The first theme is a powerful and courageous one, expressing Beethoven's indignation and strong will to challenge the feudal forces. Then, the horn blows out the horn tone that changes from the fateful motive, leading to the second theme that is full of tenderness, lyricism and beauty. It expresses Beethoven's desire and pursuit of happiness and a better life. The fate motive intrudes again, leading to the unfolding section, where the mighty fate prevails again. In the unfolding section, transpositions are very frequent, which adds to the original instability and makes the music seem richer.
The recapitulation is identical to the presentation. However, at the massive conclusion of this movement, the two themes converge again, and the music is unstoppable, further demonstrating the people's strong will and conviction to overcome darkness.
The second movement is in the form of a slightly faster march, double theme variations.
The first theme is lyrical, serene and contemplative, played by viola and cello.
Elastic rhythms and undulating melodies give this theme an inherent passion and power.
The second theme is played first by the woodwinds and then by the brass in a heroic and heroic triumphal march.
In the coda, the first theme unfolds briefly, showing the hero's optimism and the confidence and strength that comes from contemplation to further the struggle. The third movement Allegro, witticismo, is a contrast of forces on the eve of a duel.
The cello and bass sound a leaping tone, the violin a hopeless sigh. The theme of fate is still menacing, and the first stage of the duel is still won by fate. But the darkness will pass and the dawn is at hand. The dance theme, played along with the bass strings, leads to an uplifting section that symbolizes the people's confidence and optimism in their struggle against the forces of darkness.
Finally, the first theme, played by the first violin, stretches freely upward, the orchestra's range increasing, the sound intensifying, an irrepressible force leading the music directly into that glorious finale.
Fourth movement Allegro, sonata form.
Begins with a majestic triumphal march, with a glorious first theme played by the full orchestra, followed by a joyous second theme played by the strings, expressing the overwhelming joy of the people's victory. At the climax of the development section, the revelry is suddenly interrupted, and the menacing sound of fate is heard again from afar, but it is already lingering, no longer able to stem the tide of history's advance.
So the brilliant, bright first theme resounded again, with a mountainous momentum, showing the immense joy of the people who had finally won the victory after the struggle. This duel with destiny finally ended in a complete victory for the light.
For reference.