Brief introduction to the scenic spots of World Architecture Expo;
After the Opium War "treaty of nanking" was signed, Xiamen became one of the "five-port trade", and western powers flocked to Gulangyu to seize the most beautiful place to build villas. In the 1920s and 1930s, many overseas Chinese also returned to their hometowns to start businesses and built many villas and houses in Gulangyu. In only 15 years, more than 1000 houses were built. These villas are small and exquisite, scattered among the green trees on the hillside and by the sea. They are very quiet and unique, forming a beautiful scenery of Gulangyu, and also a valuable asset of Gulangyu.
Bagua Building was built in the 33rd year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1907), with a total construction area of 37 10 square meter and a height of 25.7 meters. The dome is 10 meter high and has eight ridges. Placed on an octagonal platform, the top window is 24 directions in all directions, so it is called "Bagua Building", which is the representative of modern architecture in Xiamen. The original owner of Bagua Building is Lin Heshou, a three-room Lin family in Banqiao, Taiwan Province, and it was designed by Dr. John Abraham Otte, a Dutch-American and former president of Gulangyu Salvation Hospital. I used some classical architectural styles from Palestinian, Greek, Italian and China for reference, and designed this unique antique building which combines the eastern and western architectural cultures. The red dome directly imitates the stone dome of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Palestine, the oldest Islamic building in the world. These 82 pillars refer to the great pillars of the ancient Greek temple of Hella, which was built in the 5th century. From the Temple of Hefuys in Athens Square, you can see the lines between Liang Shi and the columns. The cross-shaped passage originated in Greece and was later used in Roman churches; In ancient Greece, the stigma decoration of Taurik and Onek and the layered blue stone vases fully demonstrated the classical beauty of the combination of Chinese and Western. In a word, Bagua Building is a landmark building in Xiamen, with exquisite architectural art .. Now it is the Xiamen Museum. Huang, a native of Nan 'an, is from the middle building of Huangjia Garden. After making a fortune in the sugar industry in Indonesia, he returned to China and settled in Gulangyu 19 19, with investments in Xiamen and Shanghai.
192 1 After the completion of the north and south buildings of Huangjia Garden in, Huang Lizhi wants to build a high-class villa beyond all villas in Gulangyu. He demolished the old red brick building of "Sino-German Story" and asked Chinese and foreign engineers to design it carefully. Shanghai Yutai Construction Company built this villa named "Zhonglou", which is now No.25 Huangyan Road. The middle building pays attention to European style and materials. The indoor stairs and railings, the first floor, the front and rear corridors and the outdoor steps are all made of Italian shaved white marble, and the doors and windows, furniture, buildings, parapets, ceilings and floors are all made of imported nanmu. The carved antique frame of the middle building, the bronze carved fireplace and the colonnade carved by famous craftsmen show the classical beauty of combining Chinese and western styles everywhere, which not only has the architectural style of Western Europe in the Renaissance, but also has the gorgeous decoration of German aristocratic families in the18th century, and also has many traditional decoration techniques in China. It is a European-style villa combining Chinese and Western styles, which was called "the first in China" at that time. According to "Biography of the Yellow River", the cost of the north and south floors is 70,000 to 80,000 silver dollars, and the middle floor is as high as 290,000 silver dollars, which shows its luxurious style! Architecture in a paradise on the sea: Huang Xiuhuo Liang, an overseas Chinese from the Philippines in Jinjiang, built a group of five European-style villas on Fujian Road with his fellow countryman Huang in the 1920s. On the gatehouse of the main entrance of the building is written "Paradise at Sea Structure" (now No.42 Fujian Road). These five villas adopt the traditional symmetrical pattern of China architecture, with the middle building as the main body, spreading to both sides, and building a square in the middle to form a group of large-scale buildings.
The building in the middle is an antique palace-style building with a big roof. It rests on the top of the mountain with double eaves and its four corners are raised high. Cement carvings and flying covers are hung on the lintels of doors, windows, corridors and halls, and flowers tied with branches or water-absorbing dragons and sparrows are decorated on the eaves. In particular, two algae wells were decorated under the roof, and China's flower and bird paintings were painted on the wall, which looked like pavilions and attracted people's attention. Outside the corridor, decorative arches and flower baskets hang down, making the middle building very ethnic. Seen from a distance, the building is imposing, steady and refined.
Huangrong Garden Villa, built in 1920, is a big villa with European style, and now it is No.32 Fujian Road. Designers play the artistic style of western European architecture, and integrate into the traditional concept of China, which makes the villa look very beautiful. The whole villa has many colonnades, large and small, which are carved from a whole piece of granite, giving people a charm of ancient Rome, spectacular and beautiful. The front of the big column is set off, the periphery of the small column is supported, the elevation changes in a staggered and harmonious way, the half-moon shape, the straight window lattice design, the platform hook bar, the steel flower decoration, the cement sculpture, the cross fence, the hollow female wall, the spacious courtyard, the pool rockery, and the pavilions in front of the building are piled up with plastic, so the height is staggered. The bamboo forest in the yard is elegant and quiet. This villa is a harmonious combination of western, China, classical and modern styles, and it is a boutique in Gulangyu Villa! HSBC Building 1876, HSBC is located at the top of the cliff of Bijia Mountain, and has built an English villa covering an area of 400 square meters. The foundation pile is driven into the rock, which is very strong. The structure of the mansion is T-shaped, with cloisters on three sides and an obtuse angle. When the owner opens the window, he can have a panoramic view of the distant mountains and seas, and at night he can also have a panoramic view of being a fisherman. Strolling through the cloister, you can get a panoramic view of Xiamen and Drum Tower. Standing on the edge of the railing at the top of the cliff, looking around, the wind and waves rise, and the eagles, seagulls and herons come together, with the spirit of despising the sea and the sky! HSBC Tower is a rare architectural work with its unique location and design combined with reality.
Bajiaolou: Located in Lindazhai, Bajiaolou was built in 19 15, belonging to French architecture, with southern European style and baroque charm. Now it is named Lujiao Road 15. After the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing court was forced to sign the humiliating treaty of shimonoseki and cede Taiwan Province Province. Lin Weiyuan, then Minister of Reclamation in Taiwan Province Province, settled in Gulangyu with his family. He first bought an English villa and called it a "building", and then built a "small building" (later, the "small building" was destroyed by a fire). 19 15, Lin Biao Zhuang built a villa named "Bajiaolou" between the big and small buildings, and added a corridor to connect the three buildings, commonly known as "forest house" or "inside the house". This octagonal building has five floors. It is said that it was designed by the French. Its shape is elegant.
The octagonal building is a tower building with several octagonal facades, hence its name. The square column arch coupon at the main entrance, the double-revolving steps and the lintel window lintel are all plastic-sealed roses and flying pigeons, which is quite baroque. The octagonal building is simple and rigorous, just like a lady on the dance floor, and its artistic personality is very prominent. Yin Fu was built in 1925, designed by Yin Zuze, the eldest son of the owner, which is a French charm in Western Europe. It is characterized by using local materials, and the granite strips mined on the base are rough and bold, which not only has the personality of a stone town in southern Fujian, but also has the feeling of returning to nature during the Renaissance. The inner hall has five arches, three halls connected and four bedrooms. The whole building has four sets of sanitary equipment, which embodies the designer's civilization consciousness. The black pine in the yard, the same age as the villa, is still vigorous and tall.
Li Qingquan, a villa in Li Qingquan, is an overseas Chinese from Jinjiang. 1926, he built a three-story villa at the foot of the flag-raising mountain, with a Roman column on the front, which was solemn and steady. The courtyard of the villa is paved with colorful granite pebbles, which makes the villa look more beautiful. Precious Chinese fir and flowers and trees are planted in the courtyard, with a European fountain in the center and a rockery pavilion, which makes the villa a little more warm in nature. Li Qingquan and his son are rich in wood, so the villa is decorated with precious wood, and the doors, windows and stairs are all made of high-grade nanmu. He also has two villas in Zhangzhou Road, where nanmu floors and furniture are still impressive. Jingualou Jingualou, now No.99 Quanzhou Road, is named after two "Jingualou" buildings on the roof.
Jingualou Building was built in 1922 and bought by Huang Cimin, an overseas Chinese living in the Philippines, as a residence. This building is a villa house decorated with traditional decoration techniques in China. All beams, beams and corners are decorated with embossed flowers and birds, which has both local flavor and rococo charm. The windows are European-style, and they are all veneered. The layout of the interior hall combines Chinese and western styles, including Chinese-style rooms and public halls, European-style fireplaces and wide corridors. This technique of decorating foreign buildings with China traditional crafts reflects the local complex of overseas Chinese, which is also the unique style of Jingualou Building. Guancai Building: At the top of Bijia Mountain, there is a European villa with a unique style. Because it looks like a sedan chair, it is called "Bride's sedan chair", and because it can enjoy the beautiful sunset rosy clouds upstairs, it is also called "Guancai Building". It is now compiled as No.6 Bishan Road.
Guancai Building was built in 193 1, which was designed by Dutch engineers and contracted by Xu Construction Company. The shape and decoration of this building were influenced by the European Renaissance. Quite beautiful and concise, combined with many modern architectural techniques, novel and smooth. Its roof is very unique, with a curved back, which is divided by the ridge line. It is both an outer wall and a parapet, with embedded convex arch windows, which has a strong three-dimensional effect and excellent decorative effect, quite western European style. The gatepost of Guancai Building is twisted rope-shaped, novel and unique, with a Spanish flavor. The window lintel is carved from a whole stone. The face of a European swordsman (Musketeer) is carved by borrowing the pavement form of rural houses in China. The technique is simple and artistic, which also adds to the luxurious style of the villa.
Yangjiayuan Yangjiayuan * * * has four European-style villas, which were built around 19 13. Now they are numbered 27-29 Gu Xin Road and 4-8 Anhai Road. The "Zhongquan Mansion" on Gu Xin Road is the most magnificent, and the villas on Anhai Road are the most beautiful. The whole building is an English villa with tall and straight recessed columns, semi-circular arched windows and pointed arched windows. The sculpture decoration and vase design of window columns are different, which is quite artistic. Yangjiayuan has an advanced water supply system. There are pools at the top and bottom of each building to collect rainwater, wells are dug in the yard, and hand pumps are available. Different water sources in this water supply system are used for washing clothes, watering flowers, fire fighting and flushing toilets, and groundwater is used for drinking. Linwu: Linwu was built at 1927 and designed by the owner's son Lin Quancheng. After graduating from the Department of Civil Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lin Quancheng worked as an engineer in Xiamen Water Supply Company, and designed Shangli Reservoir, Gulangyu Water Supply Management Building and Forest House. Lin Wu is now compiled at No.82 Quanzhou Road.
The features of the Forest House are the fa? ade and the roof. The roof adopts the sloping roof of Nordic style, which is outstanding and beautiful; The facade is not uniform, harmonious and comfortable, in harmony with the roof, forming a distinct personality. This forest house stands out among the buildings and looks stable and slim. The houseboat-like house is in the shape of the Yangtze River Delta, with villas built on it, such as cabins on the deck of seagoing ships. Looking down from the third floor, it looks like a ship waiting for a long voyage. Now its number is 48 Gu Xin Road. The boathouse was built in 1920 and designed by Dr. John Abraham Otte, a Dutch-American. He used the shape of the plot to design the villa into a ship to be sailed, which can be described as originality. He used traditional architectural techniques, with the central axis as the benchmark, spread out left and right, and was rigorous and symmetrical. The villa is unpretentious, simple and lively, with sufficient lighting and good permeability. The floor is wide nanmu, and the furniture is mostly sour branches and mahogany, which has been well preserved so far. Because today's masters have profound musical attainments, most family concerts are held here.
Yizu Villa was built in the 1920s for Han Xu, an overseas Chinese in Tongan, Vietnam, and now it is No.9 Bishan Road. This is a European-style building with outstanding personality and strong artistry. It has the largest and most beautiful gatehouse and stone steps in Gulangyu, and its appearance is magnificent and straight. The double-arch window cover is smooth and beautiful, quite beautiful It also has a European-style garden with an octagonal pavilion and a winding path, which is a place for the owner to relax and watch. The former US Consulate was built in 1930. It is a two-story Roman red brick building with a basement and a mezzanine roof. It's beautiful in appearance, and now it's No.26 Sanming Road. The consulate is dominated by red and white, the gables are decorated with five large triangles, which are simple and lively, and there is also a viewing rooftop. Under the roof is a mezzanine, which is very practical. The Roman stigma of the consulate is decorated with Corinthian columns made of exaggerated lily leaves. The leaves are slender and neat, supporting the whole building, which is particularly beautiful. Former residence of Lin Yutang: Lin Yutang's former residence is the home of his wife Liao Cuifeng and one of the oldest buildings in Gulangyu. Originally a two-story villa, the first floor has collapsed due to disrepair, and it is now No.44 Zhangzhou Road. Lin Yutang's wedding auditorium and new house are still there.
Lin Yutang studied in Gulangyu and stayed here. After marriage, he went to the world from here and became a world cultural celebrity. Catholic Church: Built in 19 17, the Catholic Church is a Gothic building with sharp eyes, and the hollowed-out decorations of arches, doors, windows, towers and retaining walls are all sharp. The indoor ceiling is a colorful blue bead net structure with gorgeous mattresses, which is the only Gothic church in Xiamen. No.34 Lujiao Road is now edited. The Catholic diocese of Xiamen currently manages 80 Catholic churches from Longyan to Putian, almost half of Fujian.