Author: Bing Xin
The tender green treetops glistened with golden light,
and the square became an ocean!
A group of barefoot children in the water,
happy as if they were gods.
The little brother stamped hard on the water,
splashing it as high as he could.
He shouted, "Sis, watch out, slippery!"
Saying this he slipped a cross himself!
He patted his watery, muddy pants,
and mouthed, "Crap - crap!"
And his red, jubilant face
fired with excitement and pride.
The little sister, pouting with two short, thick pigtails,
followed closely behind these muddy pants,
biting her lip,
lifting her skirts,
running gently and carefully,
while in her heart she wished that she,
had taken such a painful fall as well!
Children's Poetry Encyclopedia Card
Children's poetry refers to poems that are suitable for children to listen to, recite, and read, with children as the main recipients. It should be in line with the psychological and aesthetic characteristics of children, including both adult poets for children's poems, but also for children's poems for the lyric. Children's poetry is a branch of poetry, because it is subject to the constraints of the psychological characteristics of specific readers, so the content of life reflected in the artistic conception, the development of associations and imagination, the use of literary language, etc., must be in line with the age of children's characteristics, must be the children's enjoyable. In this way, it can play its own unique role in cultivating children's good moral character, ideological sentiment, stimulating and enriching their imagination and thinking ability, especially in cultivating children's healthy aesthetic sense and art appreciation.
Table of Contents[Hide]
Characteristics of Children's Poetry
Children's Poetry (1) Full of Children's Emotions
(2) Children's Rich Imagination
(3) Novel and Ingenious Conceptions
(4) Innocent and Essential Language
(5) Childish and Beautiful Context
Categorization of Children's Poetry Lyric Poetry
Narrative Poetry
Fairy Tale Poetry
Fable Poetry
Satirical Poetry
Prose Poetry
Scientific Poetry
Recitation Poetry
Title Poetry
Difference from Children's Songs
Writing Method of Children's PoetryOpen Metaphor
Concealed Metaphor
Parade Actions
Platitudes
Anaphora
Facsimile of Voice
Assumption
Exaggeration
Questioning
Overlapping
Story Poetry
Call-out
Dialogical
Contrasting
Characteristics of Children's Poetry (a) Full of Children's Emotions
(2) Childlike rich imagination
(3) Novel and ingenious ideas
(4) Innocent and refined language
(5) Childish and beautiful mood
Classification of children's poems Lyric poems
Narrative poems
Fairy tale poems
Fables
Satirical poems
Prose Poetry
Scientific Poetry
Recitation Poetry
Title Poetry
Differences from Children's Songs
Writing Methods of Children's Poetry Explicit Metaphors
Unspoken Metaphors
References to Parade
Parables
Anagrams
Simile of Voice
Presumptions
Hyperbole
Questioning
Overlapping
Story Poetry
Calling out
Dialogue
Contrasting
[Edit]Characteristics of Children's Poetry
(1) Full of Children's Emotions
Lyricity is the fundamental way of reflecting the life of poetry. Children's poetry is no exception. However, because of the special nature of its readers, it is required that the emotion of the poem must be expressed from the depths of the children's hearts and minds, and realistically convey the children's beautiful feelings, kind wishes, and interesting feelings, in order to stir up the feelings of the young readers***sound. For example, Saint Wild's "summer brother" is a poem full of childish passion to describe the summer green, the poet likened the summer to the green children who love to climb the pole, and heartily praised him for bringing us "what a lovely green color!" On the surface, the poet is praising the green vitality of nature, but in fact he is praising the students who are diligently reading books in the window sprinkled with green shade for the sake of the four modernizations of the motherland,......, which are the real green scenery of summer. This not only allows children to be inspired by the beauty, but also adds to the children's desire for knowledge, the love of life, the responsibility of society.
Children's poems express children's feelings, often overflowing with children's interest, not only can the children get care and pleasure from it, but also can bring adult readers back to the children's heart of the scene, revisit the childhood dream. For example, the work "Fourteen, Blue Harbor" (Knee Yuxu), which won the "Chen Bobuo Children's Literature Prize", writes about children's understanding of love at this particular age, their heart and innocence, differences in their character, the longing in their hearts, as well as their ideals and adventurous spirit, etc., and the emotions are expressed in a natural, pertinent, vivid and interesting way. Among them, there is this verse: "To say that the boy is brave is really brave, is the gun flying also do not blink; To say that the girl is timid is really timid, see the bean worms a jump far away. I wish there were a few more exclamation points to impress the adults, but the question marks in my head are never straight, and the odd questions often make it difficult for the teachers. ...... "The poet in the humor of the description, the children's unique inner world and emotional activities to vent, so that people feel that this is the lively and happy children have, full of children's interest overflowing in the words.
It should be noted that children's poems are full of children's interest is inherent in children's lives, but it is the children's poets who pick up the discovery and make a figurative depiction, rather than the raw added ingredients.
(2) Children's rich imagination
Children are the most imaginative and associative, and they always use their creative imagination to recognize and interpret all things in the world. In the world they poetize through their imagination, flowers laugh, birds sing, grass dances, and fish talk ....... Therefore, children's poetry must be in line with the rich imagination of the children's psychology to create a beautiful mood, express the children's childlike interest, so that the children in the wonderful and colorful world, spreading the wings of the imagination, feel the purpose of the poem. This requires children's poems to use the heart and children's dialog in the world of imagination. For example, Shao Yanxiang's children's poem Little Children's Tales: "In the south of the clouds, / that faraway place, / a group of leaves say: we want / to open up like a flower. / A group of flowers say: We want to fly / like birds. / A flock of peacocks says: We want to grow / like trees. ......" The opening line of the poem triggers the young readers from the reality to the "faraway place" in their imagination and completes the "leafy flower" in their imagination, The poem's opening line triggers the young reader from reality to a "distant place" in the imagination, where he or she can recreate the beautiful images of "leafy flowers", "little butterflies" and "peacock cedars", and develop a wealth of reverie. However, the poet's intention is not only here, but to continue to spread the wings of imagination together with the children, and to realize the poetic meaning from the objects to the people. The "distant place" is "the village of the Dai family", and "the flowers, butterflies and peacock cedars / all turn into little girls", returning to the reality from the world of imagination, and the beautiful image of the Dai family's little girl still needs to be further developed by the young readers. The beautiful image of the Dai family girl still needs the young readers to further associate with it and get aesthetic enjoyment from it
(3) Novel and ingenious conception
The emotion expressed by children's poems is far inferior to that of adult poems in terms of richness and profundity, which is decided by the children's emotional characteristics. How can you express your feelings and create a unique effect on the emotional level that is not very broad? This depends mainly on the novelty and ingenuity of the idea. This kind of conception, which depends on life accumulation and childlike imagination, determines the artistic level of children's poems to a large extent. For example, Ren Sol's "Dad's Teacher" is not very creative in the emotional excavation of similar themes, but it is still a model work of similar themes. The secret lies in the fact that the author has created a novel and skillful mode of conceptualization to achieve a unique effect of expression. Another example is Shulan's Bugs and Birds: "I put my mother's washed socks, / one by one on a string, / and the string became a polypus, / crawling around in the sunlight. / I clip my sister's washed handkerchiefs, / one by one, to the string, / and the string becomes a flock of egrets, / fluttering and fluttering in the breeze." Bold imagery based on life, relying on the ingenious conception of such imagery, transforms ordinary phenomena of life into a childlike wonder and residual beauty.
(4) Innocent and refined language
Poetry is the art of language. Deep thoughts and distinctive images can only become poems if they are expressed in condensed, figurative and expressive language. Children's poetry should provide excellent conditions for children to learn to master the language, so that children can learn the language, enrich the vocabulary, improve their ability to master the language, appreciate the language, and at the same time get the enjoyment of beauty in a beautiful language environment. For example, Liu Rao Min's "Song of the Sea" in "The Sea Sleeps": "The wind does not make trouble, / the waves do not smile. Late at night, / the sea sleeps. She carries the moon, / She carries the stars. / The soft sound of the tide, / is its sleepy snore." In a few words, the quiet and peaceful sea is shown in front of the reader, and the anthropomorphic technique, with extremely precise wording "holding", "carrying", "snoring" image depicts The sea, the "mother", is a beautiful body when she is asleep. By frequently reciting these poems, children can not only improve their aesthetic ability, but also learn and improve their ability to master and appreciate language.
The beautiful language of children's poems, in addition to accurate and appropriate refinement of the words, the rhythm of the poem's sound should be more musical, that is, the rhythms of the poem's sound should have an aesthetic effect. Mr. Zhu Guangqian, an expert in aesthetics, said, "The most direct expression of emotion is the rhythm of sound, and literary meaning comes second. Literary meaning can not express the mood can often be expressed in the rhythm of sound." (Zhu Guangqian's Selected Essays on Aesthetics and Literature)
The musicality of children's poems is mainly expressed in rhyme and rhythm. Through the change of rhymes and the staggering of sentences, children of different ages are taken care of, and at the same time the poems can be made to have a strong sense of music and rhythm, forming the beauty of the whole poem in a neat and tidy loop. The younger the child, the more neatly the rhymes of the children's poems should be read. For example, "Little Bear Crossing the Bridge" (Jiang Yingwu), which is mainly read by young children, rhymes with "ao" to the end; the distinctive rhythm of Wangan's "Tili, Tili" and Lu Bing's "Hole on the Chin", etc., all of which give people a bright feeling of reading a poem as if it is sung, and make the children get a sense of beauty in addition to the excitement.
(E) Childish and beautiful mood
The combination of feelings and images constitutes the mood of the poem. Context is the same children's poetry should be deliberately created, and should create a childish and beautiful mood as the goal. It is often said that "the scene is blended", that is, the feelings of the poem should be attached to the image. Only when the real children's feelings are expressed implicitly through images, instead of shouting abstractly, this kind of children's poetry has a childish and beautiful mood, and it can also touch the children. For example, Liu Rao Min's "The Moon": "The moon in the sky is full and round, / Shining in the sea like a jade disk. A school of fish swam over, and the disk broke into two or three pieces. The fish were so frightened that they fled, / all the way to the rocks. / Looking back, / the moon is still full." In the static scenery of the moon shining on the sea, through the dynamic addition of the fish's "escape" and "look", in the exquisite conception, to create a group of small fish playing in the water to watch the moon's beautiful mood, both fairy tale-like realm, but also a lot of childish fun.
[Edit Paragraph]Classification of Children's Poetry
In the division of categories, children's poetry is largely similar to general poetry, and can be classified from different angles. From the aspect of the use of means of expression, it can be divided into two categories: lyric poetry and narrative poetry. From the point of view of rhyme and line division, they can be divided into two categories: rhymed poems and prose poems. However, because of the broader coverage of children's poetry, it often embraces other styles and contents of children's literature in the shell of poetry. Therefore, children's poetry can be divided into fairy tale poems, fable poems, scientific poems, story poems, satirical poems, title poems and so on. The following are some of the main forms of children's poetry in different classifications.
Lyric Poetry
Lyric poetry is a literary style in which the author directly expresses his inner thoughts and feelings in the tone of the main character and creates imagery. This kind of poem is generally not based on the character of action or story lyricism, and there is no complete character portrayal of description, but the lyrical protagonist of the heart of the direct disclosure, self-color obvious. Adolescent children are more inclined to this most lyrical personality of the literary style. For example, Qiao Yu's "Let's Swing the Oars", Ke Yan's "My Grandfather", "Seed's Dream", Tang Qi's "Little Stream", Yang Call's "Home", and Gao Fan's "I Saw the Wind", etc., are all lyrical poems favored by children's readers.
Narrative Poetry
Narrative poetry is a literary style that uses the language of poetry to express the interconnectedness of characters or events through a particular life scene, create a beautiful mood, and truly express emotions.
Narrative poetry mostly relies on plots or characters to unfold the sequence of poems, but it does not necessarily require the integrity of the storyline, and the structure of the plot allows for greater jumps, and it is to write about people and events with strong poetic feelings. The famous poet Guo Xiaochuan once said that the three elements of "curiosity, beauty, and emotion" are "all needed for a good narrative poem", because children like to read small narrative poems with characters and plots. The "strange" refers to the clever plot arrangement in the narrative poem; the "beauty" refers to the poem to use the essence of language, vivid images to form a beautiful mood; the "love" refers to the poem to express the fullness of emotion, with the fullness of the emotions The "love" means that the poem expresses the full emotion and has a full of love and interest. Li Ji's "Three Sides of a Teenager", Ren Sol Sol's "Dad's Teacher", Ke Yan's "The Secret of the Hat", Jin Jin's "Good Hunter on Tianmu Mountain" and so on can be called the masterpieces of narrative poems.
Fairy Tale Poetry
Fairy Tale Poetry is the work of narrating fairy tales (or legends) rich in fantasy and exaggeration in the form of poems. It is a combination of fairy tale and poem. Fairy tale poetry is usually considered to be a style unique to children's poetry. At the same time, it is a popular literary style among pre-school and early school-age children. A poet said: "I often want to fill my poems with the fantastic colors of fairy tales, and I also often want to make the fantastic world of fairy tales have the meaning of poetry. I love the fairy tale of poetry, and I love the poetry of fairy tale." (Zhang Qiusheng)
In fairy tale poems, there are fairy tale poems based on folk tales and folklore, such as Ruan Zhangjing's The Golden Conch and Xiong Sesheng's The Horse Lotus; and there are also fairy tale poems that unfold fantasies on the basis of the plot of the real life, such as Rabindranath Tagore's In the Dusk of Dawn, Sheng Ye's Bamboo Encounter, and Kne Yuxu's Forest Fairy Tale.
Fable Poetry
Fable Poetry
Fable Poetry is also known as poetic allegory, which is mainly characterized by its thought-provoking and distinctive moral (philosophy or lesson), and it is a poem that narrates in the form of a fable. 17th-century French La Fontaine, and 19th-century Russian Krylov wrote a large number of fable poems popular among children and teenagers, including Gao Hongbo's The Fly on the Train, and Zhang Qiusheng's Snail That Pulls Relationships. The Snail That Pulls the Strings" by Zhang Qiusheng is a representative masterpiece.
Satirical poems
Satirical poems are humorous children's poems that use metaphors and hyperbole to hint at and criticize certain undesirable phenomena in children's lives, and to guide children to compare and reflect on themselves. This kind of poems, or directly write children's wrong behavior and consequences, or cleverly point out one or two of their faults and shortcomings, or intentionally exaggerated narrative of some of their bad habits and the ridiculous end, so that children in the smile to see their own, be inspired, and cause alarm. For example, Ren Sol's satirical poem "Qiangqiang Wearing Clothes" depicts the slow movement of Qiangqiang's dressing with extreme exaggeration: he wakes up in the morning to put on his clothes, and wears them all the way to the evening. It satirically mocks the habit of some children to play while doing something.
There is a clear difference between children's satire and general satire. In children's poetry, the target of satire is children, so most of the satire is kind and gentle. It is different from the general satirical poems, which are mostly aimed at some kind of abnormal phenomenon in social life, some kind of people's bad deeds or the enemy's kind of bitter and harsh, pinpointing, and even no room for maneuvering satire.
Prose Poetry
Prose poetry is a literary style between poetry and prose, which has the mood of poetry and the form of prose. It focuses on natural rhythm and musical beauty, is short and often philosophical, and is not divided into lines or rhymed like prose. For example, Guo Feng's Let's Sing White Clouds, Milky Way ...... is a set of exquisite prose poems. In addition the great Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore also wrote a number of excellent children's prose poems, like the Golden Flower, Paper Boat, The School of Flowers, When I Send You Colorful Toys, and so on.
Scientific Poetry
Scientific poetry refers to scientific literature written in the style of poetry. It is mainly characterized by the expression of the spirit of science, scientific phenomena, scientific laws and so on. For example, Gao Shiqi's The Work of Dayang, Li Songbo's Arguing for the Weasel, and Fan Jianguo's The Sister of the Sunlight are some of the best works.
Reciting Poetry
It is mainly characterized by its suitability for children and teenagers to recite. In order to adapt to the needs of recitation, the use of vocabulary and sentence structure pay more attention to colloquialization. For example, Yu Guangzhong's Nostalgia, Gao Hongbo's Regretful Dad, Xu Lu's Love of Life, and Teng Yuxu's collection of recitation poems, Songs of Junior Yingjie and Songs of Hope.
Poetry with Pictures
Poetry with Pictures is a kind of children's poem with a title for a picture (or comic strip) suitable for children and teenagers to enjoy. The famous poet Ke Yan's poem is one of the best examples.
[Edit Paragraph]Difference with Children's Songs
Children's poems and children's songs belong to the same category of children's poetry, although they both have the characteristics of poetry, but each has its own individual characteristics, there is a clear difference between the two.
(a) From the perspective of the reader's object, children's songs are mainly aimed at preschool and early school-age children; children's poems are mainly aimed at middle and late school-age children.
(2) From the point of view of the expression of thematic ideas, the thematic ideas of children's poems are often expressed in an indirect way, which is more profound and implicit, while children's songs often express their thematic ideas in a simple and easy way. For example, the children's poem "little brother and kitten" and the children's song "wash your hands" are both to be hygienic as the theme of the work, but the way of expression is obviously different.
[Edit Paragraph]Writing Methods of Children's Poetry
Explicit Metaphor Method
Describing the characteristics of things, suitable for describing the physical objects and natural scenery
〃A〃 is like〃B〃 direct metaphor.
For example:
The Clouds
The clouds are like a busy painter,
painting picture after picture in the sky.
Clouds are like a playful little mischief-maker,
often forgetting to go home.
The Monkey
The monkey is like a naughty clown,
swinging from tree to tree all day.
At one time it pulls the beard of the banyan tree's father-in-law,
at another time it plucks the ornaments of the peach tree's aunt.
"To the Mouse"
I like you all--
With your witty eyes,
and pink ears.
Even though you love to do bad things,
I still like you guys.
If I ever get to your kingdom,
I'll make sure you
wash your faces, wash your hands, take a bath, and brush your teeth.
And to teach you all to
work for yourselves,
and to do things without sneaking around.
I'm also going to introduce you all
to a friend-
whose name is Cat.
Cryptic Metaphors
Expressing Rich Associations
Without naming the thing that is being compared to, the reader makes his or her own associations.
Example:
Mother
Mother is an alarm clock,
which wakes me up every morning.
"Mom's Hands"
Mom's hands,
can turn white rice,
into fragrant rice.
The parade method
Expressing the layers of a scene
The Tree
The tree in the spring,
the stage where flowers are chosen for their beauty.
The tree in summer,
is the classroom where cicadas sing.
The tree in the fall,
is the cradle where the fruits sleep.
The tree in winter,
is the playground where the winds race.
Patterns
Expressing rhythm and deepening the impression
Describing a thing using the same word or the same sentence pattern
Example:
The Wind
The wind, smiling.
Swinging in the trees,
Racing in the meadow,
Playing a game of darts with leaves in the yard.
"Smile"
Smile is the flower that blooms on the face,
Smile is the honey that hangs on the mouth.
Smile is sweeter than sugar,
Smile is more fragrant than flowers.
Anthropomorphism
Lively, cute, and funny
Comparing things to people and doing human things.
Examples:
1. The spring breeze told the flowers to open their mouths and sing.
2. After the sun goes to bed, the lamp gets up.
3. The moon runs shyly into the clouds and hides.
4. The dewdrops smiled happily when they saw the sun come out.
5. The grass cried when it was happy.
"Vapor"
Shake hands with you,
and you ventilate.
Please take off your hat,
and you get angry.
Dry,
drink you down in one gulp.
Let's see if you're still,
godly or not.
Sound imitation
Increase the fun
Imitate the sound of nature
Example:
The Wind
The wind is the most annoying thing
Every time, it lifts up my skirt secretly.
Then yells from the sidelines,
Shame! Shame! Shame!
It really pisses me off.
Hypothetical method
Write beautiful hopes and imaginations,
Use "what if" and "what if" hypothetical statements to express your hopes and imaginations.
Example:
If I become the wind,
If I become the wind.
Just go to where mom works.
For mom,
Blow the sweat beads on her face,
one by one.
"If"
If I were a teacher,
I would take gym class often,
lest my students be disappointed.
If I were a dad,
I would quit drinking,
lest my mom be sad and cry often.
If I were God,
I would make mankind only laugh and not cry,
because
everyone laughs ridiculously.
Exaggeration
Creating a special effect, deepening an impression,
The amount, time, and behavior of a description, adding fuel, and exaggerating the description.
The Traffic Police
The man with the greatest strength in the world
is the traffic police.
Because he has "qigong,"
with a single push of one hand,
dozens of cars don't move at all.
The Questioning Method
Get interested and think deeper.
The Crab
The crab! Crabs!
Why are you foaming at the mouth?
Is it because you just ate lunch and
are brushing your teeth and rinsing your mouth?
Isn't that drooling, mommy
wanting to eat the big apple I'm holding?
Overlap
The "heartbeat" of the poem - the rhythm, with the rhythm matching the emotion.
"The White Heron"
Fly, fly, fly
Fly to the back of the cow,
Rest
The wind is coming!
Fly Fly Fly Fly
Fly to the field
Bubble water
Fly Fly Fly Fly Fly
Fly to the straw
Hide and Seek
Story Poem
Write the story as a poem.
Example:
The Grapevine
The grapevine, high and high,
With purple grapes hanging from it.
The purple grapes are big and round,
and the ones that are there are fragrant and sweet.
The fox saw them and jumped up,
and after half a day's jumping he could not hook them.
When he could not lean on it, his heart was not willing to do so.
He did not say that he was stupid, but said that the grapes were sour.
This is the first time that I have seen a fox jumping on a hook.
Calling out method
Regardless of whether they meet face to face or not directly call each other to make the content more profound and vivid
Example:
"A New Dress"
Mom!
The garden changed
its colorful and bright spring clothes;
the trees changed
themselves into new light-green clothes;
the faraway mountains took off their grey coats and
put on light-green shirts;
the grasses wore new green dresses and
waved in the spring breeze!
Mom! Look at them all,
they're all wearing new clothes!
Mom! They're all dressed up!
Conversational method
Easy to understand, as in front of the eyes and ears, easy to accept.
Example:
The Game
Little brother,
Let's play a game.
Sister is the teacher,
you are the student.
What about little sister,
Little sister is too little,
she can't do anything.
I see-
Let's make her the principal.
Contrast method
Highlighting the content and nature, including color contrast, shape contrast, action contrast, event contrast, character contrast, space contrast...
"Private Money"
Dad's private money,
hidden in his work hat;
Mom's private money,
hidden under her leather shoes;
My private money,
hidden in my stomach.