Kaobing dance circulated in the suburb of Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, Ma Zhang District, Hukuang Town, the old county village and the neighboring next, Dongling, Xiling, Beitang, cloud foot village. Every year on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar, are presided over by the Taoist public, in the village enshrined in front of the Kang Huang Temple held a grand exorcism of ghosts and epidemics,遣灾纳福傩祭活动.
The old county village is the Sui and Tang dynasties iron to the county seat. "Kaobing" in the Southern Song Dynasty during the Baoyou (1253-1258 years) by the Peng family ancestor from Longxi through the mirror square village (now Jiangxi Province, Jishui County). The mask was introduced during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.
The dance performance procedures: before the trip by the Road before the temple in the Kang Huang Nuo festival, and then by the landlord, landlady and the car, Mai, Li, Liu, Hong five will be the dancers each with a mask. The car will hold an axe, wheat will hold a mace, Lee will hold a chain, Liu will hold a knife, Hong will hold a flag, accompanied by percussion and suona dance to the statue of Kang Huang. Then a number of strong, tall and handsome teenagers, carrying colorful flags and umbrellas, lead the way. Taoist workers walk in front of the statue of the god to sprinkle white rice, so-called "sprinkle grain". After that, five generals and so on with the statue of Kang Huang in the village parade, and to each household to drive away the ghosts and epidemics to protect the peace. Then, they parade back to the square in front of the temple and hold a sacrificial ceremony. At that time, the dancers and then formed a horizontal row to the statue of worship disease dance, repeated, to show that the sacrifice of the spirit, during which there are claiming to be possessed by the spirit of the big man, bare-chested, in front of the altar covered with thorns on the Eight Immortal Table rolling back and forth is commonly known as the "over the bed of thorns" to show that the spirit of the spirit of the spirit of this time, the activities have reached a climax. At night, the Taoist priests will symbolize the epidemic ghosts in front of the door of each house scarecrow collection, placed in the paper boat to the village in front of the river flow away, meaning "send disaster to send disaster". This is the end of the "Kaobing" ritual.
The performance of the Kaobing Dance is relatively simple. According to the old man, the original form of performance and dance moves and basic lost. Today's performance only retains the Nuo dance "incense and fire decision", turn the wrist bow step, push the finger forward and backward step broken straight up and straight down the formation. Dance while shouting while dancing to retain the ancient simplicity and might, with a strong primitive ancient witch colors and a strong sense of life. "Go clear will" for Zhanjiang Nuo dance of a kind, circulating in Leizhou City, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, Leizhou Leigao Town, Songzhu Town, Nanking Town, Guest Road Town, Yangjia Town, Baisha Town, attached to the town and the Ma Zhang District, Taiping Town, Huguang Town and other places in the countryside. Whenever the Lantern Festival or God's Birthday, the villagers in these places are in the temple and home to sacrifice "Thunder God" in order to drive away evil spirits and avoid disasters, to express the good wishes of people praying for peace and welcome auspiciousness and good fortune.
Characteristics
Dongjiao Village and Xianpai Village's "Going Clear"
Generally six or eight people in a team, wearing masks and colorful clothes, dressed up as "Thunder Head" and "Five Thunder Officials" (Ma, Guo, Guo), and "Five Thunder Generals" (Ma, Guo, Guo). The performance program is as follows: the Taoist priests will perform for the Taoist priests, and the Taoist priests will perform for the Taoist priests, and the Taoist priests will perform for the Taoist priests, and the Taoist priests will perform for the Taoist priests. Its performance procedures are: set up an altar for the Taoist priests, held a "please will practice" ceremony, the first month of the twenty-seventh dao time to the hour, the Taoist altar first thing to burn incense and firecrackers i, to chicken blood sacrifice to the gods, issued orders issued by the runes, and respect for all the deities, all the way to the temple to set up a fortress to train troops. After the dance Nuo, the Taoist priest asked five will be "five barbarians Lei, Kung Fu practice is not", five will answer "practice purely", the Taoist priest made "troops". Nuo team will go to each household, to "drive away the ghosts and epidemics". Drums and gongs to lead the way, door-to-door in front of the hall jumping Nuo, each home in front of the hall on the eight immortal table full of offerings. Nuo team from the front door into the courtyard, by five thunder will stand into a plum blossom formation dance. The landlord, landlady in front of the door to keep watch.
The dance is always accompanied by percussion. During the performance, the head of the Thunder General holds an axe and a chisel in his hand. The central thunder general holds a flower whip and leads the team to each house. According to "go to the four directions, return to the center" of the east, south, west, north and central routines. The action is rough and concise, exaggerated, simple and rustic style, with a strong sense of local flavor. From the program can still be seen from the primitive exorcism "to drive away the ghosts and epidemics" style.
"Walking clear will be" the original mask, Songzhu Town, Dongjiao Village Nuo masks were created in the Qing Dynasty Yongzheng to Qianlong years, so far there have been more than two hundred years. Preserved in Songzhu Township, Tongzai village farmers Hongru home Nuo Nuo masks complete, the image of God. Now the village of Shan Mei, Xian Pai village and other villages of masks also have a long history, especially the village of Shan Mei Nuo masks have 10, respectively, is Lei Gong, five Lei Gong, land, boatman and so on. Introduction
Dance two real, two-person dance, circulated in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, Wuchuan City, Dashan Village and other places. Every first month of the lunar calendar from the eighth to fifteenth Lantern Festival, the local will be held "dance two real" Nuo worship activities, to show that in addition to the evil protection of the right, lead to the good wishes of the good fortune to return to the Hall.
Origin
According to legend, the Northern Song Dynasty, Henan Luoyang people Kang Baoshi, lost his father when he was a child, his family is poor, loyal and courageous since childhood, filial piety and righteousness, the chest to save the people in the fire, to serve the country's ambitions. After leaving his mother, he joined a teacher to learn the law. One day, Kang traveled to the spring to visit the talent, coincidentally met with the extraordinary strength of the car, Mai two people to move the stone fence road, so that the pedestrians can not pass. At this time, Kang made use of the "copper hammer jack method" to make Che and Mak carry the copper hammer, and the two used all their tricks to carry the hammer, so they became angry and wielded their swords and battle-axes to attack Kang directly. Kang used the "Fixed Body Method" to fix them, and used the "Stone Escape Method" to move the boulder away from them, and traveled to the mountain. It was not until Kang returned from his trip that he used his magic to restore them. When Che and Mak woke up, they could not see the boulder, but only Kang and the big copper hammer. The two went up to move the hammer, and could not move it with all their strength. Due to the over-exertion of force, they could not move the hammer even though their faces were red and white, and then they realized that King Kang was the commander-in-chief with high moral and military strength that they were looking for. So, the two kneeled down and begged for forgiveness, willing to whip for Kang with the peace, through the service of the country's salvation. After that, the three of them joined hands and practiced the way of eliminating evils and protecting the righteousness and saving the people from fire and water in the Central Plains. When the Khitan invaded during the Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhenzong learned of Kang's magical power and recruited him to be a member of the Three Armies. Che, Mai two for its generals, wielded against the invasion of the enemy, they won a hundred battles, repeatedly made a miraculous achievement, after the unfortunate and battle with the martyrdom, died for the country. Their martyrdom for the country's spirit, not only in the hearts of people remember, and touched the heaven, the Jade Emperor that Kang Bao descent as "commander-in-chief of the Taoist fruit without leakage of the True Lord Litian Fude real clothes Kang Huang Renen Da Di", the car true gentleman as "the earth and goddesses of the car Marshal," and Mai Zhenjun as the "earth and goddesses of vice secretary Mai. Che Zhenjun was the "Marshal of Che in Heaven" and Mai Zhenjun was the "Marshal of Mai in Earth". From then on, Che and Mai followed Emperor Kang with their swords and battle-axes, descending to earth from time to time to save the people from fire and water.
History
Mai Erzhen has a long history and a long lineage. According to Huang Taiyu and Huang Anning, the twentieth-generation heirs of the dance, "The genealogy records that the dance was transplanted from Wuyang Lingtou Street by the first ancestor, Huang Zhongyi (born in the 18th year of the Yuan's reign), in the eighth year of the Ming dynasty's Hongwu era (1375), and was passed on to Dagan. After successively passed to the third ancestor Huang Bi (born in Ming Hongwu 26 years), the fifth ancestor Huang Shilian (born in Ming Xuande ten years), Huang Endong (born in Minghua thirteen years), Huang Zanye (born in Ming Chongzhen sixteen years), Huang Wenbin (born in the fifty-first year of the Kangxi period), Huang Ju Chuan (born in Qianlong ten years), Huang Jukai (born in the eleventh year of the Jiaqing period), Huang Zhaohang (born in the seventh year of the Daoguang period), Huang Huanran (born in the twenty-eighth year of the Daoguang period), Huang Peitian (born in the ninth year of the Guangxu reign), Huang Defu (born in the thirteenth year of the Tongzhi reign) Huang Qishou (born in the twenty-ninth year of the Guangxu reign), Huang Chirong (born in the second year of the Republic of China), and all the way up to the current twenty-generation heirlooms, Huang Taiyu and Huang Anyu."
Features
The dance has been passed down from generation to generation in a long tradition of strict adherence to the family rule of "passing on to the son, not to the man, and passing on within, not outside". The dance is performed by Che and Mai Zhenjun according to the seventy-two phrases and movement routines passed down from their ancestors. Che Zhenjun wears a red black-bearded mask, a red embroidered marshal's uniform, and holds the Tao. Mai Zhenjun wears a black black beard mask, a black embroidered figure marshal suit, and a battle-axe in his hand. The dancers' movements and prop enforcement are identical during the performance. The dancers perform the same movements and props to enforce the law. The dance movements include the basic steps of "lifting the right leg and moving left" and "turning left and right". The basic movements are "turn around and light up the battle-axe" and "turn around and end the battle-axe. Before doing the movement, do the "Turning and Bright Battle-axe" once. During the movement, you have to dance while reciting the mnemonic. Each recitation consists of seven words with a different movement to represent it. After each mnemonic, "turn around and end the battle-axe" and "turn around and light up the battle-axe" are performed sequentially, consistently to the end. Its surface procedure and characteristics are as follows: first set up the Jiaojiao Hall in the temple of the True Lord, and set up an eight-immortal table in front of the altar. By the Taoist priests for the sacrifice, honoring the Kang Huang and the two true gentleman to the altar, to show that the gods descended to accept the pilgrimage of the townspeople, and then the car true gentleman from the left, Mai Zhenjun from the excellent on the table, facing the altar. In the sound of the band playing the "Luo Shen tune", while reciting the mnemonic while dancing according to the order of the seventy-two mnemonic movements, after the dance off the table, then the townspeople carrying the statue of Emperor Kang, the car, Mak two true gentleman accompanied by the left and right, around the temple of the true gentleman to walk around for three times, and then continue to go out to the villages to the village of "compulsion" according to the above method of the dance in order to go back to the altar. After the tour, back to the temple, in front of the temple dance again, the whole activity is over.
The dance style is simple and solemn, and the dance posture is brave and strong, and the turn is unanimous and the pile step is steady, which shows the heroism of uprightness and perseverance, and the heroic spirit of getting rid of evils. The dance music accompaniment, by the percussion suona, round drums, ceramic drums (burnt clay with a big head and a small head, sheepskin drum surface, the center of the wasp waist-shaped hollow. The big head for the drum, the right palm hit the sound "coaxing" low, the right hand holding a bamboo slice hit the small head sound "flat" high, is an ancient music drum) consistently to the end. The masks and costumes, knives, battle-axes, etc. of this dance are all handed down by the ancestors from the eighth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1375) to the present. "
The dance of the six generals has been passed down in the town of Bopu, Wuchuan City, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, and it is an activity of the local villagers to ward off evils and drive away calamities and pray for peace to entertain the gods and the people.
Every lunar calendar, the first to the third of March, "North Emperor" during the birth of the gods to dance six generals, the local people fast for three days, commonly known as the "March 3" annual routine. Next door on the morning of the first day, the first by the Taoist public in the North Temple to preside over the altar ceremony; Kai Zhi, hair book will be sent to receive the holy. On the altar, various kinds of cakes and fruits are set up, and incense and candles are lit. At this time, there are drums and gongs everywhere, dragons and lions dancing, and villagers carry the Bodhisattva of the Northern Emperor in a palanquin, surrounded by a vast honor guard and six generals wearing masks and the Land God, and go to the realm under the jurisdiction of the God of the Land to travel to the God of the Land, and the villagers gather to set up fasts and set up cups for worship. The Northland Bodhisattva must perform the dance of the six generals every time he arrives at a sacrificial platform. Until the afternoon of the third day, turn into the "boat", that is, the paper boat sent to the river to burn, to show that the ghosts to drive away the evil spirits, and then back to the temple to send the saint, the festival to the end of all this.
According to the old man Chen Jin 'Gong Yueqing recalled, Bopu Xiangshan ancient temple of the northern emperor of the bodhisattva seat base engraved with Jin Dynasty characters, about 1,700 years ago. Folklore, the Northland Bodhisattva Department and the six marshals: Zhao Gongming, Ma Huaguang, Guan Yunchang, Zhang Festival, Xin Huan, Deng Zhong, can be for the people to ward off evil spirits and drive away disasters. They can protect the people from evils and disasters, and bless the people's life and the country's prosperity. The villagers sacrificed to the Northern Emperor and danced with the six generals, which is also to send these good wishes.
The performance of the Dance of the Six Generals is performed with percussion throughout. It is performed by Liu, the six generals who play the role of the land lord and the northern land Bodhisattva's subordinates, Zhao, Ma, Guan, Zhang, Xin, Deng, etc., wearing masks and holding weapons. The performance is performed in order by the land public is performed, and then one by one to take turns to perform on the stage. Characteristics of the action, in addition to **** the same base step "step three go", each person has their own character movements and routines. The landlord holds a walking stick and shakes a fan with his right hand, showing the old man's posture. Then Zhao Gongming comes out and performs the movements of "Raising the Mace and Appearing", "Fighting Tiger" and "Fighting Tiger". Ma Huaguang holding a halberd to do "inverted halberd", "stabbing halberd kneeling fight". Guan Yunchang holding a big sword on the field to do "cross the sword to stroke the beard", "dragging the sword mountain bladder". Zhang Jie performs "Kneeling Bucket Sweeping Gun" and "Bow-step Slanting Stabbing Gun". Xin Huan came on stage with a book in his left hand and a brush in his right hand to perform "Book Watching Stance" and "Turning Book Watching Stance". Deng Zhong carries an axe and chisel and performs "Lifting the Axe and Striking the Chisel" and "Half Moon". The performance requires the action of horse stance, knife and spear piercing accurate, a breath of fresh air, mighty and strong, rough and powerful, vivid and realistic.
Dress. The landlord wears red or blue robes, and so on in the black men's lapel top, Chinese pants, shoulders each set of a black wings. With a black tie to be attached to the back and then with shoulder pads. Zhao, Ma, Guan, Zhang, Xin Wu generals try to dress according to the character modeling in ancient opera.