China's salute practice began in founding ceremony. 1In August, 949, President Mao Zedong proposed that the opening of the first China People's Political Consultative Conference and founding ceremony should fire a salute with 28 shots to show that it has gone through a glorious course of 28 years from the founding of the Producers' Party of China to the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC).
In mid-August, Gao Cunxin, commander of the special forces of North China Military Region, conveyed the instructions of Commander Nie of North China Military Region to the newly formed salute regiment of the military region: "founding ceremony is scheduled to be held in the afternoon of June 65438+ 10/day. The first item of the celebration is to play the national anthem, raise the national flag and salute; There must be 54 salutes, representing 54 aspects of CPPCC; A 28-gun salute was fired, representing the 28-year victory of the people's revolutionary struggle in China led by the Producers' Party of China. This was decided by Chairman Mao himself, and we must complete the task well. The salute regiment consists of special forces in North China. " Zhao Daman was the commander-in-chief of the salute regiment, and Han Huaizhi, chief of staff of the chariot regiment, was the on-site commander. Then 108 mountain artillery was transferred from Zhangjiakou and other places as the salute of founding ceremony. These salutes mainly captured the Japanese 75mm 94 mountain artillery and the 75mm 14 mountain artillery made by Shanxi Arsenal in imitation of Japanese mountain artillery. Japanese Type 94 mountain gunner has a length of 1560mm, a bullet weight of 6.34kg (Grenade), a range of 8300m and a total gun weight of 536kg. With the sound of salute, select platoon, company and battalion cadres with good military and political quality from all artillery units, including war heroes.
1 949 65438+1October13pm, the founding ceremony ceremony was held in Tiananmen Square, accompanied by the 28 megatron cannon of 108 salute, which ushered in the birth of the people and the country of China. After founding ceremony, according to the instructions of Premier Zhou Enlai, all the 108 mountain guns of the Salute Regiment were stored as national precious cultural relics in specially built gun depots for safekeeping.
In front of founding ceremony, the opening ceremony of China People's Political Consultative Conference was saluted in front of Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai. At that time, nine salutes were used and 54 bullets were fired. Later, when celebrating the 5th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the 10 anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, a celebratory salute was fired. The salute used was still the mountain gun used by founding ceremony.
Later, from 65438 to 0990 in Beijing, 28 salutes were fired to celebrate the 35th anniversary, 45th anniversary, 50th anniversary of People's Republic of China (PRC)'s founding, 50th anniversary of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory and the 1 1 Asian Games. Many countries will fire salutes when holding grand celebrations, but the number of times and the time of firing are also different. For example, the birthday of the British monarch rang 62 times, and the opening and closing of parliament rang 4 1 time; On the National Day of the United States, military camps across the country rang bells 50 times to show the 50 States of the United States; 1945 on may 9, the Soviet union fired 30 shots with a 1000 gun when it fired a salute to celebrate the victory day of the anti-fascist war.
According to international practice, salute is divided into celebration salute and welcome salute. The firing of the welcome salute is the highest standard of courtesy in the grand welcoming ceremony held for state guests. Every head of state rings 21; Welcome foreign heads of government, and then dial 19. China's welcome salute began with the ceremony of welcoming Indonesian President Su Jianuo on June 6th. At that time, before President Su Jianuo's second visit to China, he proposed that China should be escorted by eight fighter jets from the Air Force before the presidential plane arrived at the airport. At the welcoming ceremony at the airport, according to the international standards for welcoming heads of state, 2 1 salute was fired. Since China has never fired a salute to welcome guests since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Premier Zhou Enlai handed over the task of firing a salute to the salute brigade in Beijing Garrison. Wang Litang, the battalion commander of Etiquette Camp, led his men to select 24 salutes from founding ceremony 108 and store them in the armory of Tiananmen Management Office, and organized temporary training for soldiers to successfully complete the task. After that, there was still no salute to greet the national guests. In order to establish a salute force in China and make the greeting etiquette more in line with international practice, in June 1963, Premier Zhou Enlai instructed to set up a salute company in the Central Guard Division. Teacher Zeng Shaodong handed over the task of forming a salute company to the ceremonial camp. The superior transferred Niu Maolin, who was familiar with the business of a certain army126th regiment in founding ceremony salute mission, to the ceremonial camp. Niu Maolin served as the company commander, three platoon leaders and 24 gunners were all released from this unit. Dozens of people were transferred from companies such as the MC Camp to form a salute company. Those 94-type mountain guns that have made great achievements in the war years and have long since retired have been "invited" out of the warehouse for re-service because of their short size, good maneuverability and loud voice. Six horses came to Nanyuan etiquette camp with 28 cannons. In order to make the salute sound orderly when it is fired, the Ordnance Department is specially invited to organize special personnel to improve the gun launching device. At first, it was manual firing, and later it was improved to electronic firing. May 1964, 16 Abd, Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Sudanese Armed Forces and Chairman of the Council of Ministers, was the first state guest greeted by China's official salute.