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(1528-11-12-1588-01-05) Han Chinese, famous anti-Japanese generals, national heroes, militarists and martial artists in the Ming Dynasty. His name was Yuanjing, Nantang, and Mengzhu. He was a native of Dengzhou, Shandong (present-day Penglai, Shandong). Originally from Weihui, Henan Province. Ancestral origin is said to be Dingyuan, Anhui Province, born in Jining, Shandong Province. In Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong coastal areas to fight the incoming Japanese invaders, after more than ten years, the size of more than eighty battles, and finally swept away the Japanese invaders. He was well read in his youth, and was well versed in history and the classics. In the 23rd year of Jiajing (1544), he inherited his father's position as Commander of the Dengzhou Wei Commandery Command. Thirty-four years, transferred to the Commander of the Imperial Command of Zhejiang. He was promoted to the rank of general. He guarded Ningbo, Shaoxing and Taizhou (now Linhai, Zhejiang). Thirty-six years to impeachment from the official, and then leveled Wang Zhi Gong to return to the official, changed to guard Taizhou, Jinhua, Yanzhou (now northeast of Zhejiang Jiande) three provinces. At that time, Zhejiang was plagued by Japanese, and the quality of the old army was poor. Qi Jiguang recruited peasants and miners to form a new army. Strict discipline, rewards and punishments must be believed, and equipped with excellent warships and armaments, carefully trained; he also for the southern lakes and swamps of the terrain and the characteristics of the Japanese fighting, the situation, created both offensive and defensive tactics "mandarin ducks formation", twelve people in a team, with a shield, guns, forks, palladiums, clubs, knives and other short and long weapons, according to the enemy because of the change in the formation, flexible They changed their formation according to the enemy and the location, and fought flexibly. The Qi Family Army is known as the "Qi Family Army" because of its success in every battle.
The Qi Family Army was formed in the late Ming Dynasty, and the enemies it faced were far less powerful than the Manchurian Eight Banners, and the only ones that were stronger were the Satsuma Falcons and the Mongol cavalry of the Mongols in the Japanese invasion. The Qi family army is famous for its strict military discipline, professional training level, the most advanced equipment in East Asia, the victory in a hundred battles and up to more than 100,000 levels of beheading records.
The Chijia Army was formed in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province in 1559, with a total force of 4,000, mainly composed of Yiwu peasants and miners. Since the army, the size of hundreds of battles without defeat. The more famous battles are: the battle of Taizhou in the 40th year of Jiajing, through Xinhe, Huajie, Shangfengling, Tengling, Changsha and other battles, thirteen battles and thirteen victories, killing more than 3,000 levels of the real Japanese, burned and drowned countless deaths; the battle of Fujian, with a total force of 6,000 troops, through the Hengyu, Niutian, Lindun, the three battles, killing more than 5,000 levels of the real Japanese, in which the battle of Hengyu is a wonderful coordinated battle of the foot soldiers and artillery, the first to use the cannon sinking the Japanese warships and bombarding the Japanese camp, which is a wonderful battle of the foot soldiers and artillery, first using the cannon to sink the Japanese ships and bombardment. The battle of Heng Yu was a wonderful battle of foot and artillery coordination, in which the artillery first sank the Japanese ships and bombarded the Japanese camps, and then the commando forcefully landed to break through the Japanese main line and killed the Japanese leaders. In the 42nd year of Jiajing, Pinghaiwei, Xianyou, Wangcangping, Cai Piling four battles, beheading more than 20,000 real Japanese, and in Guangdong to eliminate the collusion of the Japanese pirate Wu Ping, beheading 30,000 from the Japanese, Wu Ping fled to the sea.
In the first year of the Longqing period, Qi Jiguang and his old subordinates 3000 people transferred to the capital, supervising the battle of Jilio, and the training of 30,000 vehicles, foot and cavalry battalion. In the second year of the Longqing period, Duo Yan chief Dong Foxhuai marshaled 30,000 Mongolian iron cavalry into the invasion, Qi Jiguang to car battalion to resist, his own rate of 8,000 Singijeon riders attacked Dong Foxhuai's tent, wiped out 30,000 iron cavalry of Duo Yan, captured Dong Foxhuai's nephew Chang'ang, Dong Foxhuai was only exempted from his body, forcing Dong Foxhuai to buckle off to plead for crimes; Wanli three years, long bald marshal Woodruff's iron cavalry of 50,000 into the invasion, Qi Jiguang rate of 8,000 Singijeon riders to outlaw the siege encirclement, wiped out 50,000 Mongolian army, live. 50000 Mongolian army, captured live.
Since the Jiajing 38 years Qi Jiajia Army into the army to the Wanli 11 years Qi Jiguang went to his post, Qi Jiajia Army *** decapitation level of more than 150,000, if the full reward, Qi Jiguang's title can be raised to the level of marquis. This is a horrible performance in the Wanli period of peace and prosperity.
The fame of the Qi family army is not because of the Qi Jiguang's departure and lowered, the Qi family army as the seed of the Zheijiang soldiers has been the main force of the late Ming defense force, Wanli Korean campaign, Zheijiang first boarded the Pyongyang, made a head start, many of them are still Qi Jiguang's old subordinates, such as the attack on the Mudan Peak of the veteran Wu Weizhong, Yuan Chonghuan's Guanning Iron Cavalry was initially also made up of 20,000 Zheijiang soldiers.
The reason why the Qi family army is undefeated in a hundred battles is that Qi Jiguang's military thinking is extremely advanced, to the most advanced weapons in East Asia to equip the troops, breechloading General Shenwei cannon, Franco-German cannons, large-caliber cannons, bird cannons, Japanese swords, iron armor, the equipment of the Qi family army is absolutely the first in East Asia, the world's forefront. If you know that after thirty years, Japan's strongest Satsuma regiment had 20,000 muskets in the whole army, but only two light cannons, and the whole Japan began to have large-scale artillery only in the Edo period. The Chijia Army, as a local army, was even more advanced than the Kyoto Shinki Battalion in terms of firearms.
The victory of the Qi family army is also based on strict and even harsh military law: if the battle is not strong and defeat, the main general is killed, all the generals beheaded\; the generals are killed, all the generals are beheaded thousand generals are killed, all the generals are beheaded thousand generals are killed, all the generals are beheaded hundred generals are beheaded\; hundred generals are killed, all the generals are beheaded flag generals are beheaded\; flag generals are killed, the captains are beheaded, and captains are killed and the soldiers under them are not beheaded, all the soldiers are beheaded ten soldiers. . The reward for decapitation is also very generous, 40 taels of silver for each level! This way, every soldier will fight with all their might, until they win or die.
The discipline of the Qi family army is also known throughout the world, but where there are disturbances in the behavior of the people are decapitated, so the Qi family army no matter where the battle can get the support of the local people, even the minority groups are willing to die for it, such an army no matter which feudal dynasty is not.
It's worth noting that Qi Jiguang bought his position. It is said that he saw that China is in danger, so he paid the government to buy the official, got such a Japanese rescue officer, for the country to pay. It's a bribe to buy an official, but it's a good one. The first time I've seen this is when I'm in the middle of a fight against the Japanese.
Jiajing forty years (1561), Qi Jiguang defeated the Japanese in Taizhou, with the merit of the commanders. Forty-one years, was ordered to lead the division reinforcement of Fujian, destroyed the Japanese nest Heng Yu (today's Fujian Ningde East), Niu Tian (today's Fujian Fuqing South), up to the Xinghua (today's Fujian Putian South) and so on, into the Governor Commander. Forty-two years. He once again led the troops into Fujian, under the command of Tan Lun, governor of Fujian, and Liu Xian, Yu Dayou jointly captured Pinghai (now Putian southeast). He was promoted to the rank of general military officer, defending Fujian and the two provinces of Jinhua and Wenzhou in Zhejiang, and supervising all military affairs on land and water. In the 44th year, Yu Dayou led the navy and Qi Jiguang the land army to suppress the Japanese invaders in Guangdong at Nan'ao, thus relieving the Japanese invasion in the southeast of China. In the 45th year, he was appointed as the head of the Chiu Chow and Huizhou provinces, and was also in charge of the military affairs of the camps in Chenwei.
Longqing two years (1568), Qi Jiguang to Governor Tongzhi Prime Minister Jizhou (now Hebei Jixian), Changping, Baoding three towns to practice military affairs, and then for the General Officer, and the town of Jizhou, Yongping, the Shanhai places, and supervise and marshal twelve military military affairs, because of the repeated successes, the second year of the Wanli (1574) rose to the left Governor, seven years to add the Prince Prince of Prince, recorded the merits of the addition of the Shao Bao. Gao Gong, Zhang Juzheng and other ministers of the country rely on. Qi Jiguang in Jizhou sixteen years. He strengthened the Great Wall, built the stewing platform, reorganized the cantonment, trained the army, formulated the tactics of vehicle, foot and horsemen, and formed the defense system of wall, platform and rift valley in close contact, and repelled the invading enemies for many times, which boosted the military prestige and calmed down the Jizhou Gate. The people of the time known as "Zhen Gu's famous generals, worthy of the Great Wall of 10,000 miles".
Qi Jiguang was ostracized after the death of Zhang Juzheng. Wanli eleven years was transferred to the Guangdong military officer. Thirteen years to old and sickly, thank the post to return home, died in fifteen years, authored the "Jixing Xinshu", "practice actual record" two military masterpieces and "stop the Hall set" and so on.
* In the 23rd year of Jiajing (1544), he inherited his father's position as Commanding Commander of the Dengzhou Wei Command.
* In the fall of 1555, he was transferred to Zhejiang to fight against Japanese invasion as a general, guarding the three provinces of Ning, Shao, and Tai (present-day Linhai). In view of the lax discipline, poor quality and low combat effectiveness of the Ming army, Qi Jiguang went to Yiwu and recruited more than 3,000 peasants and miners, organized and trained them into the Qi army, which became the main force in the fight against the Japanese.
* Jiajing forty years (1561), in Taizhou, Xianju, Taozhu and other places to defeat the Japanese, nine battles. In the following year, he was deployed to aid the Fujian Province, breaking the Japanese nests of Hengyu, Niutian and Xinghua, and wiping out the main force of the Japanese in Fujian Province. He was promoted to the rank of Commander of the Imperial Household Command.
* In forty-two years, he assisted Fujian again, broke the Japanese nest Pinghaiwei (now Putian southeast), and was promoted to the rank of Commander in Chief of Fujian.
* Since then, he has been fighting in Fujian and Guangdong coastal areas, and finally lifted the Japanese invasion of the southeastern coast.
* Longqing two years (1568), the Ming court specially called Qi Jiguang Prime Minister of Jizhou, Changping, Baoding three towns to practice military affairs, the general officer below all subject to control. 16 years he reorganized the defense, strengthened the war preparations, repair the enemy platform, the establishment of martial arts, training of generals, formed a car, horseback riding, infantry, all the three are equipped with the elite troops, so that the defense is consolidated, the capital (today's Beijing) security. He was later ostracized and transferred south to defend Guangdong. And then later was falsely accused of taking office.
* January 5, 1588 died in Dengzhou.
Writings also include "The Essentials of Rongjun" and "New Book of Military Preparation". He has been regarded as a national hero for his great achievements in fighting against Japanese invaders.
The Qi Jiguang Family
The Qi Shaobao Nianzhu Jieji, compiled by Qi Jiguang's sons, is a more systematic record of Qi Jiguang's family affairs and the deeds of the Qi family in Penglai. The following, based on the book, combined with the Qing version of the Penglai County Records, Dengzhou Prefecture Records, Huang County, "Chi genealogy" and Chi Jiguang's lifelong friend Wang Daokun compiled "Mengzhu Chi Gong epitaph" and other relevant historical materials, the Chi Jiguang family affairs of the examination and conclusions.
1, Qi Jiguang ancestors and their deeds
"Genealogy" records: Qi Jiguang's ancestors, the original Spring and Autumn Wei state's doctor, fiefdom in Hedong (now belongs to the Hebei Province), food and mining in the Chi; the end of the Yuan Dynasty in order to avoid the chaos, moved his family to Dingyuan, Anhui Province, Changyi Township. Its ancestor, Qi detailed with Zhu Yuanzhang rose up and fought for more than thirty years, and later died in Yunnan, the Ming court in recognition of its founding of the country, awarded his son, Qi Bin for the Ming Wei General, hereditary Dengzhou Commanding Commander Commanding Commander. From Qi Bin, Qi family settled in Penglai. Fifth ancestor Qi Bin "enjoy the life of a hundred years, teach his son to become famous", he was in office to repair the city wall, drill the army, practice and diligence, by the subordinates and colleagues praise, is recognized as a good official. Fourth ancestor Qi Gui is not only proficient in martial arts, but also "suave and chivalrous, able to write articles, poems and fictions parallel to the Tang style", is a local celebrity. Qi Jiguang said that he was "profoundly learned, heroic and worldly, but difficult to inherit, Liu Yuan, my great-grandfather". My great-grandfather, Qi Jian, was strong and powerful from a young age. When he was a young man, he once fought a tiger alone, which was highly praised by the townspeople, but unfortunately, he died at the age of 27. Qi Jian had two sons, the eldest son Qi Xuan did not have an heir, so he succeeded his second son, Qi Ning's son Jingtong as heir, and inherited the position. He was the father of Qi Jiguang.
Grandfather Qi Ning, wife Yan, died six years after the birth of Qi Jingtong; to the son of Jingtong Gui, grant "Zhao Yong General, Commanding Commander".
Yan's widow at 24 years old, "spinning performance, nuns training son, hard times, no complaints", to the orphans to keep the festival for 63 years, painstakingly raise young children, filial piety known in the countryside; died at the age of 87 years old, "from the Zu Zhao, buried in Zhishan's sun". Later, her great-grandson Jiguang was honored with the title of "Tai Shuren". Jiajing 44 years (1565), the court in Dengzhou set up "mother and son filial piety" and "father and son Governor" Square, respectively, Yan and his son Qi Jingtong, Qi Jingtong and his son Qi Jiguang.
2, Penglai Chi's first eight lineage
According to the "genealogy" records, Penglai Chi's family lineage of the first eight as follows:
(missing)
According to the Shunzhi version of the Qing Dynasty "Dengzhou Prefecture Records", Kangxi 12 version of the "Penglai County Records", Qianlong version of the Huangxian "Chi genealogy - preamble - appendices - the Penglai Chi's ancestor of the lineage spectrum," the first eight Penglai Chi's lineage map As follows:
(missing)
3, Qi Jiguang father's situation
Qi Jingtong, the word Shixian, "endowed with perseverance and learning, can be as smart and upright as possible, through the gods, the official has guarded to filial piety and honesty, known, tasted mentioning the troops to break the Liu thieves and thieves in Qingzhou, Li Qi, etc., and repeated successes", has served as governor of the canal in the south of the Yangtze, Shandong, Shandong governor to prepare for the Japanese, Daningduji, the governor of the city of Ning. He had been the general of Jiangnan canal, the governor of Shandong to prepare for the Japanese, the seal of Daning Department, and the vice general of Shenjiying, etc. He was a clean and honest official, and his political reputation was quite good. Because of the sterility of his original wife Zhang, he married Wang, and at the age of 56, he had a son, Jiguang, and then a son, Jimei.
"Genealogy" records: Chi Jingtong has a first wife Zhang, concubine Mrs. Wang.
Mrs. Zhang "Jingzhuang Renhui, filial piety out of nature, serve the aunt as respectful, the twilight of the unremitting. Serving the great father of the towel pectus wing elegant, relative as a guest. Although a number of with the appointment, but in the clothes, hairpins and pearls of the ornaments of a storage, more Jiu Mu, small star of the wind". When Mrs. Wang died, Qi Jiguang was only ten years old, Mrs. Zhang on his "love than their own", painstakingly nurtured his growth. Zhang's death, Qi Jiguang 24 years old, has become a family. Although Zhang is not Qi Jiguang biological mother, but the influence of Qi Jiguang personality character, but no less than his biological mother Wang.
The concubine Mrs. Wang, the Department of Dengzhou Wei hundred Wang Gong's daughter, Chi Jiguang birth mother, a gift to the first lady, "endowed with dignity", and Zhang got a lot of 懽, very much respected by members of the family, died at the age of 42 years old, the year Chi Jiguang was only 10 years old.
4, Qi Jiguang siblings
"Genealogy" mentioned Qi Jiguang's brother Qi Jimei and a sister. Qi Jimei younger than Qi Jiguang 6 years old, because of his father's work, to the identity of the Zhusheng "thousand households", served as a governor, hussar generals and other posts. The Genealogy, Volume 1, Chi Jiguang was nine years old when his sister robbed him of his toys, he "waved a poisonous snake and asked for it" record, it seems that Chi Jiguang has a sister is undoubtedly, as for how many? As for how many? Feudal society, women do not enter the genealogy, "Genealogy" lack of records, no way to know.
According to the Qing version of the "Dengzhou Prefectural Records", "Penglai County", "Penglai County Records", "Huang County" Chi genealogy - Preface - Appendix - Penglai Chi's predecessor genealogy, Chi Jiguang has a younger brother, two: Jimei, Jie Ming.
Shiji genealogy "Chi Jimei" under the note said: "in the martial arts; Wolf Mountain General, rose to Guizhou General, and then lived in Qianzhong. The son lost his name; grandson Sizong, served as a general of the Santai camp, and then lost track." And "Qi Jiming" under the note: "Ziang student, to the son of Jin Gui, the General Officer, left Governor, born a son of gold."
5, Chi Jiguang spouse and children
"Genealogy" records, Chi Jiguang 13 years old betrothed, 18 years old married wife "10,000 households in Nanxi, General Wang Dung female" Wang's, after Wang's infertility, respectively, at the age of 36 years old, 37 years old, 48 years old, married to the concubine Shen's, Chen's, Yang's, successive births of Joguo, Anguo, Changguo, Bao Guo, Xing Guo five sons. He had five sons, Joguo, Anguo, Changguo, Banguo, and Xingguo. In his later years, he made a "filial piety shrine wishes" clearly said: "Now there are five sons and a nephew, the rate of the masses."
Comprehensive analysis of the Qing version of the "Penglai County Records", "Dengzhou Prefectural Records", Wang Daokun "Meng Zhuchi Chi Gong epitaph", Huang County "Chi genealogy - Preface - Appendix - Penglai Chi's ancestor genealogy" and so on, Chi Jiguang left the world before, there is a "five sons and a nephew": Josuoku, Anguo, Changguo, Baojuoku, Xingguo, Jin. Among them, Joguo, Anguo, reported for Chen's birth, Changguo Shen's birth, Xingguo Yang's birth, gold for Chi Jiguang's second brother, the son of Jiaming.
According to the Qing version of the "Penglai County Records", "Dengzhou Prefecture Records", Huang County, "Chi genealogy - Preface - Appendix - Penglai Chi's predecessor genealogy", Chi Jiguang sons and daughters are as follows: Chi Joguo: Attack "Commanding Commander Commander of the Dengzhou guards," Jinan Province, the Secretary of the Seal of the Department of Chi; Chi Anguo: Yim "Jinyiwei Commanding "died young; Chi Changguo: word civilization, in the Bwei martial arts; Yin" Jinyiwei Commander, the Governor's Office of the Governor Tongzhi"; presented "Hussar General", presented python jade pendant embroidered spring sword, had three sons: Panzong, Xianzong, Zhenzong; Chi Zhanguo: Govt. Qi Banguo: government grants, yin "Jin Yi Wei hundred households", presented "Hussar General"; Qi Xingguo: ziang student, yin "Jin Yi Wei Commanding Commander", presented "General Zhaoyong ".
According to "Mengzhu Qi Gong epitaph", "Qi General Mengzhu Gong biography", Qi Jiguang also has a son named Shouguo. The two texts are called "son", visible is the son of the shade, and the "genealogy" is not contained, may be in the case of Wang's infertility, from Wang's mother's family adopted, that is, the folk said "lacewing son". Because he and Qi have no real blood relationship, so Qi Jiguang prayed to the ancestors did not mention, as Qi Jiguang heir of the "Genealogy" editors also have enough reason to take the attitude of non-recorded him.
"Mengzhu Qi Gong epitaph", Chi Jiguang's third concubine Yang had a son named Fu Guo, "Genealogy" said Yang had a son named Xing Guo. Extrapolating from the fact that Xingguo is one of the editors of the Genealogy, it seems that it is difficult to establish the claim of auxiliary state.
Chi Jiguang children born in order, "Genealogy" as Jo, An, Chang, newspaper, Xing, and Huang County, "Chi genealogy - Preface - Appendix - Penglai, Chi's predecessor genealogy" contained the same; and Wang Daokun "Meng Zhuchi Chi Gong epitaph" as "Yin Na Chen Ji lifting Jo Guo, An Guo, reported to the country, Shen Ji lifting Chang Guo, Yang Ji lifting the State (suspected to be 'Xing Guo' error). The epitaph reads: "Chen Ji lifted the throne, An Guo, Bian Guo, Shen Ji lifted the Chang Guo, Yang Ji lifted the Fu Guo (suspected to be the mistake of 'Xing Guo').
Various sources show that Chi Jiguang nephews only one, that is, Chi Jin. According to Huang County "Chi genealogy - Preface - Appendix - Penglai Chi's ancestor genealogy": Chi Jiguang's second brother, Chi Jiming has a son named Jin, "number less pond, less from the lesser Pao Rong, repeatedly built the war by the hundreds of successive rises of guards, guerrillas, generals. Wanli early, from the General Liu Yan expedition Guanxi, the first generals boarded Goryeo city, the first merit of the classification rose to deputy general. Turned to Jiangnan Wu Song general. Resigned due to illness, returned to Dingyuan. At the end of Emperor Shenzong's reign, when he was in trouble at the border, he invited himself to go out of Guanzhou, and led his troops deep into the siege, and lost all the support north of the Hun River Bridge, and then he was trapped and died. He was awarded the title of "Tongzhi" by imperial decree, and was given a posthumous title of "Wulie" for his son. He had three sons, Yuan Gong, Yuan Fu and Yuan Bi. The world lives in Dingyuan, for the Dingyuan faction." Qing Daoguang nineteen years version of "Penglai County Records - Election" "Chi Jiming" name, there is "to the son of Jin Gui, the gift of the Generalissimo left governor" of the note.
From the information recorded in the "genealogy", Chi Jiguang original match Wang is a wise and reasonable person. At the beginning of Qi Jiguang's attack, the family's life was difficult, she once sold her own jewelry to prepare the hospitality of the guests; once bought a fish, the family ate the head and tail of the fish, and left the body of the fish to her husband. Qi Jiguang in the early days of the war against Japan in Zhejiang, Wang followed around, before the battle of Taizhou, the Japanese invaded in force, when people are in fear, Wang resolutely decided not to leave the dangerous land, to help Qi Jiguang stabilize the military heart. Taizhou war, Wang and "Qi family army" relatives living in the city of Xinhe, the garrison is very little, in case of a large number of Japanese invaders, the situation is critical, Wang persuaded the guards of the city, mobilizing the city of women and children, wearing the "Qi family army" clothing listed on the city, make a back to the city of the empty city plan.
But according to Wang Daokun, "Meng Zhuchu Qi Gong epitaph" said: Qi Jiguang original match Wang's brutal and arrogant, because of Qi Jiguang Na three Ji, lifting the five son of the matter, "day manipulation of the white blade, would like to get a lesser protection and willingness". Later, although the former suspicion, over the succeeding An Guo as a son, but unfortunately An Guo died early, in the end, or "bag its savings, the carriage and return to the kings", and Qi Jiguang get to the point of a beat two apart. This secret family history is not enough for outsiders, so the "Genealogy" did not mention.
6, Penglai Chi family house and repair
"Genealogy" of Penglai Chi's ancestral home location does not have a precise record, but Penglai City, southwest of the village of Wulin, formerly known as "Chi family village", the village is now Ming Jiajing 44 years (1565), "the father of the Governor" Square and "the son of the Governor". "Square" and "mother and child section filial piety" Square, Ming Chongzhen eight years Qi Wuyi Gong Ancestral Hall, with the "Genealogy" and the Qing version of "Penglai County Records" contained in line with the remains of the Qi's ancient house base, is the Penglai Qi's family since the beginning of the Qi Bin generations living in the place is undoubtedly.
According to the "genealogy" records, Penglai Chi family property, in addition to the above city's ancestral home, there is a property in the west of the Zuzhi Zhaozhi Hill, may be for the placement of the tomb keeper and prepared, the location should be in the present Penglai City, Nanwang Township, bit Wu Village, near the place of the Chi Hill. Jiajing 23 years (1544), Chi Jiguang to Beijing for the assault procedures, in order to raise enough money, Chi Jingtong sold this property.
Chi Jingtong had repaired his ancestral home in the city. The Genealogy records: Jiajing eighteen years (1539), "when the residence of the first pendant two hundred years, a long time dilapidated, had no choice but to repair the camp. At that time, the Chi family is not rich, Chi Jingtong is not advocating extravagant people, therefore, the repair project may be only on the ancestral home for reinforcement and maintenance, and no new. This can be seen from the Chi Jingtong borrowed the "Yi four households" to educate the young Chi Jiguang.
Chi Jiguang late in life from Guangdong Royal post back to his hometown, in the "extended teacher, compiling and repairing documents, donations to repair the Penglai Pavilion" at the same time, but also "in the east of the house, build a shrine", "set up a family temple to worship steam taste! "The family temple was established in the 14th year of the Wanli reign. This family temple in Wanli fourteen years (1586) in October, until the second year in July began to be completed, its pattern is: "Zhou Ji into the room, in the slip a little higher, before the south of a number of martial arts for the 'Wang Yun Lou', before the stacked stones for the mountain platform, called 'See Long', left and right toilets. ', left and right each toilet to the porch."
Here is a doubt: what is the reason, build a small family temple to spend 9 months? Wang Daokun "Mengzhu Qi Gong epitaph" in the late years of Qi Jiguang original wife Wang's "bag their savings, the carriage and return to the king" record. It is possible that Wang's departure with the money made the temple project can not be completed.
7, other family matters, family matters
According to the "genealogy" records, because Penglai Chi a "family luck is not created, Boh Jie Zhongyu, the lineage of a few wasted, two hundred years has been the matter of kerchiefs kerchiefs," in order to show that the martyrdom of the past generations, the Chi family had "examined the ancestry of, for the" biographies " book.
Chi family had "test ancestry, make" biography "a book.
Qi Jiguang 17 years old, his father Qi Jingtong died. At that time, Qi Jiguang went to the capital for the assault on matters not yet, the funeral was organized by the original Chi Jingtong Zhang's hand, "the grave-clothes convergence of the needs of a all out of the said loan", completely by debt to do the funeral. Later, Qi Jiguang "after the court training, examining" Baoding Zhi "according to" Lai Shan Preface - filial piety Lian anecdotes "record of", wrote "filial piety Lian general biography of" an article.
Qi Jiguang 21 years old, the rate of six counties in Shandong, the good son of more than garrison artichokes, long years outside. His brother Jimei unmarried, Chi Jiguang Mrs. Wang sold part of the jewelry for his room Li, hoping to have a companion at home. Li's after the door, because of the young and ignorant, and Wang's discord. Qi Jiguang then proposed "Huangtai Yin" metaphor: "four melons are still afraid to pick, two melons more like? A pick melon divided in half, and then pick and remove the vine. Family has south acres, do not make women hoe."
Chi Jiguang 27 years old, because Chi Jingtong and Mrs. Zhang's still not in accordance with the ancestral system of burial, "so the Queen Mother's bier, divination and burial in the ancestral Zhaozhishan Yang.
Qi Jiguang 28 years old by imperial decree to go to Zhejiang, his brother Jimei is still a Confucian, "and poor, not to produce, ...... so the world's salary to grant, so as to support the thick porridge of the capital". When Qi Jiguang was 39 years old, "Mr. Liutang, his middle uncle, who was also a scholar of the county, wanted to leave the Ziang of China, so he offered his salary of 500 dollars to him as a means of financing his studies. When Qi Jiguang was 41 years old in Jizhou, his younger brother "led the general reserve of Yizhou and said that he was suffering from hardship, so he offered the second grade and the first grade salary to support his official" and listened to his "expenses for ten years", and his younger brother "was appointed as an ayiwei" and was dismissed. was dismissed.
Qi Jiguang at the age of 60 years old, made the "filial piety shrine congratulations," said: "Fortunately, successive performance into, so far, the official gift and four generations.
"Grant", refers to the children and grandchildren of the merit, and awarded the deceased elders honorary title or title, also known as "grant". According to the qing dao guang version of "repair penglai county record - enlun - wu yin", because of chi jiguang's work, grant great-grandfather chi jian "special advance ronglu dafu right dudu", grandfather chi xuan "ronglu dafu right dudu", grandfather chi ning "ronglu dafu right dudu ", the father Qi Jingtong "special entry Ronglu Da Dafu right governor" - only three generations, and Qi Jiguang said does not match.
Qi Jiguang anti-Japanese achievements based on the reform of the military system
The Ming dynasty general Qi Jiguang not only has a passion for patriotism and battlefield command talent, but also a enterprising, reform of the military system of the innovators, its behavior has become a bright spot in the late decline of the dynasty in the gloomy situation.
In 1555, when Qi Jiguang was transferred to Zhejiang to take up the post of commander-in-chief, the eastern coast of China was being constantly invaded by Japanese pirates. A group of 70 Japanese landed in the hinterland traveled thousands of miles, from east Zhejiang into Anhui, Jiangsu, all the way to plunder and kill, but also around the city of Nanjing in a big circle. At that time, there were 120,000 troops in Nanjing, but many of them did not dare to fight. Finally, although the Japanese were wiped out, but the Ming army casualties amounted to 4,000 people!
At that time, China's population, financial strength and the number of troops are many times more than Japan, the Japanese also irregular army, but the Ming army for decades in the coastal area is trapped in a passive situation. A careful analysis of this anomaly shows the gap between the Chinese and Japanese sides in terms of military organization and tactics at that time. Although the Japanese lack of unity of command, only a small force to kill people and goods, but reflects the tight social structure of the Japanese lower class, the size of the head of the subordinates can impose strict control and command, but also take the tricky method of warfare and equipped with imitation of Western-style musket made of bird cannons, and thus repeatedly with fewer than many. Ming Dynasty army quantity and quality, the important reason is because of its implementation of the "Guards" system, each "military household" out of a Ding, unchanged from generation to generation. After the establishment of this system, the soldiers fled and change the registration of many, to the middle of the Ming Dynasty after the guards appeared a large number of empty quota, the remaining remnants of the pawns are also mostly for the officers to serve, the training of the abolition of relaxation. The large Ming Dynasty, on paper, as many as 2.8 million soldiers, can fight but very limited.
Qi Jiguang was ordered to fight against the Japanese, and immediately reformed the military system, not to use the system of guards of the world's soldiers, recruited exiled peasants and miners, selected 3,000 people to form a new force. These soldiers have suffered from the scourge of the Japanese, Qi Jiguang to "protect the country and defend the people" training officers and soldiers, while serious military discipline, the implementation of the "law of guilt by association", the provisions of the whole team retreat captain beheading and other regulations, so that the Department of the fighting will be high. He also abandoned the old-style "look at the martial arts" training method, adopted a mandarin ducks array and other new tactics, and the establishment of a team, post, battalion and other new establishment, the organization of scheduling is more flexible. Qi Jiguang also focus on the study of Portugal and Japan's new firearms, imitation of bird cannons and "Franco" cannon, so that the Ming army entered the stage of mixed use of hot and cold weapons.
After the reform of the military system, this army appeared in the coastal battlefield of east Zhejiang, the anti-Japanese situation soon changed. Qi Jiguang does not put a limited number of troops to divide the mouth, but to form a fist to take the initiative, in Taizhou nine battles nine victories. Frightened Japanese pirates turned to disturb the coast of Fujian and Guangdong, Qi Jiguang also followed the southward transfer of the army. Qi Jiguang according to the Japanese in the sea swimming need some strongholds and islands as a nest of the characteristics, but also to active attacks, which night attack Heng Yu Island battle annihilated 2,000 people. After 10 years of fighting in Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong provinces, the Japanese pirates did not dare to commit crimes because of the fear of annihilation.
When the future generations commemorate the performance of Qi Jiguang as a national hero, it will also lead to some regrets. From the strategic situation between China and Japan at that time, the most effective way to pacify the Japanese should be the establishment of a strength than the Japanese pirates fleet, with the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He went to the West China Sea to build the level of the ship is also fully capable of doing this. With Qi Jiguang *** with the battle of the famous general Yu Dayou will advocate: "large rule warships, thieves come to hit, thieves go to chase, and come to hit, and go to chase". The defense and annihilation of the enemy at sea is indeed a fundamental way to defeat the powerful enemy at sea. However, the powers that be in the Ming Dynasty inherited the conservative concepts of the farming nation, the lack of marine concepts, to deal with the sea to the enemy mainly rely on land warfare. Imagine, if Qi Jiguang, Yu Dayou can command the fleet to ride the East China Sea, it would be magnificent! The history of China would have been rewritten. Unfortunately, this is only a beautiful hypothesis, and history can not be assumed.