I am a little mouse named Mimi. It is the nature of mice to be afraid of cats. But recently, cats being afraid of me has become my specialty.
This is what happened: I happened to pass by a sewer one day, and the smell of radioactive elements made me very excited. I carefully licked it, it was so delicious! I suddenly realized that my body was swelling, my internal organs were pulsing powerfully, and my bones were growing like mushrooms after rain. Finally, the top of the sewer was broken by me. I continued to lick and lick, and my body grew as hard as I could. My body really shocked me, 1.8 meters! Now I can be on an equal footing with those who think they are superior! Thinking of this, I I couldn't help but hold my head high and walk leisurely on the street. People around me were so scared that they ran into the boxy cage-like hut. I was the only one left on the wide road. How comfortable it was! At this time, my stomach was growling, it turned out that I was hungry! So I walked into a department store, and the people in the room were scared to death. Don't worry about it for now, let's fill our stomachs later. Looking at the room full of delicacies, I have no appetite. What’s wrong with me? Isn’t sausage my favorite? Why am I not interested in it now? There was a lot of noise outside the house, and many police cars blocked the outside. , a police officer was shouting with a broken thing, but in fact, I had no idea what bird language he was talking about. Too lazy to pay attention to him, I continued to look for my food. A dart pierced into my body with a "whoosh" sound, and I yawned immediately, and soon fell asleep...
When I woke up, I had been sent to the research institute. , several young scientists were chattering around me. I wanted to run, but my limbs were all tied up and I couldn't move. At this time, one of them poured something into my big mouth, and I smelled the radioactive element again, and I ate happily. After I was full, I felt that I was extremely strong. With a slight tug, I broke the steel chain. The eyes of those people widened and their mouths almost became "○" shapes. I held my head high proudly. Walked out of the institute. With a "dang" sound, the dart hit the ground. I was so excited. Now I am invulnerable. I am not afraid of those stinky policemen anymore. I can do whatever I want!
But the good times did not last long. I found that my food sources were getting less and less, and the sewage containing radioactive elements was becoming increasingly rare.
On the contrary, clear water with rippling blue waves can be seen everywhere. Fish swim happily in the water, birds fly freely in the sky, and flowers bloom to their heart's content, but I am getting older and haggard day by day, often It was because I had been unable to collect grains in my stomach all day long, and I was in great pain. Looking at the beautiful scenery around me, the clean ground, and the signs erected everywhere, not only me, but my family was also hit hard, my mother said sadly. Tell me: "Human beings now pay attention to environmental protection, and we have no way to survive..."
So one afternoon, I starved to death under a tall sign, and people buried me there. , and on that sign was actually my inscription: Rats crossing the street, everyone shouts to beat them!
1. Information about environmental protection
Environmental protection is the biggest problem facing mankind in modern life. To solve this problem, we must start from the basics.
First of all, we must conduct extensive publicity to raise people's awareness and awareness and strengthen environmental awareness.
Secondly, we must carry out waste recycling, Reduce the felling of forest trees. We must also strengthen the treatment of white pollution and use less plastic products.
Finally, we must improve the cleaning aspect to make the city tidier.
In order to For the future of the earth, we must work hard from now on to protect the environment. Here we make the following suggestions:
Implement garbage classification and bagging. This will not only reduce the workload of sanitation workers, but also Make better use of waste, reduce pollution, and save resources.
When shopping for groceries, use less plastic bags and try to use bamboo baskets.
Use refillable pens as much as possible. , reduce the waste of ballpoint pen shells and the amount of garbage.
Try not to use disposable lunch boxes when eating out.
Sowing green means sowing hope for excess garbage and environmental problems. Garbage recycling and comprehensive utilization of resources Recycling of garbage and comprehensive utilization of resources (Part 2) Science in the sea bath
Think of drinking pure water
Nowadays, drinking water is becoming a trend. Although the media has mentioned it more than once We have introduced various disadvantages of drinking water, but the "drinking water" family is still expanding day by day.
Drinking water not only refers to pure water, but also includes mineral water, distilled water and even space water, etc. And we drink it for a long time Large tap water has become relatively "non-drinking water". We do not rule out that drinking water is currently popular and hype has played a certain role, but it reflects that the current serious water pollution has reached a level that is unpalatable.
It is reported that: "According to a survey of 798 cities and towns across the country in 1979, the national daily sewage discharge amounted to 2.58 million tons for the country and the people, of which 819 were industrial wastewater and 199% domestic sewage. In 1989, a survey of national representatives The General Assembly conducted a survey in 854 towns and found that the daily discharge amount reached 36.53 billion tons. Among them, 550 million tons of industrial wastewater were discharged directly. Most of this wastewater was discharged directly without treatment, polluting rivers, lakes and seas.
In addition, there is an indisputable fact in front of every Shanghainese. The Huangpu River, the mother river of Shanghai, was a river with clear water quality and swarms of fish and shrimp before the mid-1950s (1958). In 1962, the water quality began to be polluted. The 22-day black and smelly period began in 1963 and lasted for 29 days in 1988, accounting for about 2/3 of the year. The river section with unqualified water quality accounted for 64.5km, accounting for 56.99 of the total length of 113.5km.
The harm of water pollution is self-evident. Water pollution and deterioration of water quality have brought serious harm to human health, human life and production.
Water is an important substance for human survival. , a clean person can bring people a beautiful and picturesque environment of lush flowers and trees, birds singing and fragrance of flowers, tranquility and comfort, and bring tranquility, joy and peace to people. But today's polluted water brings people pain, terror and Disaster. In order to make life better, let beautiful mountains and rivers stay in the world forever, and let clear water flow continuously, people have become more and more aware of the importance of preventing water pollution.
Sowing green is sowing hope. Excessive garbage and environmental problems. Drinking pure water reminds us of the recycling and comprehensive utilization of resources. The recycling and comprehensive utilization of resources. Science in the bathroom.
2. In 2005, an "environmental protection storm" broke out in mainland China. 30 projects under construction with a total investment of more than 117.9 billion yuan were stopped by the State Environmental Protection Administration, including those that were also ministerial-level units. Three projects of China Three Gorges Corporation. The reason is that these projects have not undergone environmental impact assessment and are illegal projects built before approval.
There is no way back from environmental deterioration. China's environmental problems did not start today. As early as the 1990s, environmental pollution problems were already very serious. Such as the Huaihe River Basin. In the 1990s, Category 5 water quality accounted for 80%, and the entire Huaihe River was like a huge sewage ditch all year round. In 1995, economic losses caused by environmental pollution reached 187.5 billion yuan.
According to calculations by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, losses caused by environmental pollution and ecological damage currently account for 15% of the total GDP, which means that on one side there is an economic growth of 9%, and on the other side there is a loss rate of 15%. Environmental issues are no longer just a problem for China's sustainable development, but have become a demon that devours economic results.
Currently, China’s desertified land has reached more than 2.674 million square kilometers; 471 counties in 18 provinces and autonomous regions, and the cultivated land and homes of nearly 400 million people are threatened by desertification to varying degrees, and desertification is still It is growing at a rate of more than 10,000 square kilometers per year.
Among the seven major river systems, more than 40% of the water has no use value at all. Of the 668 cities across the country, more than 400 are suffering from water shortages. Many of them are caused by water pollution. For example, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, is located at the intersection of the Yongjiang River, the Yaojiang River, and the Fenghua River. However, due to water pollution, when the water is most scarce, water trucks must run day and night to transport water from rural rivers to various places in the city. enterprise.
China's average industrial added value of 10,000 yuan consumes 330 cubic meters of water and produces 230 cubic meters of sewage; for every 100 million yuan of GDP created, 288,000 tons of wastewater are discharged. There is also a large amount of domestic sewage. More than 80% of it is discharged directly into rivers without treatment. In less than 10 years, China will be without water.
One-third of the country’s urban population breathes severely polluted air, and one-third of the country’s land is eroded by acid rain. In the economically developed Zhejiang Province, the acid rain coverage rate has reached 100%. The frequency of acid rain is 11% in Shanghai and about 12% in Jiangsu. In central China and some southern cities, such as Yibin, Huaihua, Shaoxing, Zunyi, Ningbo, Wenzhou, etc., the frequency of acid rain exceeds 90%.
In China, the maximum amount of sulfur dioxide emissions allowed to basically eliminate acid rain pollution is 12 million to 14 million tons. In 2003, the national sulfur dioxide emissions reached 21.587 million tons, an increase of 12% over 2002, of which industrial emissions increased by 14.7%. at the current rate of economic development. As well as the methods and intensity of pollution control, by 2020, the sulfur dioxide emissions from thermal power plants across the country alone will reach more than 21 million tons, and the total emissions will exceed the atmospheric environment capacity by more than 1 times. This will be a serious threat to the ecological environment and public health. disaster.
On January 27, someone predicted at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland that if no rectification is taken, the sudden environmental crisis in human history will most likely cause the greatest damage to the economic and social system in the near future. appear in China in the future.
There is a saying that pollution control is in a dilemma. To control the environment while developing the economy, investment in environmental protection must reach more than 1.5% of GDP. But this is when environmental protection is already very good. In China, according to Shanghai's experience, to truly and effectively control the environment, investment in environmental protection must account for more than 3% of GDP. In the past 20 years, China's annual investment in environmental protection was 0.5% in the first half of the 1990s, and only a little more than 1% in recent years. Environmental protection is a kind of "luxury consumption" with large investment and small contribution to GDP. Therefore, some special funds that should be used for environmental protection are also misappropriated for other purposes.
At present, China is in a dilemma regarding environmental issues: if it does not manage it, the future cannot be guaranteed; if it really needs to be managed, it will require large-scale investment, and the current economy will be unbearable.
Some people have calculated that the enterprises around Yunnan Dianchi Lake have only created a few billion yuan in output value in the past 20 years. However, to initially restore the water quality of Dianchi Lake, at least tens of billions of yuan will be spent. It is the annual fiscal revenue of Yunnan Province. The cumulative output value of small paper mills in the Huaihe River Basin in 20 years is only 50 billion yuan. But to control the pollution caused by it, even if the main stream reaches the minimum irrigation water standard, 300 billion yuan will be needed. To restore the water quality to Category III in the 1970s would not only cost a terrible amount, but would also take at least 100 years.
The cost of breaking the law is low, but the cost of law enforcement is high. From a micro perspective, in the past 20 years, when the domestic manufacturing industry was unable to rely on technological progress to reduce energy consumption and costs, it could only tap its potential in two aspects: One is wages, and the other is environmental protection. For the simplest things, such as cement production, to meet minimum environmental protection requirements, each ton of cement needs to increase the cost by 8 yuan, accounting for 5% of the ex-factory price of cement. The textile industry discharges more than 1 billion cubic meters of wastewater every year. If it needs to be treated, it will cost 1.2 to 1.8 yuan per ton. Increase production costs by 5%. And the vast majority of companies simply don't have such high profit margins. Therefore, we can only fight guerrillas on environmental protection issues: either do not build any wastewater treatment facilities; or use them as decorations after they are built, put the sewage into the treatment tank during the day, and discharge it into the river at night when no one is around, so that we can save money. A big cost. In the disorderly competition in the market, this 5% cost. It often determines the profit and loss, life and death of the enterprise.
China’s environmental law enforcement has two highs and one low—high cost of compliance, high cost of law enforcement, and low cost of breaking the law, which also contributes to this tendency. Usually, the environmental protection department spends 500,000 yuan to obtain evidence for an illegal discharge incident, and the fine that ultimately falls on the illegal enterprise is only 50,000 yuan, including the so-called "environmental protection storm" that is blowing hard. .
Some extremely large power station projects with investments of billions of yuan started construction without authorization in violation of environmental assessment, and the final fine was only 200,000 yuan. A mere fine of 200,000 yuan is a drop in the bucket for a project with an investment of over 100 million yuan. How can such a punishment deter illegal behavior? Therefore, the Environmental Protection Law has always been called the "Tofu Law".
An environmental protection storm will involve hundreds of thousands of companies, and the result will inevitably be: a large number of companies go bankrupt, a large number of people are unemployed, business costs increase significantly, and the domestic price index quickly exceeds two levels. number of digits. Therefore, both macro and micro costs are actually unbearable.
Four factors hinder environmental governance. Pan Yue, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration, summed up the four reasons for the huge resistance encountered by environmental protection departments in the process of law enforcement:
First of all, some Local governments do not fully understand the scientific concept of development and simply pursue economic growth. Some projects that are expressly prohibited such as small smelting, small ferroalloys, and small chemicals with high energy consumption and heavy pollution are actually spreading in some places.
Secondly, some local governments unilaterally emphasize simplifying examination and approval and completing relevant procedures within a time limit when attracting investment. Regardless of whether the project will cause pollution, as long as it comes to invest, it will be approved. In some places, there are illegal phenomena such as "the will of the head" and "get on the bus first, buy the ticket later" in the environmental impact approval of construction projects.
Once again, the quality of environmental assessment needs to be improved urgently. Some environmental impact assessment units do not insist on scientific evaluation and do not dare to speak with objective facts and scientific data. The assessment conclusions are vague and ambiguous, and they push the conclusion of the environmental feasibility of the project to the approval department. Some even some environmental impact assessment units commit fraud and fabricate , falsify data, or conceal facts, seriously affecting the implementation of the environmental impact assessment system, making environmental impact assessment a mere formality, and losing the basic scientificity and impartiality of third-party consulting agencies.
Finally, information disclosure and public participation are insufficient. my country's current environmental impact assessment system is government-led. It is obviously insufficient to supervise a huge number of construction projects with limited government power.
In fact, the resistance encountered by the environmental impact assessment law is driven by economic interests.
Setting up a real "environmental protection storm"
China is a big country with very little room for maneuver on the environment, and it is also a country that has emerged after the global resources and markets have been basically divided. A rising country. There is no way for China to wait until the environment becomes extremely bad and then deal with it, like some pioneering countries.
But China is also a developing country. The path taken by others of first developing the economy and then controlling pollution will inevitably be followed by China.
The history of various countries around the world has shown that there is a very similar law between economic growth and environmental change: in the process of industrialization of a country, environmental pollution will increase at a high rate with the GDP. During the period of growth, especially the era of heavy and chemical industry: when GDP grows to a certain level, as the industrial structure becomes more sophisticated and residents’ willingness to pay for the environment increases. After reaching a turning point, the pollution level will suddenly decline with the growth of GDP, until the pollution level returns to below the environmental capacity. This is the so-called environmental Kuznets curve, and Japan's development process was based on this law.
There is no doubt that it is impossible for China to transcend such an era of heavy and chemical industry. Because China has too many people and the country is too big, it cannot directly enter the high-tech era with the help of global division of labor when its domestic manufacturing industry is not yet developed, like Finland.
In the late 1990s, the author returned to his hometown in southern Jiangsu. Gone are the days when he was a child with clear river water and four towns and eight towns within four villages and towns by boat. What surprised the author is that the main factor causing this situation turned out to be the most common domestic garbage. In China, even without industrial development, the pollutants brought by population growth are enough to degrade the environment to an intolerable level. Even controlling such pollution requires large investments and an economic foundation.
China has a long way to go to deal with pollution issues. It needs to act in accordance with the law to prevent the occurrence of vicious environmental incidents and slow down the rate of environmental deterioration.
3. What kind of outlook on environmental protection should we hold
What kind of outlook on ecological environmental protection and resource development should we hold? Are environmental protection and resource development irreconcilable contradictions? I don't think so. Because their goals are the same, both for the survival of mankind. Therefore, scientific ecological environmental protection and resource development can achieve the unity of opposites.
I believe that all those who care about environmental issues have a sincere heart to ensure that our descendants can survive better for generations to come. We should not doubt those who develop and utilize natural resources in order to help people in poor areas get out of poverty and become rich as soon as possible. They also have a heart to ensure and improve the survival of people in poor areas. It's just that those who strongly advocate protection consider the long-term survival problems of the entire human race, while those who actively advocate development want to solve the current survival problems of people in local areas. Do we have any reason to deprive people in certain areas of their right to survival and development?
Over the years, thanks to the publicity efforts of various environmental protection organizations, the general public has developed a certain awareness of environmental protection. This is the credit of various environmental protection organizations and people. However, having environmental protection awareness does not mean understanding environmental protection. Although many of us have environmental awareness, they are unwilling to consciously abide by environmental protection guidelines out of consideration for their own immediate interests and greed for enjoyment. For example, some of us who no longer have to worry about food and clothing, in order to taste wild game, wear high-end fur fashions to show off our wealth, thus promoting and stimulating the emergence and development of the wildlife trading market, which makes us more concerned about nature. The development and utilization of resources exceeds the capacity of nature. In this process, those who really deserve to be blamed should be those consumers who have no worries about food and clothing, not those who have no need for food and clothing and have to extract natural resources in order to survive. Nor should we blame those who are trying to bring poverty to poor areas. People who want people to get out of trouble as soon as possible and develop and utilize natural resources.
This kind of people eat and drink by themselves and enjoy the benefits of modern civilization in the city without any worries. Some of them have been to remote poor and backward areas, let alone live and work there. A few people have been there, and it's just a trip around the mountains and rivers in a luxury off-road vehicle. They just want to use this to preserve a back garden where city people can have fun and explore after they have had enough food and drinks. According to their point of view, humans may have to return to primitive society to meet the requirements. This kind of thinking can only make us trapped in a cocoon and make society stagnant.
Once I traveled to Dulongjiang in Yunnan Province to take photos. The well-preserved virgin forests and clear streams and rivers there left a deep impression on me. At the same time, the poor living conditions of the local residents also left an indelible impression on me. However, the one who impressed me the most was a border guard soldier. What he said to me: "For you tourists, this place is green mountains and green waters, but for those of us who are here every day, it is rough mountains and rivers." Please note that this is only a country that only needs to serve here for two years. What about those who have lived here for generations? This sentence was like a wake-up call to me, and it made me, a person who once shouted about environmental protection, sober up a lot.
We cannot regard all development and utilization of natural resources as damage to the ecological environment. Doing so is really too selfish and too dogmatic. What we oppose should be the kind of blind, excessive and destructive development that ignores long-term interests. For those projects that can help local people get rid of poverty and become rich, and enter civilization, ecological assessment has been done and ecological restoration after development has been taken into consideration. Sequential, scientific and reasonable development will not be hindered by arbitrary accusations. In fact, as long as scientific and reasonable development is done, the partial and temporary damage will not cause irreversible ecological disaster, but on the contrary will form a new ecological landscape and even improve the original harsh natural environment. There are no such examples. The distant ones include Dujiangyan in Sichuan and the Grand Canal that runs from north to south, and the nearby ones include Qiandao Lake in Zhejiang and Lubuge Hydropower Station in Yunnan.
In terms of environmental protection, our most urgent goal at present is not to simply and crudely criticize and prevent the development and utilization of natural resources, but to improve the quality of the entire nation, especially those living in cities. , the environmental awareness of modern urbanites who live in civilization and have no worries about food and clothing. Those who have no environmental awareness in remote and impoverished areas do minimal damage to the environment, and they do it to ensure their own survival. Some can even say that their behavior itself is a chain in the local ecological environment. On the contrary, it is us literate modern urbanites who, in order to enjoy themselves after having enough food and clothing, have stimulated the development of some luxury industries such as fur, high-end wooden furniture, game catering, and disposable utensils. The development of these industries has truly It has caused a complete and devastating blow to the ecological environment. Modern civilized urban talents are truly the direct and indirect killers of the ecological environment.
Imagine, if there are two people, one is a rich man who has no worries about food and clothing, and the other is a poor man who has no shelter and no food to eat. A precious wild animal appears in front of them. The rich man wants to They are hunted to enjoy their fur and game, while the poor are hunted to keep out the cold, fill their bellies and survive. Should both behaviors be blamed?
With the widespread environmental deterioration over time, environmental protection has become a hot topic. Faced with various suggestions, proposals, rules, and laws on environmental protection, some people have proposed to choose between them. For example, a text in a college English book promotes a view called "rational environmentalism," which "rationally" declares that humans "protect the environment not for nature, but for ourselves." Therefore, Humans should "only make urgent adjustments when their living environment is threatened." To drum up support, the theory "does not require people to make sacrifices for other living things."
Human beings do protect the environment for "ourselves", but the problem is how to protect it. This article claims that we should "make urgent adjustments when our living environment is threatened", which means that we should wait until we can no longer live in it before thinking about protecting the environment.
What kind of environmental protection is sensible? That is what the author regards as an "emotional" environmentally friendly way of doing things. To be environmentally friendly, we must love nature instead of treating it as something we "exploit"; to be environmentally friendly, we must nip environmental problems in the bud instead of allowing them to expand day by day. This kind of environmental protection is truly sensible environmental protection.