Edited translation of the work
Looking around on Mount Li, the A-Fang Palace has been lost by a fire; where are the luxuries of that time now? Only saw the sallow grass, the water back and forth curved, to the hatred left behind now like smoke. The Zhou, Qi, Qin, Han and Chu of the Great Powers, these countries, those who won, all turned into earth; those who lost, all turned into earth.
Edited Works Appreciation
Appreciation 1: Mount Li is in the northeast of present-day Xi'an City, west of the A-fang Palace, with the existing remnants of the foundation of the palace at the time. Du Mu in the "Abenomics Palace Fugue" said: "Lixi Mountain north and west folding, straight to Xianyang," Abenomics Palace built from Lixi Mountain, and then straight to the west to Nanyang, the scale of the extremely grand, luxurious facilities. In 206 B.C., the Qin Dynasty fell, Xiang Yu attacked Xianyang and then burned down the Abenomiya. Zhang Yanghao created this "Ancient Lixian Mountain" small order with a feeling of passing through Lixian Mountain. The first three lines of the song are: "Lishan Mountain, Abang Palace, where is the luxury of the time now?" Looking back at the history of Mount Li, which used to be the location of the Qin Dynasty's palaces, after being burned by the fire, the singing platforms and dance halls and the gold nuggets and pearls of that time no longer existed. The author used the question "Where is it now?" to emphasize the emotion of the great changes in history from the ancient times to the present day, and naturally introduced the following phrase "I can see that the grass is thin and the water is haunted. The grass is sparse and the water is winding." , no longer see the luxurious palaces of the past, only weeds sparsely spread on the ground, where the river flows in a meandering way. The grass is sparse, the water is winding more heavy author nostalgia for the past and present emotional weight. Immediately after the six or seven sentences, said: "To this day, the remaining hatred is lost in the smoky trees. The Zhou, Qi, Qin, Han and Chu." Now, the Qin dynasty because of luxury, brutality and the death of the country's hatred has disappeared between the smoke tree. And this kind of hate is not only the Qin Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty, the warring powers until the Han-Chu dispute, which does not hold the hate of defeat? In fact, the author is here to send a kind of irony is to say that the future generations have forgotten the lessons of the defeat of the previous dynasty. After the Yuan Dynasty rulers took power, they became more extravagant and profligate, ignoring the fact that the national treasury was empty and the social economy was in need of urgent adjustment. Zhang Yanghao was dissatisfied with the situation at that time, but thinking of the history of the Great Powers, and felt that from the seizure of power, to the extravagance and violence, to the eventual defeat, is the successive generations of feudal dynasties **** the same end. Du Mu said the Abenomics Palace, "Chu people a torch, poor scorched earth", the author is derived from this to write: "win, are turned into the soil; lose, are turned into the soil." The two sentences at the end of this line, which are in the same style, are saying that no matter who wins or loses, the extravagant palaces will all end up in death, "all turned into soil", which can be regarded as a kind of curse on the feudal dynasty, and even more so as a generalization of the regularity of the social history of the feudal dynasty. At the end of another poem, "Shanpo Yang - Tongguan Huaigu", Zhang Yanghao said, "The people suffer when they rise; the people suffer when they fall." This is from the people's point of view that the change of feudal dynasties brought all the sufferings to the people. And this small order is from the perspective of the ruler of the dynasty to talk about, the feudal ruler no matter win or lose success or failure ultimately can not escape the fate of extinction. Although it is not as deep as "Tongguan Huaigu", but also suggests a historical inevitability, or more meaningful. Appreciation two: "Taihe Zhengyin谱" said Zhang Yanghao's prose music is like a jade tree in the wind. However, this small poem reflects another aspect of him. Mount Li has witnessed many historical vicissitudes of the famous mountain, historical relics are many, the author climbed this mountain, look around, feelings, from where to write? Only Afang Palace can lead the author, the reader's thoughts. Unfortunately, it has been burned by Xiang Yu, when the luxury of luxury no longer exist. Presented in front of the author only "sparse" "barren grass", "bent and haunting" "river". This just touches the author's feelings of sadness, experiencing the relentlessness and inevitability of the change of history. Dynastic change of "hate", such as the smoke locks in front of the disorientation of the woods, where to find the "States" in the "Zhou, Qi, Qin, Han, Chu" in the shadow of yo! In the long river of history, sui, tang's rise and fall here, also washed out mercilessly. How many emperors for the world, fighting and killing, "win" how? "Lose" how? They were all turned into dirt! As Zhang Yanghao wrote in the same tune, "Bei Mangshan Huai Gu", "I am the king, but I can't answer my calls; I am the minister, but I can't answer my calls." They have all become "dust under Mt. Mang in the north". This is such a sad and somber chant! Read this piece of music, the author's broad vision of history convinced me, and the majestic and reckless broad-mindedness made me admire. The whole song does not have difficult words, there is no intimidating obscure allusions, not to mention the gorgeous words and phrases. It is these simple and clumsy words that have sung a monumental song for the ages! "Win, all turned into dirt; lose, all turned into dirt!" This sentence shows the author's sense of history - winners and losers are bound to become yellow earth, not worth envying and praising. Understandable as words, but has become a thought-provoking aphorism. There are no vulgar words under the pen of a famous writer! Today's poets, should learn from the ancients in the simplicity of the great clever, in the shallow in the profound work for the text. If we can do so, perhaps we can do "the pen will open a new face".
Su Shi's Runnish sand: rustling clothes falling jujube blossom 1, the village south and north of the village sound reeling 2. oxen clothes ancient willow cucumber 3. wine sleepy road is long but want to sleep, the sun is high and thirsty people think of tea. Knocking on the door, I try to ask the wild man's home.4 Author's Biography Su Shi (1037-1101), the character Zizhan, the name of Dongpo Jushi, was a native of Meishan in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was a famous literary scholar and one of the eight great masters of Tang and Song prose. He was a learned and versatile scholar with high attainments in calligraphy, painting, poetry and prose. His calligraphy, together with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu, is known as the "Four Families of the Song Dynasty"; he was good at painting bamboo, trees and rocks, and his theories on painting and calligraphy were also insightful. Is the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu, the leader of the literary world, prose and Ouyang Xiu, poetry and Huang Tingjian; his words majestic, bold style, a change in the word of the euphemistic, and the Southern Song Dynasty, Xin Qiji and known as "Su Xin," *** for the bold school of lyricists. Note 1. This sentence says that the date flowers have fallen on the scarf, syntax inverted. Rustling, falling appearance. 2. Reeling car, silk tools. 3. oxen, "Han Shu - Wang Zhang biography" "chapter disease, no quilt, lying in oxen". Sung Cheng Dachang, "evolution of traditional dew" volume 2, "cow clothes" article: "case" food and goods "Dong Zhongshu said:" poor people often clothed in cattle and horse clothing, while eating the food of dogs and swine. However, the cow clothes, woven grass to make warm, to be cattle body, cover the straw raincoat and so on." This refers to the melon seller's shoddy clothing. Or it is said that this is "half-yi", such as Zeng Ji beaver "boat Zhai Poetry": "I tasted see Dongpo ink for 'half-yi', I know that the 'cow' word is wrong." 4. Diffuse, casually. Because I was very thirsty and wanted to drink some tea casually, I wanted to knock on the door of any house and ask questions. Su Shi, "Occasionally to the residence of the wild man Wang's": "Thirsty for wine and tea, the door was deducted", the same meaning as these two sentences. Pi Rixiu's "Waking up at Night": "Thirsty for Wine, Thought of Tea" is the original version of this phrase. Appreciation Words to Su Shi, the subject matter, mood, style and so on have been expanded, before the words rarely appear in the rural idyll also appeared in Su Shi's words. In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), after the spring drought in Xuzhou, Su Shi went to Shitan to thank the gods, and composed a set of "Raccoon Creek Sand" entitled "Five Songs on the Road to Xumen Shitan to Thank for the Rain," all of which were written about the rural landscape in early summer, of which this is the fourth. This is the fourth of the five poems. A piece of the poem intercepts the common scenes of rural life. The aroma of jujube blossoms, the sound of reeling carts, and the ease of melon sellers make up a fresh and natural picture of the countryside. The next piece is the writer himself, the day high, long road and wine sleepy, not to avoid the extreme thirst, they knocked on the door for a drink. Su Shi, although as a scholar, but the heart of the countryside is close to the heart of the countryside, said "so that the gentleman is this person", here careless "knocking on the door to try to ask", and "the wild man's home" of the same, can be seen.
Raccoon Brook Sand 苏轼（其二）
内容 游蕲水清泉寺，寺临兰溪，溪水西流1。山下兰芽短浸溪，松间沙路净无泥2。萧萧萧暮雨子规啼3。谁道人生无再少？ The flowing water in front of the door can still flow westward4, so don't sing the yellow rooster with white hair5. Note 1. He traveled with Pang Anshi, a medical doctor, in Dongpo Inscriptions, Volume 3, "Words from the Qingquan Temple". 2. Bai Juyi's "Purifying the Purification of Lobin on the Third Day of March": "The sandy road is moist without mud". 3. Xiaoxiao twilight rain, Bai Juyi's "Send Yin Xie Lu Poem" self note: "Jiangnan Wu Erniang song lyrics, 'Xiaoxiao twilight rain Lang does not return'." Zigui, a cuckoo bird, is said to be the ancient Shu emperor Du Yu's soul transformed, also known as "Du Yu", the sound is mournful, poems are often used to express the thoughts of the detainees. 4. This sentence should be realistic. But "in front of the door" clouds, also has a source. The old book of tang, volume ix one party kabuki "a line of biography", said tiantai mountain guoji temple there is an old monk will be cloth counting, he said: "the water in front of the door when it is but the west flow, disciples also to." A line went in to ask for the industry, "and the fruit in front of the door but the west flow." 5. Bai Juyi's "Drunken Song": "Who says that the king does not know how to sing, but listens to the singing of the yellow rooster and the white sun. The yellow rooster urges the dawn to chirp in the ugly hour, and the white sun urges the year to be gone before You. The red ribbons around his waist are not secure, and his face in the mirror is already lost. Here, the meaning is reversed, which means that one should not hurt oneself and lament the aging of one's hair. Appreciation This song was written in the spring of the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), when Su Shi was relegated to the position of deputy envoy of Huangzhou (present-day Huanggang, Hubei) because of the Wutai Poetry Case. This was a major blow to Su Shi's political career, but the poem shows a spirit of optimism in the face of adversity. In the first section, the first two lines describe the early spring, the streamside orchid grass first hair, the streamside path is clean and mud-free, a scene of vitality. However, in the evening rain, the azalea's mournful cries end the scene. The sound of the cuckoo reminds the pedestrians that it is better to return to their homes, which gives the scenery a touch of sadness. The next section of the song is a turn of the pen, no longer trapped in the sadness of the cries of the cuckoo, but to revitalize a. As the saying goes, "flowers have their own way of life. As the saying goes, "Flowers bloom again, and people are no longer young", the passage of time is just like the eastward flowing water, which cannot be retained. However, there are always accidents in this world. "The water in front of the door can still go west" is both the actual scene in front of us and the allusion to the Buddhist scriptures. East flowing water can also return to the west, and why should the old man for the years in vain sadness? Seemingly simple, but worth recalling. The author of "Word Jie", Volume 1, said, "Mr. Po's rhyme is high, so his shallow words are also extraordinary." The whole word is full of a kind of upward attitude, however, in the last section of the final sentence of the Zigui cries, vaguely reflecting the situation of the words, but also more obvious in the words of the attitude of the precious, so Chen Tingzhuo "Bai Yu Zhai words," said: "the more melancholy, the more bold, the more loyal, so that I am fascinated."
Raccoon Brook Sand Su Shi (three)
Contents Yuanfeng seven years December 24, from the Sizhou Liu Qianshu tour of Nanshan 1 fine rain oblique wind for small cold. The light smoke and sparse willows flatter the sunny beach. The first time I visited the mountain, it was a little cold, with a light wind, and a thin smoke and willow. Notes 1. Sizhou, present-day Siachen County, Anhui Province. Liu Qianshu, whose life is unknown. Nanshan Mountain, i.e. Duliang Mountain, is not far away from Sizhou. 2. Qingluo, refers to Luo Jian, now the Luo River in Anhui, the source of Hefei, Anhui, flowing north to Huaiyuan into the Huaihe River. Sizhou is on the north bank of the Huai River. Diffuse, the appearance of the water is vast. 3. Snow Foam Milk Flower, the white foam that floats when tea is decocted. In ancient times, tea was made with white milk color and delicate foam. Su Shi's "Moon on the Western River" (Long Bak's finest tea of the year) says: "The soup is cloud-colored and white, and the tea is lightly rounded with flowers and milk. 4. Polygonum: young shoots of polygonum. Artemisia: lettuce shoots. Spring Plate: A custom since the Tang Dynasty, when spring cakes and lettuce were served as gifts to friends and relatives on the day of the first day of spring, it was called spring plate. Words written not far from the spring, so the first "taste". Appreciation This is a lyric about traveling. Yuanfeng seven years (1084), Su Shi from Huangzhou transferred to Ruzhou (present-day Henan Linru), on the way to the appointment, had a small stay in Sizhou, this lyric is during this period, and friends in Sizhou near the Nanshan play when written. The first piece is about the scenery seen in Nanshan Mountain: the weather is slightly cold, but the "light rain and slanting wind" has the intention to "make", the weather clears up, and the smoke and willows along the beach seem to "charm", and in front of the eye into the Huaiqing Luo, it seems as if the gradual flow of gradually see the wide and faraway infinity. This is not the intention of the scenery, in the eyes of the person who has the intention, but it seems to have feelings everywhere. The next piece of writing lunch break, cooking tea picnic. Cream-colored white tea accompanied by fresh vegetables, a unique flavor. The main idea of the whole word, finally fell on the word "happy", see the author's appreciation of the mood of life. The whole word is elegant, can feel the author's elegant, calm state of mind, because of this state of mind, to taste the unique flavor of life.
Raccoon Brook Sand Su Shi (four)
Contents The wind presses the light clouds to fly against the water, and the swallows compete with the mud in the pool pavilion at the first clear day. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do it. I don't hear the geese on the sand, and I hear the partridges in the bamboo. Only the fallen flowers know this feeling! Appreciation and Analysis This is an aria of spring. The first piece of the scene and feelings, first real and then virtual; the second piece of the combination of virtual and real, see the scene in the feelings. The whole lyric is a mixture of scene and situation, and the realm is highly marvelous. "The wind presses the light clouds to fly against the water, and the swallows compete for mud in the pool pavilion at the first clear day." The author first sketched out a vibrant spring picture with a simple brush. He did not use heavy colors nor flashy words, but only lightly sketched out the wind, clouds, water, swallows, mud and other early spring scenery. In a cloudy and sunny spring day, the author wandered inside and outside the pool hall, but see the wind blowing on the earth, thin clouds against the water swiftly fly, light cloudy shelving rain, the weather is clearing, that the mud of the new swallows, is softly murmuring. In the face of this good spring scenery, the author went on to say a "Shen Lang sickly not win clothes", the author of Shen York's canon, said his own waist belt reduction, thin and damaged, at the time of the value of Zi Yang and clear air, more weak. This happy scene, sadness contrast, its sadness is deeper. The three verbs of "press", "stick" and "fly" make the first sentence form a linking sentence, vibrating the whole picture. The second sentence is to write the time and space together, in the early spring, inside and outside the pool hall. These two sentences are brightly colored. The third sentence points out the author himself, and due to the outward projection of emotion, the whole picture suddenly changes from bright to gloomy. In this way, it produces the aesthetic effect of falling, and adds to the dynamic beauty of the words. "I don't hear the letter of wild geese on the sand, and I hear the partridge cry among the bamboos." The allusion to the letter sent by wild geese is often used in poems and lyrics from the Book of Han - Su Wu's Biography. Nowadays, even the geese don't send letters. The sound of partridge cries reminds the lyricist of his nostalgia for the old days. The "sand" and "bamboo" are the habitat of geese and partridges respectively, and most probably the scene that the author sees. During his banishment to Huangzhou, the author wrote "picking all the cold branches and refusing to live, the lonely sandbar cold" ("Bu San Zi - Huangzhou Ding Hui Yuan Residence") of the situation, similar to this word. The phrase "Only the fallen flowers know this feeling!" uses the technique of emotion transfer to make the poem more memorable. The sentence uses the technique of empathy to turn the ignorant fallen flower into a confidant who knows the author's feelings well. This blend of feelings into the scene makes the scene blend, especially intriguing. The word "only" indicates that people do not understand the author's mood except for the falling flowers; and the falling flowers can understand the author's mood precisely because of the fate of the author and the falling flowers; but it is particularly unfortunate that the falling flowers are speechless, even if it understands the author's mood, there is nothing to persuade it.
Raccoon brook sand Li Qingzhao (one)
Contents Bun hurt spring lethargic more comb, evening wind courtyard fall plum early, light clouds to and from the moon sparse. The Jade Duck Furnace idle Rui brain, Zhu Cherry bucket tent cover tassel, through the rhinoceros also solve the cold no. Author Li Qingzhao (1084-1155?), No. Yi Anju Shi, Zhangqiu, Qi Zhou (now belongs to Jinan, Shandong Province), known for his words, has high artistic attainments. His father, Li Gefei, was a famous scholar at that time, and his husband, Zhao Mingcheng, was a jinshi archaeologist. Early life is well off, and Mingcheng *** with dedicated to the collection and organization of calligraphy, painting and goldsmith. When the Jin soldiers entered the Central Plains and lived in the south, Mingcheng fell ill and died, leaving him in a lonely situation. The lyrics he wrote were mostly about his leisurely life in the early period, and in the later period, he lamented his life, and his mood was sentimental, and some of them showed his nostalgia for the Central Plains. Formally, he made good use of the technique of white description, opened up his own way, and his language was clear and beautiful. On words, he emphasized the harmony of rhythm, advocated elegance and sentiment, put forward the idea that words are "another family", and opposed to making words by the method of poetry and literature. He was able to write poems, not many of which have survived, but some of them were very generous in their feelings for the times and history, unlike his style of lyrics. There are "Yi An Ju Shi Anthology" and "Yi An Words", which have been lost. Later, there is "Soyu words" compilation. Nowadays, there is Li Qingzhao's Annotated Collection. (Rhetoric 1989) Note lazy "flowers and plants compilation" as "lethargy". Poetry of Famous Women of All Ages" as "annoyed". Jade duck smoker: jade (or white porcelain) of the duck-shaped incense burner to light incense. Smoker shape is various, there are unicorn-shaped, lion-shaped, duck-shaped, etc.; material is also gold, brass, brass, iron, jade, porcelain and other different. Rui brain: a spice name. Cherry bucket tent: bucket tent, over the bucket-shaped tent. Tassel: refers to the tents drooping spikes, generally with five-color feathers or colorful thread coiled and knotted. Rhinoceros: rhinoceros, the horn of the rhinoceros. The word "left" should be the mistake of "pass". Appreciation and analysis of the lyrics, when Li Qingzhao's young works. The author uses the artistic technique of white description to draw two light and elegant pictures: one is the outdoor picture of "a lady's wife hurting spring at night", and the other is the indoor picture of "a lady's wife harboring people at night". The different feelings are expressed through the typical images with the same basic features, thus forming their own unique moods. The two images reflect each other, complement each other, are interesting and highlight the purpose of the words.
Raccoon Brook Sand Li Qingzhao (Part II)
Contents The embroidered hibiscus opens up with a smile, and the slanting ducks are lining the cheeks of the scented cheeks, and the waves of the eyes are only moving to be guessed by others. The eyes are only moved by people's guesses. One side of the flavor has a deep rhyme, half of the paper hate to send the secret feelings, the moon shifts the shadow of the flowers about to come back. Note Embroidered face: before the Tang and Song dynasties, women's foreheads and cheeks were plastered with decorative patterns. Hibiscus: lotus flower, here refers to very good-looking. Fly: "Poetry Through the Ages" as "snuggle" Bao Duck: refers to the two cheeks of the pasted raven-shaped pattern, can refer to Dunhuang frescoes feeder of women's paintings, or thought to refer to the head of the hairpin in the shape of a duck-shaped hairpin, hairpin, ancient women's head of the ornaments. Fragrant cheeks: beautiful and fragrant cheeks. One side: the whole face. Style: the love of men and women. Rhyme: standardized. Paper: paper, referring to letter paper and poem paper. Appreciation and Analysis This is an early work of Yi An. It is about a woman with a beautiful style who meets with her beloved and writes a letter to ask her to meet again. The character's portrait is depicted by comparing, setting off, and describing from the side. The language is lively and natural, and the tone is cheerful and handsome.
Raccoon Brook Sand Li Qingzhao (Part III)
Contents The cup is deep and the amber is thick, and before I get drunk, I want to get drunk first, and the sparse bell should be the wind in the evening. The Rui Brain fragrance eliminates the soul dream breaks, and the cold gold small bun hair loose, wake up empty to the candle flower red. The first thing you need to do is to get rid of the amber. Amber: the resin of pine and cypress accumulated in the ground for hundreds of millions of years and formed fossils, brown or reddish-brown. Amber: the color of the wine is very strong, like amber. Sparse bell: intermittent bell sound. Rui Brain: the name of a kind of smoked incense, also known as lobster brain, that is, ice chips. Soul and Dream: the soul of a dream, referring to the mind and spirit of a sleeping person. Paikanjin: Ren Fang's "Recounting the Differences": "During the Three Kingdoms period, Kunming State Tribute Wei Cushion Gold Bird. It was a bird in the shape of a finch, yellow in color, often soaring over the sea, spitting gold quietly like a corn. In winter, the bird was afraid of frost and snow, and the Emperor of Wei raised a greenhouse to house it, which was called Paixiantai (辟寒台). Therefore, it is said to spit this gold for the cold gold." Poet then to Paixian gold refers to the precious gold, "Paixian gold small", a metaphor for the small gold headdress. The "Lefu YaYi" as "broken", error. Bun: two hair styles of ancient women. Candle Flower: the knot of embers when the candle burns. Appreciation and Analysis This poem was written when Li Qingzhao was young. It is written about the mistress of the house, who wakes up in a dream of loneliness and infinite feelings of separation. Through the contrast between before and after the dream, the young woman's heavy sadness is emphasized from the side. The whole word is written about lovesickness, but not the word lovesickness, with the artistic characteristics of the euphemisms.
Raccoon Brook Sand Li Qingzhao (4)
Contents The spring is deep in the small courtyard, the curtains are not yet rolled up, and the shadows are deep, and I lean on the building without a word to the yaoqin. The mountain peaks are pushing the twilight, the fine winds are blowing the rain, and the pear blossoms are dying, so I'm afraid it's hard to stop them. Note Idle Window: Originally written as "间窗", this is a mistake for "闲" (idle). The window with a guardrail. Idle, also appendage. Idle window, generally used as the meaning of leisure. Sinking: refers to the darkness of the boudoir and the heavy shadow. Ri Yaoqin: Ri, adjusting and setting the tone, generally refers to playing the qin. Yaoqin: a beautiful instrument decorated with jade. Cui: distant mountains. Twilight: evening, dusk. Fine wind: a slight breeze. Light shade: dark and light. Appreciation and Analysis This poem belongs to Li Qingzhao's former works. The author uses the artistic technique of blending scenarios and implicit and implicit writing to write out the hostess's sad spring and nostalgic feelings. Spring and nostalgia are complementary to each other. The words "cui" and "get" are well crafted. The word "get" writes a picture of wind and rain playing with the clouds, and the cloudy sky is floating and rolling, which expresses the desolate state of mind of the hostess who is alone in the world. Raccoon Creek Sand Li Qingzhao (Part 5) The red sun is already three zhang high, the golden furnace is adding incense to the beasts, and the red brocade floor clothes are wrinkled with each step. The good lady dances and points the gold hairpin to slip, and when the wine is bad, the flowers and stamens are sniffed, and the pipes and drums are heard in the other halls. Note: The red sun, the other version of the "curtain day". Three zhang through, three zhang is an imaginary number. It refers to the height of the rising sun. Through: through. Gold stove, not as "beauty". The golden burner is a copper incense burner. Next: in order. Beast: a beast-shaped fuel made of spiced charcoal. Ground clothes: carpets. Beautiful woman: refers to the courtesan. Dance point, do not do "dance rush", "dance Che", dance point". Dance a tune to the beat of the music. Slippery: slippery. "Wine", not "wine". It is also known as "Zhongjiu", which means to be slightly drunk. "Shouxian", not "Shijian", "Shijie". Often take. Stamen: here refers to flowers. Smell: smell. Other Palace: the palace other than the main palace where the emperor lived. Xiao and drum: Xiao and drum. Generally refers to musical instruments.