field newbie - newcomers must see
Coffee culture
Coffee as a representative of fashion and delicious, favored by countless beauties, but drinking coffee if not time instead of the coffee beauty of the body will cause harm.
Coffee contains caffeine, after entering the body will prompt the sympathetic nerve excitement, thus eliminating drowsiness, improve blood circulation, the body also feels warm, do not feel fatigue, so there is a "refreshing" effect. However, when the sympathetic nerves are stimulated and excited, it has a negative effect on the appetite, which means that the appetite will be reduced, so drinking coffee before a meal will make you not want to eat. In addition, due to the stimulation of the stomach and increased secretion of gastric juice, stimulating the empty stomach, gastric ulcers and other patients are not favorable. This can be considered a negative effect of coffee. Drinking it after a meal, however, helps digestion because the secretion of gastric juices increases. Therefore, there is absolutely no problem with drinking it after a meal. In addition, some people think that drinking it with a little bit of milk can moderate its stimulating effect, but how much can a small amount of milk neutralize the effect of caffeine, unless it is half milk and half coffee to make coffee milk or coffee with milk, which may have some effect. For example, if you drink coffee milk at breakfast, since there is more milk than coffee, it still has a moderating effect on the gastric juices even though it is consumed with an empty stomach. Ideally, you should drink it after you have eaten, and it will be beneficial but not harmful. One of the benefits is the prevention of allergic attacks. Since allergies are caused by parasympathetic excitation and asthma or allergic rhinitis, if sympathetic excitation can be induced and parasympathetic inhibition can help prevent attacks. Especially for severe allergy sufferers, some slight triggers can cause discomfort, coupled with the psychological fear of allergies, often uncontrollable. Therefore, it is recommended to take advantage of the strength of caffeine, and drink a cup of coffee beforehand when allergies and asthma are about to attack (the patient can feel it himself), which is quite effective in preventing them. In addition to the euphoric effect of caffeine, the patient's psychological sense of security, "already drank coffee", but also less likely to have an attack.
Of course, the so-called "too much", and even good things, but also to "stop". Otherwise, no matter what you drink before or after meals, too much caffeine can cause palpitations (heart beating very hard), and even mental fog, walking unsteady and other side effects.
In principle, coffee to two to three cups a day is appropriate, such as drinking to four or five cups, most people that will feel nausea, so be careful. In principle, no matter what kind of stimulating beverage is not more than three cups a day.
(1) Colombia (Colombian)
---- ranks second in the world in terms of coffee production, after Brazil. Coffee beans are hand-picked and washed. The best Colombian coffee and Jamaica Blue Mountain, Costa Rica coffee, and listed as the classic varieties. It has a strong aroma, moderate acidity, rich color, and a slight taste of the wine of Philippine coffee, so it is generally easier for people to accept.
(2) Costa Rica (Costa Rican)
---- has the qualities that a coffee should have, without exception. It has a strong flavor and high acidity. A good Costa Rican coffee will give a strong flavor.
(3)Decaffeinated Colombian
----The caffeine is removed before frying the coffee beans to avoid the secretion of oil in the beans.
(4) Guatemala Antigua (Quatcmala Antigua)
---- produced in Guatemala's old capital of Antigua near the outskirts of Guatemala, so the name. Its color, aroma and acidity are heavy and special, different from other varieties of origin, and it is a good choice for those who prefer strong coffee.
(5) Kenya AA (Kenya AA)
---- produced in the Kenyan capital of Nairobi near the Kenyan mountain 17,000 feet on the slopes. Kenya AA is the largest of the country's coffee beans, followed by A and B. It has a characteristic bitter and alcoholic flavor. It is best known for its characteristic bitter and alcoholic flavor. The richness of the famous Moga, Ethiopia is also not as strong.
(6) Mocha (Mocha Djimma)
---- named after the ancient Arabian port located in the Red Sea. This variety is produced in Ethiopia, after cleaning the Mocha, for low acidity, moderate concentration, rich flavor, smooth as cream, aftertaste like chocolate.
(7) Brazil Santos (Brazil Santos)
---- Brazil is the largest coffee producer, accounting for more than 30 percent of the world, so the general coffee are crowned with the name of Brazil to show its importance. Santos is the best Brazilian coffee, grown only in S?o Paulo, with excellent color, aroma, taste and moderate acidity, making it easy for people to accept.
(8/9) Java/Sumatra (Sumatran and Java) Indonesia
---- Indonesian coffee is known for its strong flavor and high acidity. Among them, Mandheling and Ankola (Mandheling and Ankola) coffee are known as the world's finest varieties, but also the strong flavor of Mandheling Lintong, after drinking the characteristics of the teeth and cheeks and doubly respected.
(10) Indian Mysore (Indian Mysore)
---- color, aroma of mild, low acidity, strong flavor in general.
(11) Maragogipe
----Maragogipe is one of the coffee tree species, the fruit is extremely large and permeable. It has low acidity and moderate color and aroma.
(12) Hawaii Kona (Hawaii Kona)
----Hawaiian coffee in the most famous varieties, produced in the Kona Island near the Pacific Ocean low-slope area, to the concentration of moderate, slightly acidic and with a slight taste of wine, when fresh, can be volatile very fragrant odor known.
(13) Noble coffee (Noble coffee)
---- coffee varieties have a humid monsoon winds blowing for several weeks, its beans yellow, sweet, acidic taste is very small. Because the growth process triggers infinite reverie, with a special mood, so it is regarded as the most delicate varieties. In the monsoon brown, especially produced in the coast of Manapa is the best of the best.
(14) New Guinea (New Guinea)
----This product is planted in the rugged alpine area, compared with the coffee produced in Indonesia is lighter, no matter the aroma and acidity are a little less, you can choose to show the mellowness in the bland.
(15) Jamaican Blue Mountain (Jamaican Blue Mountain)
---- Jamaican Blue Mountain coffee quality is clearly distinguishable between good and bad, the best for the production of Jamaican Blue Mountain in the highland area, in recent years, doubly respected, for the coffee in the forefront of the varieties, the price is high. This variety is extremely color and aroma are impeccable, acidity can be almost perfect. The Blue Mountain coffee now available on the world market has been improved to retain the traditional color and aroma, while acidity has been reduced to suit the tastes of coffee lovers.
Italy's coffee culture
There are two things to watch out for when traveling in Italy: men and coffee. In Italy, coffee and men are actually two different things, so there is a famous saying in Italy: men should be like good coffee, both strong and full of passion! The English name for the Espresso Italian coffee, in recent years in the country has been generally known as a hobby coffee people, this thick and fragrant, the surface of a layer of golden foam floating on the pure black coffee, thick and hot as if the devil escaped from hell, every time you call a person to drink will fall into the charm of the inexpressible, unforgettable. The characteristics of Italian coffee, expressed in its English name, is a fast word; made fast no more than ten seconds, drink fast, because only two or three mouthfuls. General Italian people get up the first thing to do immediately make a cup of coffee, regardless of men and women almost from morning to night, the streets are everywhere called BAR coffee shop, selling a cup of four hundred lire or so, about Taiwan dollars more than ten dollars of coffee, for people to stand and drink a drink.
Italians drink an average of twenty cups of coffee a day, adjusted to the Italian coffee coffee beans is the world's deepest fried a kind of beans, which is in order to cooperate with the Italian-style coffee pot to instantly extract the special features of the coffee. Because a cup of Italian coffee is only fifty cc, the amount of coffee beans as long as six to eight grams will be enough, so this looks like a very strong coffee, in fact, does not hurt the stomach, and even help digestion it! There is another way to drink Italian coffee with milk, called Cappuccino, using the steam of the Italian coffee pot above 130 degrees Celsius, the first milk into a foam, and then floated on the thick black coffee. Sweet fresh milk, pure white and lovely; charming Espresso devil in its embellishment, suddenly transformed into a wonderful angel!
Turkey's coffee culture
Coffee in the ancient Middle East, like the legendary myth of the Thousand and One Nights, is a veiled thousand-faced woman, can help to get close to God, but also rinse the sorrow of the fountain.
To say coffee, can not mention the Middle East (Turkey) coffee, because whether from the Muslim or Christian position that the origin of coffee, its home is in the remote and mysterious Middle East mountains. After the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries, up to three hundred years of the role of the Muslim religious community prohibited, coffee in the sixteenth century officially introduced to Turkey, began to commercialize, and quickly spread to the European continent. This prevalent in Greece, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and other places of coffee drinking, generally customarily referred to as Turkish coffee or Arabian coffee, and still maintains the mystique of the early religious ritual words.
The traditional practice of Turkish coffee is to use roasted hot black coffee beans ground into fine powder, with sugar and cold water together into the red copper material like a deep spoon in the coffee brewer (IBRIK), slow cooking over low heat, after repeated stirring and adding water process, about twenty minutes, a small cup of fifty cc of fragrant and strong coffee is considered to be a success. As the local people drink coffee without filtering, this cup of thick coffee like soup is poured into the cup, not only on the surface of the sticky foam, but also at the bottom of the cup there is residue. In the Middle East, invited to other people's homes to drink coffee, on behalf of the host of the most sincere respect, so the guests in addition to praise the aroma of coffee, but also remember that even if you drink a mouth full of crumbs, but also can not drink water, because that implies that the coffee is not good. Arabs drink coffee, drink slowly and methodically, they even have a set of coffee Road, as in the Chinese tea ceremony, drinking coffee, not only to burn incense, but also sprinkle spices, smell incense, a wide range of coffee pots and utensils, more full of pie-in-the-sky style flavor. Add a cup of cloves, cardamom, cinnamon, the Middle East coffee, hot drink room full of fragrance, no wonder the Arabs praised it: musk general soul.
Vienna's coffee culture
Coffee is a thing that the Viennese people enjoy and are quite proud of. Viennese people even compared it with music, waltz, known as the "Vienna three treasures", visible Vienna people and coffee love affair. Some people say, Vienna is "five steps a coffee", this may be the poet's exaggerated words, but the number of Vienna cafes is a fact. From the corner of the street for people to stand and drink coffee booths, coffee shops near the University of students gathered, to the theater, the Imperial City side of the rich and luxurious cafes, at least dozens of, some of the coffee house at 6:30 in the morning that is open until 2:00 in the morning before closing. Therefore, said the "Music City" of the air is not only flowing with the rhythm of music, and filled with the fragrance of coffee, not too much.
The history of coffee drinking in Vienna can be traced back to the 17th century. At that time, in many Islamic countries, large and small cities, cafes, coffee has become an indispensable part of people's lives. But in Europe, people still do not know what it is.
In 1683, Turkey attacked Vienna for the second time, when the Austrian Emperor Obod I signed a military alliance with the Polish King Augustus II, and the Austro-Polish coalition crushed the Turkish attack. The fleeing Turkish army discarded on the battlefield around the walls of Vienna a large number of weapons, ammunition, and hundreds of large pockets containing mysterious brown pinto beans, which the victorious Viennese did not know what to do with. It so happened that a Polish spy, Kolschitzky, who had infiltrated the Turkish army, had tasted in Constantinople a strong black drink made from the roasted beans, which the Turks called "Kahve," or coffee. As a reward, the Pole was given all the coffee he had captured on the battlefield and opened the first coffeehouse in Vienna's history. To this day, many cafes claim to be the first café opened by a Pole to attract customers.
But in the beginning time, the café did not do well, and the Viennese still preferred tea. Later, the merchant changed the recipe and added milk to the coffee, which worked surprisingly well and became popular in the 1780s. People called it "Melange". To this day, coffee is still the most popular drink in Vienna, although there are many different types.
Drinking coffee has become a part of life in Vienna, where for the price of a cup of coffee one can meet friends, play chess, read a book, write a book, read a newspaper (often with newspapers from many countries), or watch TV in an inconspicuous corner in a relaxed atmosphere. Some cafes have their own type of clientele - nationals, writers or politicians - while most cafes are full of all kinds of customers. Vienna's most famous café is the Café Centrale in the city center district. Before the First World War, it was a meeting place for famous poets, playwrights, artists, musicians and diplomats. It may be an exaggeration to say that it was the cradle of many Austrian poems, plays and novels, but in those days, musical masters such as Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, and Strauss and his son, the "Dynasty of the Round Dance," were all regulars here. Today, the central café business is very prosperous, but no matter how crowded inside, guests can stay as long as they want, which is the Vienna Café century-old tradition.
There are also many high-profile cafes in Vienna, which are always associated with famous people from the past and present. The Viennese like to tell visitors which artists and writers meet regularly in which cafes, and which politicians love to meet with journalists in which cafes. Vienna coffee variety, from the clear coffee to a variety of colors with milk coffee, each with its own characteristics, suitable for different people's tastes, and all have their own names. Therefore, if you enter a Viennese café and simply say you want a cup of coffee, you will overwhelm the waiter, because there are at least 40 varieties of coffee. If you don't know much about coffee and want to experience this unique atmosphere of a Viennese café, then order the "Melange" we mentioned earlier, a strong milk coffee that is completely Viennese and has a great aftertaste. Whichever coffee you ask for, you'll be given a glass of water at the same time - for no reason other than the fact that Viennese water is exceptionally refreshing and delicious. But if the waiter brings a second glass of water, it's a sign that "you've been here too long".
The Viennese have a sweet tooth, and they like to order a cup of coffee with a delicate dessert. There are many Viennese desserts, but the favorite coffee drinker is the Gugelhupf, a Viennese egg roll with a hollowed out center.
Café with newspapers, pictures, magazines for readers to read is a major cultural feature of the Vienna Café, this feature also has a historical origin. It is said that in the coffee has not been widely accepted, many cafes in Vienna had to provide free newspapers to attract customers, because the newspaper was very expensive, the price of a newspaper than a cup of coffee twice as expensive. Of course, this hospitality role of newspapers no longer exists today, but the practice has been maintained and constitutes the cultural taste of Viennese coffee houses.
San Francisco's coffee culture
San Francisco is indeed a vacation paradise. The cultural and historical landscapes are pleasing to the eye, the restaurant cuisine is surprising, and the opulence of the great hotels is beyond imagination. It also has all the theater and sports that visitors expect from a major American city.
From the air, the city of San Francisco is as neat as a transistor radio: blocks and blocks of exquisite Victorian architecture, quadrangular parks, strips of waterfront beauty, skyscrapers beautifully decorated, reflective glass reflecting the splendor of the streetscape, and winding freeways stretching to the towering business district.
San Francisco's strongest note is the warmth of its immigrants, a heady mix of cultures: distinctive Italians, Chinese, Hispanic, Japanese, and South Asian neighborhoods dot the California landscape. It's the city that gave us the Beat Generation, the hippie revolution, the gay protests, and the yuppies. Whether you're a fan of ranting or Frank Sinatra, you're an obsessive fan of the city. Whether you're into rants or Frank Sinatra, into ballet or into skateboarding, you'll have fun here. San Francisco welcomes you as the most generous city in America and one of the greatest cities in the world.
At times, San Francisco can seem like a replica of Europe because there are so many coffee houses. San Franciscans are almost crazy about coffee, and tend to measure their lives by the spoonful. There are at least 40 ways to order coffee and about 250 coffee recipes to try. San Franciscans are accustomed to using coffeehouses as centers of community where they make friends, listen to poetry, and read alternative publications. Poetry readings and newspaper readings are essential parts of coffee culture, and specialty coffees are the essence of coffee culture. There are four types of specialty coffee: Espresso is pure black coffee, Cappuccino is black coffee with sprayed milk, Latte is hot milk with black coffee, and Mocha is hot milk with chocolate and cream. Also popular with San Franciscans are lemon juice and vanilla, which make good seasonings for coffee.
Central and Northern Europe's coffee culture
Unlike the Italians, who are as passionate as fire, or the French, who are as romantic as water, people in Central and Northern Europe drink coffee sensibly and gently, just like their ethnicity. European life and coffee, has almost become an inseparable link, in addition to Italy and France, a distinctive coffee drinking method, from Austria, Switzerland, Germany, and even a few countries in northern Europe, coffee tasting habits and tastes can be said to be similar, they y understand the middle way, completely belong to the concentration of taste. When people in Central and Northern Europe make coffee at home, they most often use simple hand-brewed filter coffee makers, as well as the common household electric coffee makers (Drip Coffee Maker) in Taiwan. Among them, the filter coffee brewing method (Paper Drip) originated in Central Europe, was invented by Mrs. MERITA, a German, at the beginning of this century, and has been widely circulated in European countries. But the business premises of the coffee, due to the need for a large number of rapid supply, or Espresso coffee machine world, only the use of coffee beans with different flavors.
Drinking coffee in the cafes of these countries, the biggest difference with Taiwan, may be that they put the coffee, sugar, milk, three items are very clear, many cafes are listed on the price list of black coffee and milk coffee with different prices, and some even include the amount of the price difference between the different factors.
Some countries in Central Europe, such as Austria and Switzerland, are famous for their confectionery, and it is only natural that the various pastries are also another outstanding performance on the coffee table. In recent years, the average coffee consumption of the people of the four Nordic countries has been among the world's top four list (more than 1,000 cups per person per year), and their love of coffee, a Bach opera in the lyrics to describe the most appropriate: such a wonderful coffee, more sweet than a thousand kisses, more intoxicating than the age of the wine!
Coffee culture in France and China
China
In China, the love of coffee is growing. The "coffee culture" that comes with it fills every moment of life. Whether at home, in the office, or at various social occasions, people are sipping coffee: it is gradually becoming associated with fashion and modern life. Coffee houses all over the world have become a place for people to talk, listen to music and relax, and coffee has gradually developed into a culture. Whether it's freshly ground coffee beans or just brewed hot coffee, the aroma is intoxicating. There are many ways to savor this intoxication: espresso, cappuccino, latte, flavored coffee; they offer a wide variety of choices for those who frequent coffee houses in Beijing, Shanghai, and other major cities in China. The Chinese are also getting into the habit of making their own coffee. There's something to be said for making a fresh cup of coffee with roasted beans and a percolator and filter paper.
Coffee is becoming more and more accepted in China as the drink with a long history becomes more widely known. According to some data, China's coffee consumption is increasing year by year, and is expected to become the world's major coffee consumer. Nowadays, Yunnan coffee produced on China's own land, with its noble quality and low price, will promote this trend, guide this fashion, and become the Chinese people's own coffee brand, so as to have China's own unique coffee culture, and this chapter will be written by us! Please have a cup of coffee too, it is the flavor of life!
France
I once heard that France once due to a shortage of coffee and less coffee, immediately see more people napping. This is an exaggeration, but the French people are addicted to coffee is true. 1991 "Gulf War" broke out, France is also one of the countries involved in the war, the domestic part of the people are worried about the war affect the supply of daily necessities, have to run to the supermarket to buy. Even the television station was shocked, when the camera was full of customers holding "scarce supplies", but found that they took the most is actually coffee and sugar. This incident once became a big joke at the time.
French people drink coffee seems to pay attention to the flavor, but the environment and mood, most of them do not want to close the door "alone", prefer to get together outside, even if the price of a small cup is enough to cook a pot at home. They are not in a hurry to drink the pull down, but slowly taste, taste, read the newspaper, talk a lot, a drink is most of the day. The French have developed this habit of drinking coffee, consciously and unconsciously expressed an elegant flavor, a romantic mood, a sense of enjoyment of life writing. It can be said that this is a traditional unique coffee culture. Because of this, France allows people to rest their feet to drink coffee places can be said to be all over the streets and alleys, roads, squares, riverbanks, cruise ships, and even the Eiffel Tower. And the form, style, size and eclectic, there are cafes, museums, halls, rooms. And the most popular, full of romantic mood, or those open-air cafes, that is almost a reflection of the life of the French. No wonder the French people focus on taste has a traditional saying, in the Seine River called for a change of a cafe may be more difficult than changing a religion! An authentic cafe, regulars not only never easily change their cafe, even the time to come to the cafe and sit on which coffee table habits are fixed. This loyal relationship is of course also reflected in the hospitality of the host, without greeting, know their regulars temperament and hobbies of the old waiter will bring his favorite kind of coffee, with a plate of special snacks, and even bring his favorite newspaper, do not have to say thank you, all of these in an authentic cafe is a matter of course.
@How to hold a coffee cup?
Coffee served at the end of a meal is usually served in a pocket-sized cup. These cups have smaller lugs that your fingers can't fit through. But even if you use a larger cup, don't put your fingers through the lugs and serve the cup. The correct way to hold a coffee cup is to pinch the handle with your thumb and forefinger before lifting the cup.
@How do I sweeten my coffee?
When adding sugar to coffee, the sugar can be scooped up with a coffee spoon and added directly to the cup; you can also use a sugar holder to hold the sugar cube on the near side of the coffee saucer, and then add the cube to the cup with a coffee spoon. If you use the sugar tongs or your hands to add the sugar cube directly to the cup, you may sometimes spill the coffee, which may stain your clothes or tablecloth.
@How to use a coffee spoon?
The coffee spoon is designed to stir the coffee and should be removed when drinking coffee. No more drinking coffee slowly, spoonful by spoonful, and no more mashing sugar cubes in the cup with a coffee spoon.
@What if the coffee is too hot?
If your freshly brewed coffee is too hot, gently stir it in your cup with a coffee spoon to cool it down, or wait for it to cool naturally before drinking it. Trying to cool the coffee with your mouth is an unseemly gesture.
@Cups and saucers?
Cups and saucers for coffee are customized. They should be placed on the front or right side of the drinker, with the lugs pointing to the right. To drink coffee, hold the lug in your right hand, gently hold the saucer in your left hand, and slowly move it towards your mouth. It is not advisable to hold the cup full, swallow it in one big gulp, or bend your head over the cup. Do not make noise when drinking coffee. Do not pick up the cup from the saucer when adding coffee.
@Drinking coffee and snacks
Sometimes you can have some snacks with your coffee, but don't hold the coffee cup in one hand and the snack in the other, alternating between one sip of coffee and one sip of snack. You should put down the snack when you drink coffee, and put down the coffee cup when you eat the snack.
『Coffee Classification』Assort Of Coffee
※Italian coffee (Espresso) -- "Espresso" originally means "fast". "Espresso Cafe" refers to the espresso that is extracted in an instant. It's quick to make and quick to drink, because it's only two or three sips. This thick and fragrant, pure black coffee with a layer of golden foam floating on the surface, thick and hot as if the devil escaped from hell, every time you drink it, you will fall into an indescribable charm, unforgettable. Because a cup of Italian coffee, there are only 50 ㏄, the amount of coffee beans as long as six to eight grams will be enough, so this seems to be very strong coffee, in fact, does not hurt the stomach, and can even help digestion it!
※ Cappuccino (Cappuccino) -- Italian coffee has a drink with milk, called Cappuccino. sweet fresh milk, pure white and lovely, charming Espresso devil in its embellishments suddenly changed into a wonderful angel. The color of the coffee at this time, just like the Cappuccino Church friars in the dark brown coat covered with a turban, coffee so named.
※ Latte coffee (Latte) - Latte coffee is actually another variation of Italian coffee, brewing steps are the same as cappuccino, but only a slight change in the ratio of coffee, milk, foam.
※ Milk foam coffee (Creme) - milk foam coffee is also a variation of Italian coffee, and cappuccino, latte is different, it does not add milk, only in the thick Espresso on the addition of thick and thick fresh milk froth, the taste can be said to be similar, y embodies the middle way, belongs to the concentration of the flavor. The flavors are the same, y embodying the middle way and belonging to the medium concentration.
※Chocolate Coffee (Chocolate Coffee) - Chocolate has always been the favorite of Europeans, especially the Swiss. When it is cold, adding chocolate to the coffee can adjust the bitter taste and supplement the heat, chocolate coffee has now become the favorite hot drink of Europeans when skiing in the mountains.