Phonetic name hon ɡ Hu 'a
Alias red and blue flowers (synopsis of the golden chamber), thorn safflower (annals of traditional Chinese medicine in Sizhou) and grass safflower (annals of traditional Chinese medicine in Shaanxi).
This flower originated from the compositae safflower. Pick tubular flowers from May to June when the petals turn from yellow to red, and dry them in the sun, in the shade or in the sun.
Original shape
Safflower, also known as: Yellow Blue (Natural History), Red Blue (Cui Bao's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times), Safflower (Yan Lu Materia Medica) and Safflower (Disaster Relief Materia Medica).
Annual herbs, 30 ~ 90 cm tall, all smooth and hairless. The stem is erect, the base is lignified and the upper part is multi-branched. Leaves alternate, hard, subsessile and stalked; Oval or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5 cm long and 9 cm wide, 1 ~ 3.5 cm, tapering at the base, sharp at the top, with barbed teeth at the edge; The upper leaves gradually become smaller and bract-like, surrounding the head. Inflorescence is large, terminal, with multiple rows of total bracts, 2 ~ 3 rows of leaves, lanceolate, with acupuncture at the edge; The inner column is oval with white edge, membranous and spineless; Receptacle flat; Tubular flowers are numerous, usually bisexual, orange-red, with 5-lobed apex and linear lobes; Stamens 5, anther polymerization; Pistil 1, slender style, protruding from anther tube, stigma 2-lobed, lobes short, tongue-shaped. Achene oval or obovate, about 5 mm long, slightly oblique at the base, white, with 4 edges. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruiting period is August-September.
Habitat distribution is cultivated all over the country. Location: Henan, Zhejiang and Sichuan.
Dry tubular flower, about 65438 0.5 cm long, orange-red, narrow tubular, 5-lobed at the top, narrow linear lobes, 5-7 mm long, 5 stamens, yellow anthers, two in one, higher than the lobes, with stigma exposed at the center. It has a special aroma and a slightly bitter taste. It is best to have long flowers, bright red colors and soft texture.
chemical composition
Safflower contains safflower yellow pigment and safflower glycoside. Carthamus tinctorius is hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid to obtain glucose and carthamin. It also contains 15α, 20β- dihydroxy -δ4- Dean -3- one. Another fatty oil called safflower oil is glyceride of palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid.
The leaves contain luteolin -7- glucoside.
pharmacological action
Effect of 1 on uterus
The decoction has exciting effect on isolated uterus, in situ uterus and uterine fistula of mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs and cats, but it is weaker than crocus sativus decoction. The pharmacological research varieties of safflower reported in early years have not been identified, and the results are quite uncertain.
2 The role of the circulatory system
The nature of decoction is similar to that of saffron soup, which has the effect of lowering blood pressure and inhibiting heart in anesthetized animals, but it is weak. It has the effect of contracting blood vessels in isolated rabbit ear samples. The water-soluble part of Guanxin No.2 Formula (Salvia Miltiorrhiza: Carthamus tinctorius: Paeonia Rubra: Ligusticum Chuanxiong: Dalbergia odorifera = 2:1:1) can dilate the coronary artery and femoral artery of dogs in vivo. Its decoction was continuously given to rats for 4 days, which had no effect on myocardial ischemia caused by pituitrin. In addition, intravenous injection of safflower water extract 10 mg/kg can increase the coronary flow of anesthetized dogs (coronary sinus intubation) to some extent. Water extract has no obvious effect on blood pressure, while ethanol extract (100 ~ 300mg/kg) can lower blood pressure. It can enhance the hypoxia tolerance of mice (put them in a 250 ml closed jar and observe the death time).
3 Other functions
For hypercholesterolemic rabbits, oral administration of safflower oil 1g/kg/ day can reduce serum total cholesterol, total fat and triglyceride levels, and oral administration of Guanxin No.2 formula extract (65438+ 100ml/ day) can significantly reduce serum cholesterol, neutral fat and β-lipoprotein in experimental atherosclerotic rabbits, and the aortic wall can be significantly reduced. The area and thickness of intimal plaque in aortic wall, the lesions of anterior descending coronary artery and intramyocardial arteriole were alleviated, the lipid staining of plaque was more uneven than that of control group, and the lipid moved to the middle layer, indicating that the plaque had a tendency to fade, but the tissue biochemical and morphological observation indexes were not significant by statistical methods. Safflower oil can also excite some smooth muscle organs such as small intestine and bronchus. Guanxin No.2 prescription has inhibitory effect on isolated rat ileum and can antagonize intestinal spasm caused by acetylcholine. The toxicity of safflower is much less than that of saffron: the weight of mice fed with 6% safflower powder 1 month or more did not decrease. For example, when it is increased to 8 ~ 10%, the weight will drop, and only when it reaches 15% will it lead to death. However, if saffron is mixed with 2%, the weight of mice will decrease after 1 month, and then increase and die.
Processing, cleaning impurities, removing stems, leaves and pedicels, and drying in the sun.
Sexual taste
Xin, Wen
1 kaibao materia medica: pungent, warm and nontoxic.
2 "Soup Medicine": Bitter is sweet.
Meridian tropism
Entering heart meridian and liver meridian.
1 Description of the nature of Leigong's processed drugs: entering the heart meridian and liver meridian.
2 "Explanation of Materia Medica": entering the liver meridian of foot Jueyin and the lung meridian of hand Taiyin.
3 "herbal update": into the liver and kidney.
Functional indication
Promoting blood circulation and dredging channels, removing blood stasis and relieving pain. Treat amenorrhea, abdominal mass, dystocia, stillbirth, postpartum lochia, blood stasis, carbuncle and traumatic injury.
1 Herbal Medicine in Tang Dynasty: Treating Mouth Silence, Blood Stasis and Postpartum Diseases.
2 "Kaibao Materia Medica": After delivery, the blood is suffocating, the blood in the abdomen is inexhaustible, colic, fetal stillbirth, and wine cooking. It also controls blood poisoning.
3 "Materia Medica": Throat obstruction, swallowing juice.
4 "Outline": promoting blood circulation, moistening dryness, relieving pain, reducing swelling and dredging menstruation.
5 "Materia Medica": The blood heat of acne is hard to come out, and the rash is stagnant.
6 "Continuation of Materia Medica": diuresis and detumescence, giving birth and abortion.
Usage and dosage: decocted, 1 ~ 2 yuan; Add powder or soak in wine. If it is fresh, mash the juice. External use: grinding powder.
Pay attention to the taboos of pregnant women.
Additional prescription
1 Used for treating female meridian obstruction, such as blood diaphragm: divided into three parts: safflower (finely divided), sappan (mashed) and angelica. Fine-cut, one or two servings each, one and a half liters of water, stir-fry flowers and trees first, add a glass of wine, stir-fry angelica, and take it warm before eating. (Zhu Yi Fang Ji)
2. Treatment of fever and stillbirth: Boil juice with safflower wine and drink two or three cups. (Supplement to Women's Prescription)
3 cure fetal membranes: boil juice with safflower wine and drink two or three cups. (Milk Production Prescription)
Treating 62 kinds of wind and abdominal blood gas stabbing pain in women: one or two red and blue flowers. Take a liter of wine, fry it in half, take half at a time and take it again. ("synopsis of the golden chamber" red and blue wine)
5 cure all kinds of swelling: red and blue flowers, cooked and mashed to get juice. (Secret Recipe of Foreign Taiwan Province)
6 treatment of throat congestion: red and blue flowers are mashed and taken with a small liter of juice, with the difference as the degree. If there are no wet flowers in winter for several months, the soaked flowers can be taken before wringing the juice. (Provisions on Collection and Inspection at Sea)
7 cure ears, years of pus, smelly: one point of safflower, one or two alum (burning ash). Grind the last medicine into powder and take a little at a time. (Sheng Huifang)
Treatment of falling and hitting the wall: one point for Sichuan hemp, two points for radix aucklandiae, three points for safflower and four points for licorice. All raw materials are used, ground into powder and sent with yellow wine. (Convenient First Aid Prescription)
9 treatment of bedsore: appropriate amount of safflower, soaked in wine and externally applied. (Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine)
clinical application
1 Treating acute and chronic muscle strain
5% injection is made of safflower and injected at pain points or acupoints along meridians. After the needle is stuck, insert it first, and then inject the liquid medicine after the patient feels swelling and pain. Each point is 0.5 ~ 1 ml, 1 time daily or every other day, and the course of treatment depends on the condition. Observation 132 cases. After 3 ~ 15 times of treatment, 5 1 case (37.8%) was cured, 49 cases were markedly effective (37. 1%), 2 1 case was improved (15.9%), and it was ineffective/kloc. Partial injection was cured for 5 ~ 6 times, and no recurrence was found over 1 year. No adverse reactions were found during the treatment; Some patients feel sore after the first injection, but they can gradually reduce it later. Generally, the treatment is continued without adjuvant drugs.
Treat subcutaneous congestion and swelling caused by abrasions and sprains.
Take dry safflower and soak it in 40% alcohol at the ratio of 1% for one week. After the safflower is yellow and white, filter it with gauze. When in use, it is diluted with 1 times distilled water, soaked with absorbent cotton and bandaged. If heated, the effect will be more obvious. Depending on the severity of the wound, the number of dressing changes will increase or decrease. 775 cases of traumatic injury were treated, 347 cases were cured, 399 cases were improved and 29 cases were ineffective. Mild patients can recover in 2 ~ 3 days, and severe patients will lose congestion and swelling in 3 ~ 5 days after application. In addition, 59 cases of tenosynovitis were treated, 8 cases were cured/kloc-0, 39 cases were improved and 2 cases were ineffective. In addition, this product is also effective in the early stage of boils, but it is ineffective for those who have suppurated.
Treatment of bedsore
500 grams of Carthamus tinctorius is added with 7000 ml of water and boiled for about 2 hours, then the liquid is filtered and boiled for about 3-4 hours with slow fire to make it gelatinous. When in use, it is coated on gauze and attached to the affected part, and covered and fixed with sterilized gauze. Change the dressing every other day 1 time. According to the observation of 24 bedsores in 20 cases, 8 cases were cured within 5 times, 0 cases were cured within 65,438+065,438+00 times, and 5 cases were cured over 65,438+00 times (including 2 cases cured 20-25 times, with a course of 65,438+0-2 years).
Treatment of coronary heart disease
Carthamus tinctorius 5 yuan, Radix Curcumae 6 yuan, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 6 yuan, Fructus Trichosanthis 1 as one dose, decocted into fluid extract, dried and crushed, and pressed into 30 pieces. Each time 10 tablet, 3 times a day, 4 weeks as a course of treatment. A total of 44 cases were observed. After 2 ~ 4 courses of treatment, more than 90% of patients with angina pectoris have different degrees of relief (48.8% marked effect, 465,438 0.5% improvement). The total effective rate of ECG was 63.5% (marked 40.9%, improved 22.6%). It has been preliminarily proved that it has a good curative effect on mild to moderate chronic coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, and has the following characteristics: First, the curative effect appears quickly (1 course of treatment, the symptoms are improved by 75.6%); Second, the curative effect is stable during the treatment (the withdrawal rate of nitroglycerin drugs is100%); Third, it is equally effective for patients with stage I and stage II hypertension. After taking the medicine, there were few side effects, except for 1 case with short-term epigastric discomfort and mild diarrhea, there were no adverse reactions affecting appetite and gastrointestinal function.
5 treatment of calluses
Take 40g of Carthamus tinctorius and 40g of Cortex Lycii, grind them into fine powder, add proper amount of glycerol (about100g) and stir them evenly for later use. Wash your feet with warm soapy water before taking the medicine, dry them, apply oil to the soles of your feet, and wrap them with disinfectant dressing twice a day. Dressing can be cured in more than a week. If pus accumulates in the calluses, you can gently puncture and drain the pus with a sterile plum blossom needle, and then apply the medicine, and you can recover in a few days.
Excerpt from * dictionary