The Spring Festival is also the biggest festival of the Qiang people, meaning the end of the old year and the beginning of the new year. The Spring Festival lasts from New Year's Eve to the fifteenth day of the first month.
On New Year's Eve, every family has the custom of putting up couplets. There is also a difference between posting couplets: in that year, if someone in the family died, they would post an elegy and write couplets on green or yellow paper to express their condolences and remembrance of the deceased; while those who do not have any of the above would write couplets on red paper to express their good fortune in the New Year.
On New Year's Eve, the Qiang custom is to have a family reunion. People who work or do business in foreign countries will go home to reunite with their families and have a happy and auspicious New Year's Eve to welcome the new year.
The first day of the first month of the new year, people have to get up early to go to the well to carry water, meaning that the next year is not short of water. But also to the outside of the house to get some firewood in and read the words to the intention of inviting wealth into the home, said the new year every day there is wealth into the home. In addition, you can't talk dirty and quarrel on this day, if you violate it, it means that there will be trouble in the family in the New Year. Also can not see the labor tools, see the meaning of the New Year will be very hard, so New Year's Eve days to hide them to the invisible place.
On the first day of the first month of the morning of the custom of not eating rice, meaning that eating rice means that this year's harvest is not good.
On the second day of the first month of the Qiang people have the custom of New Year's Eve, there are the younger generation to the elders to pay tribute to the table elders in the New Year in good health, all the best. There is a custom of the married daughter returning to her mother's home to pay homage to the New Year, the daughter of the table on the parents of the blessing and wish the parents in the New Year, everything goes well. It is a custom for a man who is not married but has a girlfriend to pay New Year's call to the woman, wishing her parents and girlfriend a happy New Year. It is a custom for a student to pay homage to his master or a student to his teacher, to thank the master or the teacher for teaching him his craft or knowledge, and to wish the master and the teacher good luck in the New Year.
On the third day of the first month of the new year, there is the custom of organizing new graves for the dead and burning paper money to the dead to pay homage. The custom of not visiting the door on this day means that it is the festival of the dead, so you can't visit the door.
The fourth day of the first month, this day means the beginning of the new year can start work on the auspicious day, so this day there is the custom of work to do. This year, there is a new house repair people have to be under this day under the foot of the custom.
The fifth day of the first month, this day is meant to be an auspicious day for the hunter, so this day the family should give men (regardless of the old and the young) with gray flour to do a like an animal bun, and then each family out of some meat and wine to the Walled City of the designated place to go and bring a hunting rifle, the shape of an animal like a bun put together with a hunting rifle aiming to shoot; such as shot on the hunting meant to be the year has been won. Then everyone gathered together to honor the gods, drink and sing the custom.
On the ninth day of the first month, the whole village and even the whole village bring wine, knives, incense and wax to the temple to honor the custom of God.
On the sixth day of the first month, the whole village should bring wine, knife and wax to the top of the hill to go to the tower of the village to worship the custom, the table people to the worship of nature.
The fifteenth day of the Lunar New Year, this day is the last day of the Spring Festival, so there is a family reunion together to eat the custom of the Lunar New Year's dinner, in order to indicate the end of the Spring Festival, the beginning of the new year of spring plowing.
The custom of not going to the mountains on the day of the spring equinox means that it is the day when all kinds of animals in the mountains mate, and it is unfavorable for those who see it.
On the day of hibernation, there is a custom not to go down to the ground.
The Qingming Festival has the custom of sweeping graves, erecting monuments and burning paper on the graves of ancestors.
The Dragon Boat Festival is a festival to worship the dragon, this day there is the custom of getting up early to wash your face and body with dew, meaning that this day everything has a cure for all diseases; but also pulling all kinds of grass to go home for the day of illness. Legend has it that all kinds of grass on this day have very good medicinal effects. There is the custom of drinking Xionghuang wine, meaning that after drinking this wine, snakes do not dare to pester your feet. There is the custom of inserting ai on the door frame, indicating the nostalgia for Qu Yuan.
On the fifteenth day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, the Zhongyuan Festival, commonly known as the Ghost Festival, so this day has the custom of sacrificing ancestors and ghosts.
August 15 is the Mid-Autumn Festival, with moon cakes, walnuts, apples and other food first in the roof of the tower after the sacrifice of the Moon God, the family gathered around the custom of eating a reunion dinner.
The second day of the second month of the lunar calendar for the Dragon Festival, legend has it that this day is the day of the dragon's head, all the snakes have to come out of their holes to end the winter hibernation, so the custom of shaving the head on this day.
The sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, this day is said to be all the insects do not eat things, so this day there are sunshine at home easy to be moth-eaten sweaters, leather and other clothing habits, to avoid insect infestation.
The fifth day of the fifth month, the daughter of the Qiang Festival. On this day the women of the whole village to have to put on new clothes, to Xihu Zhai hilltop tower to honor the gods, singing and dancing around the tower, and then to the cottage for duet singing songs to celebrate the fine traditional virtues of Qiang women.
Qing ...... >>
What are the traditional Qiang festivals? The traditional Qiang festival is the Qiang New Year, which is called "Rimeji" in Qiang language, and there are "Qiang New Year", "Small New Year", "Harvest Festival" and "Harvest Festival" according to different places. Harvest Festival", "restore the festival" and other names, but the name is different, the content is exactly the same, are to celebrate the harvest and thanksgiving for the main content of the Gong has a strong religious color, held on the first day of October in the lunar calendar each year, lasting three to five days.
There is also the Mountain Festival, which is a traditional festival unique to the Qiang people, held on the first day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar every year. This is a kind of praying for a good year's activities, to this day, each family's roof inserted cedar branches, indoor shrines hung with paper cut flowers, lit pine light, cypress branches, worship the sky god "Mubi Tower". During the festival, sheep are slaughtered as offerings, and shamans play sheepskin drums and sing their own epics. On the same day, all the villagers, young and old, drink smack wine, sing songs and dance potshoops to pray for a good harvest.
The Qiang Folklore and Customs Dragon Dance and Lion Dance in the Spring Festival
The Dragon Dance and Lion Dance in the Spring Festival have a long history in Huizhou. Since ancient times, from the first day of the first month to the half of the first month (i.e. the fifteenth day of the first month), dragon and lion dance teams have been passing through the streets and alleys, bustling with activity every day, which is quite unique to Huizhou.
The traditional dragon dance, lion dance activities by the folk spontaneous composition, mostly a street a dragon, Wu Ban, village lion dance.
The folk dragon dance has a typical Guangdong style. The dragon danced by their own ZhaZhuang. The main skeleton of the dragon's head is made of bamboo, the exterior of the paper and lacquer, colored cloth for the dragon body, the whole dragon is up to 13 feet long, about 42 meters. Dragon dance, the front by the sun and moon, plaques, lanterns, color team (disguised as folk tales through the ages), arowana, phoenix, lion, miscellaneous water (fish, shrimp, crab, mussels, etc.) in front of the lead, and finally the living dragon. All the way to the drums and music, all the way to the drums and music, the number of people from the more, voluminous, through the streets and alleys, the city stirred. Where the dragon passes, from time to time, there are elders with children and grandchildren in the dragon's stomach to drill around, so-called "drill dragon frame", meaning that hope for the son of the dragon, the dragon dance "drill dragon frame", "hunting dragon public", The "Dragon Dance", "Dragon Hunting", "Dragon Stickers" and other folklore, quite a local flavor.
The folk lion dance has the same characteristics as the dragon dance. After the lion is tied up, it is paid to Yuanmiao Guan "open eyes", and "grab the green" activities. Early in the morning on the first day of the new year, the lion team by the master with a box to lead the way, lions, drums, cymbals and cymbals, holding a variety of cold weapons martial arts team in order to perform, wherever you go, shopkeepers, households, firecrackers to welcome, and seal the red envelopes, lively and bustling, and has been extended to the first month of the fifteenth to come to an end.
Dragon Boat Festival Dragon Boat Racing
Dragon Boat Festival, folk called "May Festival". Dragon boat race, Huizhou folk called "picking the dragon boat May Festival". Festival, grill dragon boat, dragon every year from the first to the sixth day of May on the lunar calendar, are held in the traditional dragon boat racing activities, after a thousand years, often flourishing.
Every year in the lunar calendar, "May Festival", more than the river full of water, "dragon boat water" so that the streets (villages) of the Dragon Boat Team doubled the interest. May Festival in the past, in the Dongjiang River, completed the pre-race ceremony of the dragon boat team along the river in batches to hold a dragon boat race. The participating dragon boats first went down the river, then up against the water, and finally sprinted to determine the winners and losers. The prizes are mostly huajiang (bamboo skewers hanging the whole cloth with tissue paper pasted all over), and those who set up the prizes are mostly local merchants and tycoons. Winners of the "flower river" inserted in the bow of the boat, along the river, for the honor.
Mid-Autumn Festival
Every year on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar is the traditional Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a large-scale festival second only to the Spring Festival.
In order to have a good Mid-Autumn Festival, the folk start the preparation of the festival one month from the festival sheep, buy moon cakes (a kind of white cake made of white glutinous rice flour and white sugar), wind corn, rhombus, table elephants, red persimmons, taro, pomelo, peanuts and other eatables, and of course, the essential thing for every family is the mooncake and lanterns.
On the day of the Mid-Autumn Festival, people who have traveled far away from home each return to the home of the oldest person in the family to have a reunion dinner, telling their families what they have done so far this year and what they want to achieve next, and those who have been in charge for a long time say more good words (words of encouragement). When the moon rises, the family opens mooncakes and lights lanterns together to begin the annual moon viewing.
With the development of the times, folk moonlight viewing activities are going from the court to the public **** place. At present, the scale of the Pinghu moon and Tangquan moon two places.
Chung Yeung Festival climbing, kite flying
Every year, the first nine days of the ninth lunar month for the Chung Yeung Festival. It is a custom to climb up and fly kites in the festival.
According to folklore, climbing on the Chongyang Festival can bring good luck to the climbers, and climbing for three consecutive years can bring good fortune. From the sense of physical exercise to shield, Chongyang Festival climbing does have its unique benefits. Chrysanthemum Festival when the early autumn, autumn high cool, this time to climb, physical and mental gains are not usually comparable to both exercise, enhance physical fitness, to the top of this mountain, lifting the eyes far away, the mountains and rivers in full view, people's spirit, mood.
Now, every year, the most spectacular Chanyang Festival climbing Luofu Mountain, Jiulongfeng, Xiangtou Mountain, the city's high list of mountains, Fengshan, etc., especially located in Boro Luofu Mountain, every year, the night before the Chanyang Festival (the eighth of September on the Lunar Calendar) more than 100,000 people from the city's counties and Dongguan, Zengcheng, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, the ascension of the Luofu Mountain's peak one after another to the top of the top of the fly to the top of the mountain, the people waiting for the sunrise of the people in the summit sat around, and each other! Blessing. Sunrise, fireworks, firecrackers resounded to the sky, and the rising sun mingled together, quite spectacular, according to the relevant departments of statistics, in recent years to Luofu mountain climbing the number of people every year there are more than 100,000 up to more than three hundred thousand, so that Luofu mountain climbing to become the Lingnan Chung Yeung Festival event.
The Chrysanthemum Harrier is a relatively unique custom. The ballad sings: September 9, is a heavy sun; release the harrier, line love long. According to China's traditional habits, kite flying is generally more in the clear time. Due to the climate ...... >>
The Qiang people's living customs Find Baidu Encyclopedia The towers are used by the Qiang people to protect themselves from the enemy and to store food and firewood, and they are usually built next to the village houses. The height of the towers ranges from 10 to 30 meters, and there are several kinds of towers in the shape of four corners, six corners and eight corners, some of them are as high as thirteen or fourteen floors. Diaolou building materials are stone chips and yellow clay. The base of the wall is 1.35 meters deep, built with stone chips. Stone wall inside and the ground perpendicular to the outside from the bottom up slightly tilted inward. It was constructed without drawing, hanging lines, or post supports, and was built with great skill and experience. In 1988, an ancient castle site of Ming Dynasty, Yongping Fort, was found in Yongan Village, Qiang Township, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, which is still well-preserved after hundreds of years of wind and rain. The Qiang dwellings are flat-roofed houses made of stone chips, square in shape, most of which are 3-storey, with each storey more than 3 meters high. The bottom of the roof platform is a wooden board or stone board, which extends out of the wall to form the eaves. Planks or slabs covered with dense tree or bamboo branches, and then covered with loess and chicken manure tamping, about 0.35 meters thick, there are holes and grooves to draw water, do not leak rain and snow, warm in winter and cool in summer. Rooftop platform is threshing, sunshine grain, do needlework and children old people play rest site. Some of the buildings are built with over-street buildings to facilitate transportation. In addition, the Qiang area has high mountains and dangerous water, in order to facilitate transportation, more than 1400 years ago, the Qiang people created the rope lift. Both sides of the building stone masonry cave door, the door to set up stone pillars or large wooden pillars, columns hanging arm thick bamboo rope, less than a few, more than a few 10. Bamboo rope on the wooden boards, set up on both sides of the lift surface more than 1 meter above the bamboo rope handrail. [3]
Edit the Qiang songs and dances
The Qiang people are good at singing and dancing, and the folk saying is "no song, no dance". According to Wenchuan County Records, the Qiang people "have funeral songs and dance with each other to show their sadness and happiness. Qiang music is primitive and simple, belonging to our national tuning, to five, six mainly.
[4] Songs in the pentatonic scale include five modes with Gong, Shang, Horn, Zheng, and Feather as the tonal keynote (starting and ending notes). In addition, there are some special pentatonic scales, such as 徵羽, 變宫, 商, 清角, and Gong, 商, 角, 清角, 徵, but they are rarely used. The six-tone scale is more widely used in Qiang folk songs. In songs using the six-tone scale formed by the alternation of the two five-tone scales of 徵, 羽, Gong, 商角 and徵, 羽, Gong, 商, 清角, the horn and the clear horn do not appear simultaneously in a phrase or a section, and there are only four modes with Gong, 商,徵, 羽 as the tonal dominant (the starting and ending tones). In folk songs, the complete seven-tone scale is used less often, and generally the seven tones are formed by alternating and transposing with the five-tone scale or six-tone scale, so the songs using the seven tones still have the color of the five-tone scale. The basic features of the Qiang dance include the preservation of the original music and dance style of roughness and simplicity, mostly
is performed in folk religious rituals, dancers not only through the dance to please the gods and spirits of the ancestors, but also to be able to entertain themselves to the accompaniment of sheepskin drums, hand bells and other percussion instruments, to deepen the people's worship of the gods and the mystique of the people; the dance performance and the lyrics of the content of the song does not have a direct link to the dance, most of the dances are used to song. Most of the dances use songs to promote the cycle of dance steps; the same phrase is led by men and women, the movements are completely repeated, and the strength and weakness of the rhythms are skillfully coordinated with the combination of the ups and downs of the dance chorus. The Qiang dances are diversified and rich in content. What kind of dances are performed on what kind of occasions have certain procedures according to the requirements of function and etiquette. The Qiang dance can be divided into four kinds according to its form and function: entertainment, ritual, ceremonial and *** sex. "Salang" means "singing up, shaking up", and this dance is the most prevalent and popularized in the Qiang area, which is a very ancient self-entertainment dance. The music of "Salang" is cheerful and smooth, with jumping and bright rhythm and rich lyrics. The dance can be carried out indoors and outdoors, male and female, not limited to the number of people around the fire or a circle of the yard, not closed, to the counterclockwise side of the song and dance. At the beginning, the first men and women sing a dance song, and then *** with the dance, the speed of slow to fast, jump to the intense, the leading man to speed up the dance, take the lead in exchanging a variety of different dance movements, or legs alternately heavy pedal, or left and right rotating, men and women competing with each other, the atmosphere is gradually warm. Dance to *** time, the man called "scared feed", the woman should be and "Yo Hey!" A song ends here, and then changes to a new dance song and pace. "Xi Cu Bu" in the southern dialect has "do the banquet dance" means, is the folk in the funeral, rituals held after the banquet ritual dance, there is no fixed performance procedures. In addition, there are also "Washichema" and "Gangdeligaku," which reflect the joyous mood after a good harvest, and "Shikyuuqui," which praises the decorations. The music of "Xijubu" has a slow tune. ...... >>
Local Festivals in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture Local Festivals International Panda Festival Yak and Yak Culture Festival Zambala Festival Zachong Festival Yadun Festival Xianglong Festival Mountain Festival Sydney Festival Huanglong Temple Festival Morang Festival Flower Watching Festival
What are the Qiang customs? The Qiang are one of the oldest ethnic groups in China. The Qiang were the first sheep-herding people in the Hehuang area, and later migrated to the east and south. They are one of the main sources of the Huaxia ethnic group, and also one of the main sources of the Shu ethnic group in ancient times, as well as the Tibetans and the Yi ethnic group in today's world. Most of them have merged into the Han and other ethnic minorities, but only in the Minshan region of Sichuan has there remained the only Qiang settlement in the country, including Mao County, Wenchuan, Lixian, Heishui and Songpan in Aba Prefecture, and Beichuan County in Mianyang City. Among them, Mao County has the largest concentration of Qiangs, accounting for 60% of the total Qiang population.
The Qiang people have a unique material culture and ethnic customs, which have lasted for thousands of years, and have been called a "living fossil" in the history of the evolution of Chinese ethnic groups. The most distinctive features of the Qiangs are the towers, the palisades and the zip lines which are still in existence today. Watchtower in the Qiang language called "Qiongcang", "are living in the mountains stop, base stone for the room, high to more than ten feet", the famous Mao County, Heihu Township group of watchtowers, Ming Jiajing years of construction of Taoping watchtowers. Trail in the Qiang region is characterized by precipitous, the remains of the trail around the field in Mao County, rumored to be the ancestor of the Shu people's legacy of Silkworm. The ancient name of the zip line is "narrow", which is a bamboo rope used to cross the river, and the Qiang center area of Mao County has the ancient setting of "Rope State", whose name is derived from the rope bridge of the ancient Qiang. Among the existing historical relics, the "Yuanyang Slide" is the most famous one, which is more than 100 meters long across the river.
The Qiang area is rich in history and culture. There are cultural relics from the Neolithic period, and the remains of the Silkworm and Yu. "There are cultural relics from the Neolithic period, such as silkworms and relics of Dayu. The birthplace of Dayu is commemorated in Wenchuan Rou'erping, Shigu Township in Mao County (formerly known as Shi Niu Township) and Shi Niu Township in Beichuan. The name of the county town of Mao County, Fengyi Town, is also derived from the old saying, "The phoenix comes to the town", which is an ode to Dayu. In Weicheng Township of Mao County, there is a legend that Jiang Wei, a general of Shu Han Dynasty, built Weicheng. The ancient sericulture town of Dixi was transformed into the beautiful Earthquake Lake due to the earthquake.
The Qiang folklore is also very unique. The White Stone is still worshipped by the Qiangs, and the White Stone is worshipped in every Qiang village. The Qiang flute has been passed down from the ancient times, the songs and dances are joyful and affectionate, and the Qiang costumes have a unique charm. Famous festivals of the Qiang people include the Qiang Calendar Year, the Mountain Festival, the Cow King Festival, and recreational activities such as dancing the Sharon Dance, climbing the Sky Pole, shooting the animal buns, and putting on the rope sets. Other activities, such as flower embroidery, Yunyunwa, and drinking smack wine, can make people enjoy the unique flavor of Qiang culture. The Qiang region is rich in pepper, "Mao pepper" is still an important seasoning for cooking Sichuan cuisine.
Three Erma Qiang Culture
(1) Traditional Festivals:
The first day of the 10th lunar month is the Qiang New Year, in which the Qiang people gather in their own costumes to dance the potlatch, and there are also some ceremonial activities.
To "gratitude", "blessings", "harmony" as the theme of the 2009 Qiang "Oh Tho "Celebration in Mao County, Qu Valley held on January 30 (the fifth day of the first month of the lunar calendar), Aba County, Mao County, Qu Valley Township, Heba Village, Qiang flute melodious, firecrackers, oboe sound, gongs and drums, more than 2,000 people gathered in the township here, singing and dancing, excited, **** celebration of the annual Qiang "Rotho "Festival, praying for a new year of wind and rain, happiness and well-being, the country and the people in peace.
"Russia Tho" means the fifth day of the first month of the lunar calendar, is the Qiang village hunting festival, also known as the men's festival. The reporter learned that the Qu Valley Township is the Qiang language standard sound point (Qiang Mandarin) and the national intangible cultural heritage "Val O'Tho" inheritance, is the Qiang language, clothing, food, village layout, residential buildings, customs, etiquette and festivals, folk art, handicrafts, and other Qiang culture preserved intact in the administrative township. In this remote mountain valley, there are the Collar Song Festival ("Val-O-Foot", also called Women's Festival) and Hunting Festival (also called Men's Festival), which have been passed down for thousands of years, with Yin and Yang complementing each other, and the strong and soft complementing each other, constituting the same theme as the one of the ****: to be grateful for all the benefits given to the life and exhorting people to respect the nature, and to seek for the innate truth and serenity of unity of the heavenly beings, and there is the Hongmuji Pagoda, which has lasted for a thousand years. The thousand-year-old Hong Mu Ky pagoda, where people annually hold "Oh Tho" celebrations.
As it is now prohibited to kill wild animals, so the wisdom of the Qiang people through the use of flour burned animal-shaped buns to hunt in honor of the Qiang in a god, in fact, is a person, because the Qiang people worship him too much, his respect.
The hunting festival when the virtuous old man to take the sacred fire to return victoriously.
On the morning of the fifth day of the first month, they went to the mountain a sacred tree there to take the sacred fire, they use white stone friction to make fire.
One of the white stones is a sacred relic of the Qiang tribe, which is placed on top of the houses.
The Qiang walled houses are built with stone towers, square ...... >>
What are the Qiang customs? The Qiang have their own language, which belongs to the Qiang branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The Qiang people who speak this language call themselves "Rimai", "Mai", "Ergao", "Erma", "Ma", "Ma", "Ma", "Ma", "Ma" and "Ma". ", "Ma", these are phonological variations of the same name in different regions, the population of Qiang language is about 120,000 people. The Qiang language is distributed in Mao County, Wenchuan, Li County, Songpan, and Heishui in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, in addition to a very small portion in the northwestern part of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Mianyang City, and Damba County in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.
After investigation and research, it is confirmed that the Qiang language can be divided into two major dialects, North and South. The main feature of the divergence of the two dialects is that most of the southern dialects have tones, which have the effect of distinguishing word meanings and morphology, while the northern dialects do not have tones, but have richer compound consonant rhyme endings. The basic vocabulary of the two dialects is the same, and although there are some differences in the pronunciation of these words, there are strict laws of phonetic correspondence. The grammatical expressions of the northern dialects are more complex, and morphological devices are used to express grammatical laws more often than in the southern dialects. There are less differences within the northern dialects and more differences within the southern dialects. The northern dialects are close to the Tibetan area and use more Tibetan loanwords and words reflecting the life in the pastoral area, while the southern dialects are close to the Han area and use more Chinese loanwords and words reflecting the life in the agricultural area, and they can also have the same order as Chinese in the spoken language. The northern dialect has 9 kinds of native languages such as Zhenping, Qugu, Huilong, Heihu, Weimen, Weigu, Zimulin, Mawu, Luhua, etc.; and the southern dialect has 6 kinds of native languages such as Yanmen, Longxi, Mianchi, Puxi, Mukah, Taoping, etc.
The northern dialect is mainly distributed in the northern part of Mao County, Chibusu District, Comparison Field District, the central part of Shaba District, Heihu Township, Yonghe Township, most of Heishui County, the Zhenjiang District of Songpan County, Thermal Service District, and part of Beichuan Qiang Zizhixian.In the 1980s, the population of the northern dialect was about 90,000 people. It is characterized by the fact that most of the areas have trills, compound consonants are relatively rich, the unit sounds are divided into long and short, rolled and unrolled tongue, there are rich consonant rhyme endings, rhymes with consonant rhyme endings are also more, there are stresses, there is no tone, light and heavy tones in the construction of words, formations, etc., there are many phonological change phenomena in the construction of words or forms such as weakening of the consonants, transposition, alternation, harmony of the vowels, shedding, increase, etc. The northern dialect pronouns do not have the grammatical category of "frame", and the demonstrative pronouns can only be used as sentence components alone, and the verbs have the grammatical categories of person, number, time, state, body, and style.
The southern dialect is mainly distributed in Tonghua District, Xuecheng District, Weizhou District and Mianchi District of Wenchuan, and in the 1980s, there were about 33,000 people speaking the southern dialect. The southern dialects are characterized by the absence of the fricative [r], most of which are pronounced as [dz] or [l], fewer compound consonants, and most of the compound consonants of the northern dialects are pronounced as single consonants in the southern dialects, which are voiced and serve to differentiate between word meanings and morphology, and are not accented. The vocabulary varies greatly from place to place within the southern dialects, and the proportion of homonyms is small compared to the northern dialects.
Now, the southern dialect areas of the common Qiang and Han two languages, along the highway, in addition to the elderly, strong people can still speak Qiang, young people will speak Qiang less and less Dan. In the northern dialect areas and remote mountainous regions, the Qiang language is still widely spoken. The history of Qiang wine-making is also very long, one of the reasons is that a group of ancient Qiang people were first engaged in agriculture. The second reason is that "Yu was founded in the Western Qiang", and the saint of wine-making in China, Yidi, was a minister of Yu, and Dukang is a descendant of Yu. All Qiang men have a large amount of alcohol, so although they like to drink a lot, they seldom get drunk and cause trouble. The unique way of drinking is to drink smack wine. The wine is brewed from barley, barley and corn, sealed in an altar, and when drinking it, it is opened, filled with boiling water, inserted into a bamboo pipe, and the people take turns sucking on it, which is called "smacking wine". The people take turns sucking it, which is called "smack wine". While drinking, they add water until the flavor is bland. Drinking first by the presence of the oldest speak four words and eight rhyming auspicious words, as a "toast", and then take turns smacking according to the age of the young. The peers drink smack wine together, can each insert a long bamboo pipe in the altar, drink at the same time. There is a poem to prove it: "Ten thousand pearls are collected in one altar, and the princes and generals bow their heads. With two hands holding the pillar towards the sky, the Yellow River flows backward."
The Qiang people also have the "Chongyang Wine" and "Yu Mai Steamed Wine". Children and women often drink sweet wine with honey.
The Qiang people have a population of about 200,000 in Sichuan. They call themselves Ermai and Ermai. They are mainly found in the upper reaches of Minjiang River in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in northwest Sichuan, in Mao County, Wenchuan, Lixian County, Heishui County, Songpan County and Beichuan County under Mianyang City. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, the ancient Qiang people migrated from the northwest to the southwest. One of them moved to the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, after which a number of Qiang tribes moved southward and, after a long period of integration, evolved into the Qiang people of today. In the Qin Dynasty, the Qiang people had set up a road, and in the Han Dynasty, the Wenshan County was set up, and in the following dynasties, there were prefectures and counties. In the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the Tusi system was practiced in the Qiang area, and in the Qing Dynasty, the system was changed to that of a roving official. In 1935, the Red Army of China's Workers and Peasants passed through the Qiang District on its Long March and created the soviet regime. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, one autonomous prefecture and 21 Qiang townships were established jointly with the Tibetans. The Qiang language belongs to the Qiang branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Chinese characters are commonly used. The system of monogamy is practiced. They believe in the primitive religion of animism and ancestor worship, and the gods are symbolized by white stones. There is smack wine brewed for festivals. Rural Qiang people like to wear linen or cotton long shirt, jacket sheepskin coat, building houses based on the mountain stone, towers more than ten feet high, the ancient name "Qionglong". Specializing in digging wells and building boarding bridges. Women are good at flower picking and embroidery. Line cremation, earth burial and water burial. They are mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. Mythological stories such as "The Opening of Heaven and Earth", "The Great Battle of Qiangge", and "Douanzhu and Muzizhu" have been passed down in folklore. The popular potzhuang dance is called "jumping salang". The Qiang flute used is famous in ancient and modern times.
Diet
Pig fat is a traditional Qiang food. It is popular in Mao County, Wenchuan, Beichuan and other places. The pig is strangled to death, the meat is divided into strips, salted for three to seven days, and then hung on the roof beams to dry. The gold wrapped in silver is also a traditional food of the Qiang people.
Beliefs
White Stone Worship The Qiang beliefs and customs. It is popular in Mao County, Wenchuan, Li County and Beichuan. The Qiangs believe in many deities, but none of them have bronze statues. The white stone is the symbol of the Qiangs' beliefs, which is offered to the pagodas on the roofs, the shrines in the houses, the fire pits, the hills outside the villages, and the forests of the Qiangs. The white stone on the roof represents the god of heaven, the white stone next to the fire pit represents the god of fire, the white stone on the hill represents the god of heaven, and the white stone in the field represents the god of the land of green seedlings. Some people have more than one white stone on the roof, which represents not only the God of Heaven, but also other deities. The Qiang people often pray to the white stone to wish for life, burning incense and worship.
Searching for rain The Qiangs believe in this custom. If there is a drought, the Qiangs will hold a ceremony to search the mountains for rain. At that time, people are forbidden to go up to the mountain for hunting, chopping wood, digging medicine and so on, and will be condemned or beaten up. If there is still no rain, then go to the top of the mountain to hold a rain ceremony.
The Qiang beliefs and customs. Every Qiang village has a sacred grove at the back of the mountain, which is regarded as the place of the God of the Mountain. It is forbidden to cut down the forest, and it is not allowed to graze or cut grass in it, and the villages hold regular rituals.
Jumping Armor The Qiang beliefs and customs. It is also called the Great Funeral Dance. It is performed during the funeral of a meritorious general. The participants are usually a few to a dozen people, wearing leather armor and holding weapons. First, they dance in a circle and then form two rows to face each other, with the weapons flying, the copper inscriptions clanking and the roars shaking the sky to show the mighty spirit of the deceased in the battle.
The Qiangzi (Cataracts) custom. When the eyes are bruised by plant branches or other causes of discomfort, tearing, or white obstacles appearing in the eyeballs, commonly known as cataracts, the Qiang can ask Duan Gong to resolve the problem.
Fighting with oil and fire The Qiang leaders believe in this custom. When there are strange shadows or strange happenings in the house, Duan Gong is invited to perform this ritual to drive away the evil spirits. At that time, the Qiangs will boil oil in a bowl and put a spoon in the bowl. At the same time, a torch is lit and a bowl of cold water is set aside. A spoonful of hot oil is poured over the torch, and then cold water is sprinkled on top of the torch, which explodes and snaps violently, and then cold water is sprinkled on top of the torch, which explodes and snaps violently. Duan Gong walked through the rooms with the torch in his hand and finally came to the door. In this way, the evil demon was expelled from the house.
Treading on the Qiang's head. This is a Qiang custom. When you are suffering from stomachache or bloating, you have to ask Tuan Kung to perform this ritual to cure your illness. Generally speaking, the Qiangs will put the head of a spade in the fire to burn red, and then quench a bowl of water for the patient to drink. In case of serious illness, the patient must sleep flat on the bed or next to the fire, the end of the public will be burning the red head of the share out, barefoot dance on it, and then put his feet on the patient's abdomen, from the bottom to the top of the gently rubbed three times.
Yang Thigh Bone Divination The Qiang beliefs and customs. It is performed by the Duan Gong to divine the luck, cause of illness, the luck of the pedestrians, the year's fortune, and the victory or defeat of the war, etc. The Qiang bone must be taken from the sacrificial sheep, and it is usually taken after the sheep is slaughtered and before it is boiled.
Dwelling
Carved room for the Qiang traditional residential. It is also known as carved building. ...... >>