Li Bai (701 - 762) was a great romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty. His name was Taibai, and he was known as the Green Lotus Dweller. His ancestral home was Chengji in Longxi (present-day Qin'an County, Gansu). His ancestors migrated to Central Asia during the Sui Dynasty for crimes. Bai was born in the first year of Chang'an of the Empress Wu (701) in the city of Shattered Leaves in Anxi Province (present-day Tokmak City in the Soviet Union's Kirghiz Union*** and State of Tokmak), and at about the age of five, he moved with his father to the township of Qinglian in Changlong County, Mianzhou, in the center of Sichuan Province (present-day Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province).
Li Bai, during his youth, was given a good family education. At the age of ten, he recited poems and books, watched a hundred schools of thought, made poems and fugues, learned swordplay, and had a wide range of hobbies. At the age of fifteen, he wrote excellent essays. After the age of twenty, roaming in Sichuan, the magnificent scenery of Sichuan, contact with the social life, broadened horizons, and cultivated the idea of love for the motherland and the bold and bright, love of freedom of character, but also planted the seedling of the negative thinking of the world of the Traveling Immortals.
Kaiyuan fourteen years ( 726), twenty-six-year-old Li Bai "sword to the country", resigned from his family to travel, began to Anlu (now belongs to Hubei) as the center of the sixteen years of travel, the two lakes, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Henan, Shanxi and other regions, footprints throughout nearly half of China. The poems of this period mostly depicted the natural landscape and roaming life, and the works include Ding Dugu Ge, Huanghe Lou Send Meng Haoran to Guangling, Yue Zhong Gu Gu, and Wearing a Flute in Rock City on a Spring Night, etc., and the style has already matured.
In the first year of Tianbao (742), Li Bai, at the age of forty-two, was recommended by a friend to go to the capital by imperial decree to serve in the Hanlin. At the beginning of his call, Li Bai was very excited, and wrote the poem "Laughing up at the sky and going out the door, my generation is not an artemisia person" (Nanling Bie children to the capital), thinking that he would realize his political ambitions, but the reality mercilessly crushed his illusions. Tang Xuanzong at the time of mediocrity and decadence, indulgence, ignore the government, the poet "to fight its intelligence, would like to be an auxiliary" ("on behalf of the Shoushan reply to the Meng Shaofu transfer of documents") of the volunteer can not be realized, and the results of the back to be sidelined, with disappointment and grief and anger, left Changan, ending this before and after the less than two years of the emperor's capital life. Although this period is not long, but the poet came into contact with the inner life of the court and the upper ruling group of corruption, wrote a lot of attack on the reality of the poem, such as "ancient wind" part of the "difficult to travel the road" "Liang Fu Yin", etc., these poems, scorned the rich and powerful, the poet is unwilling to be complicit in the ideological virtues and spirit of resistance.
Tianbao three years (744) spring, Li Bai left Chang'an, with the pain and grief of ideal disillusionment, began to Liang Yuan (Kaifeng) as the center of the second roaming, which lasted eleven years, "wandering around the world to poetry and wine to suit themselves" (Liu Quanbai, the late Tang Hanlin Li Junjie Jie record), but the country is still very concerned about the affairs of the state. He hoped that one day he could be reappointed by the imperial court. In the fall of the third year of Tianbao, he met Du Fu and Gao Shi in Luoyang and Bianzhou respectively, and the three of them traveled together and visited Liangyuan and Jinan, etc. Since then, Li and Du formed a deep friendship: "Drunkenly sleeping in the autumn ****, hand in hand, I traveled together on the same day" (Du Fu's "Searching for the Fan Ten Hermitage with Li XII"). This period is the poet's richest period of creation, representative works include: "Dreaming of Traveling to Tianmu Yin Liufei", "Will Enter the Wine", "The Northern Wind", "Liang Yuan Yin" and so on. The profound exposure of reality and the strong spirit of resistance are the remarkable features of the works of this period.
Tianbao fourteen years (755), the An Shi rebellion, Li Bai with the elimination of rebellion, restore national unity and stability of the volunteer, participated in the ranks of the Yong Wang Li Lin, it was not expected that the Yong Wang and Su Zong fight for the throne, Su Zong eliminated Li Lin's team, Li Bai was convicted of the crime, banished to Yilang (present-day Tongzi County, Guizhou, the area), the poet with an unjustified injustice, the silent sobbing: "I have no tears, in this weeping infinite! The poet, with his unrighteous wrongs, let out a silent sob: "I can't stop crying, but here I am crying endlessly" ("Jiangxia Bie Song Zhi Ti"). Fortunately, he was amnestied in the middle of the journey and was released. The poem "Toward Baidicheng" describes the mood at that time.
Shangyuan two years (761), has been sixty-one years old Li Bai, heard that the lieutenant Li Guangbi led the troops to pursue Shi Chaoyi, decided to join the army, but the line to Jinling due to illness back, "the sky to take away the heart of the strong man, the long pause to say goodbye to the Wu Jing" ("heard that the lieutenant of Li Taibei Qin army millions of troops out of the Southeast Cowardly please help the wings to Shen a cut with halfway sick still stayed to say goodbye to Jinling Cui serving the Royal"), Bao Ying, the first time in the world, the first time in the world, the second time in the world. In November of the first year of Baoying (762), he died at the home of his uncle, Li Yangbing, the magistrate of Dangtu County, at the age of sixty-two.
Though Li Bai failed to realize his ideals in politics, he made great achievements in poetry and holds a high position in the history of Chinese literature. He inherited and carried forward the poetic tradition of positive romanticism since Qu Yuan, and pushed the spirit of romanticism and creative method to a new peak.
He often expressed his ambition to fight against the wind and clouds with unrestrained passion, and his ideal of helping the people and settling the earth and grain. With a strong spirit of rebellion and an arrogant and untamed attitude, the poet attacked the society and lashed out at the rich and powerful. Although Li Bai did not have as extensive contact with the people as Du Fu did, he also had sympathy for the working people. He wrote about the blood and tears of the boatmen in the Song of Ding Du Gu. In "Song of the Autumn Pool", he wrote about the hardships of fishermen and smelters. In "Concubine's Thin Fate", "Long Dry Walk" and "Walking in the North Wind", he wrote about his sympathy for the fate of women. After the Anshi Rebellion, he sighed, "White bones have become hills and mountains, what sin have the living beings committed" ("Gift to Jiangxia Wei Taishou Liangzai"), and expressed his own feelings, "Shen Baowu wept y, and his sideburns were spotted for seven days" ("Running to the Dead Road"). " ("Running out of the road") "four or five sighs in the middle of the night, often for the big country worry" ("Gift Jiangxia Wei Taishou Liangzai") of patriotic grief and indignation of the people.
He used a large number of poems to sing about the beauty of the mountains and rivers of the motherland and to express his deep feelings of patriotism. Under the poet's pen, the treacherous Shu Road, magnificent peaks, rushing rivers and cascading waterfalls are all magnificent and touching.
There is no doubt that Li Bai's poetry does depict the negative emotions of seeking immortality, alchemy and medicine, as well as preaching that life is like a dream and timely happiness, which must be identified.
Li Bai's poems are free and easy, wanting to fall out of the sky, up to the sky and into the earth, mixed with the real and the unreal. Peculiar exaggerations, magnificent colors, myths, anecdotes and legends, cast in verse. However, his verses are like a lotus flower in the water, not pretending to be decorated. This constitutes his artistic style which is free and bold, and majestic and unrestrained. He was most skillful in seven lines of songs and stanzas. His stanzas are regarded by later generations as the model of Tang's stanzas. Du Fu was extremely impressed by Li Bai, and once gave his poetry a very high appraisal: "The stroke of a pen startles the wind and rain, and the poem becomes a poem that weeps the ghosts and gods" ("Sending Twelve Bai in Twenty Rhymes").
There is the Complete Works of Li Taibai, which contains more than 990 poems. The Qing dynasty's Wang Qi's "Li Taibai's Complete Works" and the present day's "Li Bai's Collected Works" by Qu Yuyuan and Zhu Jincheng. Guo Moruo's Li Bai and Du Fu, Wang Yunxi's Studies on Li Bai, Wang Yao's Li Bai, and the Selected Poems of Li Bai by the Classical Literature Group of the Chinese Department of Fudan University can be consulted.
Du Fu (712-770), courtesy name Zimei, was born in Gong County, Henan Province. His grandfather, Du Shenyan, was a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty. In his youth, he traveled around present-day Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei and Shandong, and met Li Bai twice, and the two formed a deep friendship.
Du Fu came to Chang'an in the fifth year of Tang Xuanzong's Tianbao reign (746). The following year, he took part in a test ordered by the Tang Emperor Xuanzong, but none of the applicants were accepted because of the treacherous Li Linfu's interference. From then on, he had no way to make progress and lived in poverty. Until Tianbao fourteen years (755), only to get the "right guard rate of the House of Cao Cao Senator" position, responsible for looking after the armored warehouses. In the same year, the An Shi Rebellion broke out, at which time Du Fu was visiting his family in Fengxian (present-day Pucheng, Shaanxi). The following year, he settled his family in Qiangcun, Shanshan Prefecture (present-day Fu County, Shaanxi Province), and left to join Emperor Su Zong, who had assumed the throne in Lingwu (present-day Gansu Province). On the way, he was captured by the rebels and escorted to Chang'an after the fall, during which time he witnessed the atrocities of the rebels' killing and looting and the suffering of the people. It was not until April of the second year of Zhide (757) that he risked his life and fled to Fengxiang, the temporary residence of Emperor Suzong (now Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), where he was authorized to be the left picker. Soon afterward, he was relegated to the position of a military officer in Huazhou because of his efforts to save Fang Guan. Since then, he was very disappointed with the reality of politics, abandoned his official position, raised his family and traveled to the west, and finally arrived in Chengdu, where, with the help of Yan Wu and others, he built a grassy hall on the banks of the Raccoon River in the western part of the city, which is known as "Du Fu's Cao Tang". Later, he was recommended by Yan Wu to be the Counselor of the Sections and the Minister of Public Works of the Ministry of Public Works. After Yan Wu's death, he left Chengdu and his family lived in Kui Zhou (present-day Fengjie County, Sichuan). Two years later, he left Kui Zhou and moved around Jiangling and Hengyang. In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong Dali's reign (770), the poet fell ill and died in a small boat on the Xiangjiang River.
His poems are known for their artistic richness and variety, at times majestic and unrestrained, at times somber and sad, or rhetorical splendor, or plain and simple. He specialized in metrical poems, and was the founder of the new musical poetic style. His poems are harmonious in sound and rhythm, and his choice of words is refined; "he has a penchant for delaying good sentences, and his words are not shocking", which is a true depiction of his rigorous creative attitude. He is known as the "Sage of Poetry" in the history of Chinese literature. More than 1,400 of his poems have survived to this day. There is the Du Shaoling Collection.
Du Fu's Cao Tang (杜甫草堂) is one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, located on the banks of the Raccoon River outside the west gate of Chengdu, and was the former residence of Du Fu, a great realist poet of the Tang Dynasty, when he lived in Chengdu.
Du Fu (712 - 770 A.D.), known as Zimei (子美), was nicknamed Shaoling Yilao (少陵野老), and also known as Du Gongbu (杜工部), because he was a school inspector of the Ministry of Public Works (工部). A native of Gong County, Henan Province, he lived during the turning point of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and he had a rough life, but was ultimately an unpopular poet. He was known as the "Sage of Poetry" for his brilliant achievements in poetry, and his poems have been handed down to the present day, numbering more than 1,400.
Du Fu was exiled to Chengdu in the winter of 759 A.D. to avoid the An Shi Rebellion, and in the spring of the following year, with the help of friends, he built a thatched cottage on the banks of the scenic Raccoon River, the Chengdu Cao Tang, which he referred to as the "House west of the Miles Bridge, the North Village of the Hundred Flowers Pond" in his poems. He lived here for nearly four years, leaving behind more than 240 poems, such as "Spring Nights and Joyful Rain" and "The Phase of Shu", of which "The Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind" is the most famous song in the history of the world.
Du Fu lived and traveled in Chengdu and wrote poems and paintings, and his works were endless. "Two yellow orioles singing in the green willow, a line of white herons in the blue sky. The window contains a thousand snowy autumns in the West Ridge, and the door is moored to a ten-thousand-mile ship in the East Wu." This "Four Poems (Three)" vividly depicts the spring colors of the poet's family in the Cao Tang. 765, Yan Wu died of illness, and Du Fu, who had lost his only source of support, had to say goodbye to Chengdu in pain.
Today's Dufu Cao Tang, which has been restored many times, covers an area of more than 240 acres and is one of the most popular sightseeing spots for visitors to Chengdu. Inside the hall, there are heather trees, plum and bamboo forests, winding streams, bridges and pavilions, flower paths and wooden doors, winding paths, and an elegant and beautiful garden pattern. Starting from the main gate, the buildings are the Great Temple, the Hall of Poetry and History, the Chai Gate, and the Gongbu Ancestral Hall in order of progression. Among them, the Grand Temple and the Chai Gate are the original buildings of the Cao Tang mentioned in Du's poem, while the Poetry and History Hall has a statue of Du Fu in the center, and couplets and plaques written by celebrities of all times are displayed in the hall. Inside the hall, there are couplets and plaques written by celebrities through the ages. Inside the Gongbu Ancestral Hall, there is a portrait of Du Fu, accompanied by Lu You and Huang Tingjian, who are the heirs of Du Poetry.
In 1985, Dufu Cao Tang was renamed Dufu Cao Tang Museum, which has a collection of more than 30,000 volumes of all kinds of materials and more than 2,000 pieces of cultural relics. Including the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, Du Poetry, photocopies, handwritten copies, as well as a variety of modern lead-printed copies, as well as foreign translations of 15 languages and more than 120 kinds of Han-engraved copies published by North Korea and Japan, is the richest and best-preserved collection of Du Fu's life of creative writing Du Fu wrote more than 1,000 poems in his life, of which the famous ones are the "three mandarins," the "Three Farewells," "The Walk of the Troopers," "The Song of the Thatched Cottage Broken by Autumn Winds," "The Walk of the Lilien," "The Spring Festival Song," "The Spring Festival Song" and "The Spring Festival Song, The Walk of the Lillies", "Spring Hope", and so on. Du Fu's poems fully express his deep sympathy for the people and expose the sharp confrontation between the exploiters and the exploited in feudal society: "Vermilion door stinks of wine and meat, and there are frozen bones on the road!" This immortalized verse has been remembered by generations of Chinese people. "Jezebel dares to love death, and the loneliness of a strong heart is frightening!" This is a full demonstration of Du Fu's incomparable love for his motherland, a fact that makes his poems highly popular. This patriotic fervor of Du Fu is also expressed in abundance in such famous pieces as "Spring Hope" and "Hearing the Official Army Collect Henan and Hebei". In "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", the patriotic spirit of the people enduring all the pains is glorified, and his heart of patriotism and love for the people is shown in front of the readers. Out of his love for the motherland and the people, he must have a strong hatred for the extravagant and barbaric face of the ruling class and the crimes of the country and the people. This is even more fully expressed in the immortal masterpieces "The Walking of the Soldiers" and "The Walking of the Lillies". A great patriot's concern for the country and the people is inevitably expressed in other aspects. Some of Du Fu's poems about objects and scenery, and even those lyric poems about husband and wife, brothers and friends, are permeated with deep feelings for the motherland and the people. In short, Du Fu's poems are an artistic record of the Tang Empire's transition from prosperity to decline. With a positive spirit of entering the world, Du Fu bravely, faithfully and profoundly reflected an extremely wide range of social realities, and no matter in what kind of a sinister situation, he did not lose his confidence, and in the long literary history of our country, the cognitive, reference, educational and aesthetic roles of Du Fu's poems are hard to reach.
The greatest artistic characteristic of Du Fu's poems is that the poet often hides his subjective feelings in the objective description, and lets the things themselves impress the readers. For example, the poet does not directly reproach the Yang siblings for their prostitution, but the author's love and hate attitude is obvious from the specific description of their dress, food and other aspects.
Du's language is simple, plain, colloquial and realistic, but it is very skillful. He also often used character monologues and colloquialisms to emphasize the individuality of characters.
Du is especially good at capturing details when portraying characters, such as a passage about his wife and children in "The Northern Expedition," which is a very prominent example.
Du Fu's poetic style is varied, but on the whole, it can be summarized as somber and staccato. Here, "somber" refers to the depth and subtlety of the writing, while "staccato" refers to the subduing and twisting of the feelings, the tumbling and swaying of the tone of voice and syllables.
All of this established Du Fu as the supreme "Sage of Poetry" in more than 3,000 years of Chinese literary history.
The place.