1, love poetry this is to love (including mourning) for the theme of the poem, also known as "love song", "girlfriends". Love poems have a long history since the Classic of Poetry, mainly describing the love of men and women and love life, or expressing the feelings of parting and lovesickness. For example, "Either way", "A Long Way to the Altair Star", "Untitled" ("It is difficult to see each other when it is difficult to say goodbye," Li Shangyin), "Magpie Bridge" ("Fiber cloud trick" Qin Guan) and so on.
2. Satirical poems are poems that expose the darkness of society and the cruelty of the world by means of mockery or persuasion, and express the voices of the people or righteous people, also known as "satirical poems", and sometimes also called "political satire". Satirical poems also have a long history, and have never disappeared since the Classic of Poetry until modern times. For example, the "rat", "cut sandalwood", "bee" (Tang - Luo Yin), "title Lin'an residence" (Southern Song Dynasty - Lin Sheng), "drunken peace" ("ridicule of small gains" Yuan Dynasty Anonymous) and so on.
3, philosophical poetry this is a description of specific things through the discussion, to send or expound some kind of philosophical poetry. Some of them point out the theme, and some of them are implicit, leading people to think. Famous poems such as Su Shi's "Questions on the Western Forest Wall" and "Poem on the Zither", and Zhu Xi's "Feelings on Viewing Books". In addition, some poems are not philosophical poems, but some of the verses are philosophical (such as "the mountains and the water is no way out, dark flowers and a village", "the green hills can not be covered, after all, the east flow to go", etc.), should also pay attention to.
4, farewell poem this is also the earliest, one of the most common themes, mainly written in parting, or to inspire encouragement, or to express the deep friendship, or to express the sorrow of parting. Because the farewell is often associated with climbing mountains and facing the water, it is also called "landscape farewell poem". For example, "Send Du Shaofu to Shu Chuan" (Wang Bo), "Send Meng Haoran to Guangling" (Li Bai), "Farewell to Dong Da" (Gao Shi) and so on.
5, remembering the line of poetry, also known as remembering travel poetry, travel poetry. Or to describe the personal experience of travel, or to show the feelings of homesickness, a combination of narrative and lyricism. This kind of poem is inseparable from the description of landscape scenery, so also known as "landscape poetry". This is slightly different from pure landscape poems, which are mainly "lyric poems". Such as Du Fu's "travel night", Ma Zhiyuan's "Autumn Thoughts", can not be regarded as landscape poetry.
6, the border poetry is to describe the border scenery, reflecting the life of the border generals as the basic content of the poem. Famous poets of the Tang Dynasty include Gao Shi, Cen Sen, Wang Changling, Wang Zhilu, Li Chip and so on. Gao Shi's "Swallow Song Line", Cen Sen's "White Snow Song Sends Judge Wu Back to Beijing", Wang Zhilu's "Liangzhou Lyrics", Wang Changling's "Out of the Seaside", and Fan Zhongyan's "Ao of the Fisherman's House" ("The scenery is different in the autumn under the Seaside") of the Song Dynasty are all popular masterpieces.
7, ahistorical poetry this is to chant or comment on historical stories, historical figures as the subject matter, through which to express feelings, satirical poetry, usually after the narrative; there are also some only narrated comparison and contrast without discussion, so that the reader to think about. The poems on the theme of history are famously represented by Ban Gu's "Winged History" and Zuo Si's "Eight Poems on Winged History" of the Western Jin Dynasty. Since then, it has been developing and more poems on history have appeared, such as Zhang Jie's The Burning of the Book Pit, Li Shangyin's Jia Sheng, Du Mu's The Question of Wujiang Pavilion (with which Wang Anshi had sung against), and Wen Tingjun's The Scripture of the Five Writings of the Original, all of which are famous.
8, aria. This is through the chanting of natural or social things, to express the thoughts and feelings of the poem, the object to express their aspirations, symbolism and simulation is its common methods. These poems have appeared in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, and there are more and more masterpieces after the Tang Dynasty. Such as Wang Wei's "lovesickness" ("red beans in the south"), Li Bai's "egrets", Du Fu's "return goose", Lu You's "divination operation number - aria plum", Yu Qian's "lime", Wang Guan's "ink plum" and so on, are all borrowed from the natural world, the expression of their own mind of the masterpiece.
9, aria. This is to chant personal ambitions, reflecting or satirizing the society as the theme of the poem, than Xing, symbolism, association and so on is its main techniques. The poem is also derived from the Classic of Poetry, which is one of the most important poems in ancient poetry. Such as Qu Yuan's "Li Sao", "Shibu Jiang", Li Bai's "difficult to travel", "will enter the wine", Chen Zi'ang's "Ascending the Youzhou Terrace Song", Su Shi's "Tingfengbo", "encountered in the sand lake road", Lu You's "book indignation" and so on, are all touching aria masterpiece.
10, nostalgic poems. By hanging monuments and produce associations, imagination, cause feelings and express feelings and aspirations, this kind of poem is wistful poetry. Huai Gu Poetry can be categorized into the major categories of poetry, but unique features; Huai Gu Poetry and Wing Shi Poetry is slightly different, Huai Gu Poetry is the old monuments and lyricism, and Wing Shi do not have to personally to the historical sites, in the study can be written. The first is that it is not possible to get the best out of the world, but it is possible to get the best out of the world, and it is possible to get the best out of the world, and it is possible to get the best out of the world, and it is possible to get the best out of the world, and it is possible to get the best out of the world, and it is possible to get the best out of the world, and it is possible to get the best out of the world, and it is possible to get the best out of the world, and it is possible to get the best out of the world.
Landscape poems and idyllic poems are familiar to readers, so I will not introduce them. In addition, there are painting poems, palace poems, untitled poems, etc., because of their themes or compatible with other themes, or depending on the content of the poem to determine, will not be repeated. (Wen/Ju Wenjia Liu Quanming
The test changed from a single poem to a comparison of two poems. In terms of the number of questions, two poems obviously increase the reading capacity; in terms of difficulty analysis, it also increases the difficulty of comprehension. 2000 exam was a comparison of Zhao Shixiu's "About a Guest" and Wang Jia's "Rain and Clearing": both poems are seven-poem and scenic poems. However, one is a Song poem written in early summer and the other is a Tang poem written in spring. The end of the poem is imaginative, but the flavor is different. 2003 spring exam question is still a comparison of the two poems, belonging to the same poem "Hua Qing Gong". Although the same object, the writing style is different: one is by the Tang poet Du Mu, through the description of the lychee delivery, satirizing the Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei's lust and misuse of the country; the other is by the Song poet Du Chang, through the depiction of the bleak scenery of the Huaqing Palace, expressing the author's sense of the rise and fall of successive dynasties. 2004 spring exam questions is a comparison of two related poems, a Wang Wei's "Acacia," which is also titled "On the River" and one is "For Li Guenian," which is also titled "On the River". One is Wang Wei's "Love in Love", which is also titled "Gift to Li Guinian", and the other is Du Fu's "Meeting Li Guinian in Jiangnan", which shows that both poems are related to Li Guinian, and that Li Guinian's destiny reflects the decline of the Great Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline. Although they are both lyrical poems, one expresses friendship, and the other expresses thoughts of the homeland. From the above, we can see that the comparison of the two poems is generally related, similar and identical.
Six common descriptive techniques in the college entrance examination
Writing scenery is one of the common contents of ancient poetry, the author through the description of the scenery, can render the atmosphere, express emotions, deepen the center, and promote the development of the plot. We appreciate poetry, in addition to reading the literal meaning of the words, to enhance the quality of thought and aesthetic feelings, but also pay attention to the poet with language writing landscape form and skills. Descriptive techniques are mainly divided into positive description and side description, the college entrance examination common description appreciation angle has the following six kinds:
(1) side description --- set off
Such as the Yuan dynasty Wang Guan's "white plum": ice and snow forest with this body, different from the peach and plum mixed with the dust. Suddenly, a clear wind rose up one night, scattering it into ten thousand miles of spring in Qiankun.
The poem highlights the plum blossom cold, noble, spring features, the main use of set off, contrasting techniques, set off is through the description of A to make B show more prominent method. Setting off is a way to make B more prominent through the description of A. Setting off is divided into reflection and counterpoint. For example, in "Dreaming of Tianmu Yin Liubie", "Tiantai 18,000 zhang, which wants to fall southeast pouring" is to use the height of Tiantai to reflect the height of Tianmu, "Pipa Xing" in the moon in the river, "only to see the white moon in the autumn of the river" to set off the lute sound fascinating, "when I was leaving, the vast expanse of time, the moon is white", "Pipa Xing" to set off the sound of lute. In "Pipa Xing", the moon in the river "only see the white moon in the center of the river" sets off the fascinating sound of the pipa, and "the moon in the river" sets off the bleak mood of the characters. In "Xiangji Xuanzhi", "all the music is alive" is used to contrast the "silence of the court steps".
(2) a variety of rhetorical devices
Such as Xin Qiji's "Touching the Fish": Chunxi Ohio, from Hubei Caozhu moved to Hunan, Wang Zhengzhi, a fellow official, set up a small mountain pavilion, for the endowment.
How many times can we eliminate the wind and rain? The spring is back in a hurry. Spring is always afraid of flowers bloom early, not to mention the countless red. Spring and live, see said, the end of the world grass no return road. I'm not saying anything about the spring. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that, but I'm going to be able to do it, and I'm going to be able to do it.
The long door thing, quasi-proposed good time and miss, moth eyebrow had someone jealous. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands on some of the most popular products and services in the world. The first thing you need to do is not to dance, you can't see it, the jade ring and swallow are all dust! Idle sorrows are the most bitter. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal of money to pay for the work.
The first section of the word, the author of the scene in the process of the main rhetorical methods used in the questioning and comparison, the use of rhetorical devices in poetry, and other styles of literature in the rhetorical role of the same. Students should be good at spotting rhetorical devices and explaining their effects. For example, simile is to visualize things more vividly (Suddenly the spring breeze comes, and thousands of pear blossoms bloom.) Comparison is to personify things (Birds love the old forest, fish miss the old pond.) Rhetorical question is to emphasize (If two loves last long, is it not in the morning and evening?). Hyperbole is to emphasize and highlight (White hair is three thousand zhang, the edge of the sadness like a long); Couplets are to enhance the musical beauty of the poem, expressive condensation, lyrical sound, and enhance the beauty of the external form of the poem (Boundless fall of trees Xiao Xiao Xia Xia, the Yangtze River rolls on and on); In ancient poems, substitution and simile are common rhetorical devices, students should pay attention to them. In particular, students should pay attention to the difference between simile and metaphor (simile focuses on the similarity between different things, and metaphor focuses on turning the emotionless into the sentient), borrowing is to replace a thing with something related to it, such as a part instead of the whole (a sail can replace a boat, and a feathered forest replaces a soldier), and the difference between dyadic and comparative (comparative mainly focuses on the opposite or relative content of the meanings regardless of the structural form; dyadic mainly focuses on the symmetry of the structural form, requiring the words are equal, the same or similar structure), but also pay attention to a variety of rhetorical techniques integrated cross-utilization.
(3) Positive description - a combination of static and dynamic
For example, Wang Wei's "Autumn Night in the Mountain Dwelling": after the new rain on the empty mountains, the weather is late in the fall. The moon shines between the pines, and the spring flows over the rocks. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal of money to pay for the services. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands dirty.
The enjambment describes the moon in the sky, the pines as a cover, is a static description, the spring is fresh and clean, flowing above the rocks, is a dynamic description. The spring because of the rain after the amount of water, the flow increased, flowed from the stone, murmuring, to move against the static, contrasted with the tranquility of the mountains. The poet describes the scenery pays great attention to the scenery dynamic and static contrast each other, can be combined with static and dynamic, can also be written in static, to write static, to write static, to move against static. The combination of static and dynamic is often related to set off. For example, Li Bai's "look at Mount Lu waterfalls" "look at the waterfalls hanging in front of the river" wrote the first image of the waterfalls from afar, like a huge white practice hanging in the mountains, "hanging" word into motion for the static. Another example is Wang Wei's "Birdsong Stream", which reads, "The osmanthus flowers fall in idleness, and the night is quiet and the spring mountains are empty. The moonrise startles the mountain birds, and the birds are singing in the spring stream," highlighting the quietness of the spring stream with the flowers falling, the moonrise, and the birds singing, and Wang Ji's "Entering Ruoye Stream," with "The cicadas clamoring in the forest are getting quieter, and the birds chirping on the mountains are even more secluded." It is also to write silence with sound, and to set off silence with movement. The "mountains dance with silver snakes and the original wax statues" are written in motion.