Jiaozhou Yangge, also known as "Ground Yangge" and "Running Yangge", or "Twisting off the Waist" and "Three Bends" in folklore, is one of the three major rice-planting songs in Shandong Province. Jiaozhou rice-planting song has a history of more than 230 years, in the Qing Dynasty, Jiaozhou Bao Yan Tun Zhao, Ma two families fled Guandong in 1764, begging and singing along the way, and gradually formed a kind of dance and singing form. After returning to their hometown, they were passed down through the years and improved continuously, and were basically formed in 1863, with certain programs for dance, singing and accompaniment. There were 10 actors divided into 5 lines, such as drums, mallets, cuihua, fan women, etc., and the performance programs included cross plums, big swinging team, digging heart, anti-digging heart, and two doors, etc. In addition to suona, there were also gongs, drums, cymbals, small cymbals, and gongs, etc., and there were more than 30 songs and tunes in the opera. In 1957, Jiaozhou Yangge was performed in Beijing and won favorable comments. After that, 150 cultural and artistic organizations came to Jiaozhou to learn Jiaozhou Yangge, and Beijing National Dance Academy also listed Jiaozhou Yangge as a compulsory course. 1991 "China's First Yangge Competition", Jiaozhou Yangge was awarded the excellent prize.
"Jiaozhou Rice-planting Song" is famous for its brilliant artistic charm, and was successfully selected as a national intangible cultural heritage list in 2006. Jiaozhou Rice-planting Song is one of the three major rice-planting songs in Shandong Province, and its dance, music and melodrama are unique among the Chinese rice-planting song groups. However, there is no definite conclusion as to when exactly the Jiaozhou Yangge originated.
The origin of Jiaodong Yangge, urgent
Giaozhou Yangge is the representative of Jiaodong Yangge.
The Jiaozhou Yangge has a history of more than 300 years, and is mainly practiced in Jimo, Huangdao, Jiaonan and Gaomi. It is prevalent in the 50-mile radius around the county seat of Jiao County, and is most prevalent along the Dagu River.
On the origin of "Jiaozhou Yangge", there is a legend: a long time ago, there were Li, Wang two families (also said Feng, Zhao two families), they are very close relatives, encountered a disaster, the two couples, each with a girl, son, daughter-in-law, playing the flower drums, to go out and flee the famine for food. The "Jiaozhou Rice-planting Song" started from their performance in disguise when they were begging for food. Legend has it that their performances always start with a person saying a few words and then start walking, dancing and then performing some small plays.
Until today, the dance of the female character of "Jiaozhou Yangge" still retains the action of carrying a bag. Jiaozhou Yangge was originally known as "Ground Yangge", "Running Yangge", "Three Roads Bend", "Twisted Waist", etc. After the founding of China, in order to be different from other areas of Yangge, it is now known as the "Jiaozhou Yangge", which is the most popular form of Yangge in China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to distinguish it from other areas of Yangge, it was collectively called "Jiaozhou Da Yangge" because it was mainly active in the suburbs of Jiaozhou.
The basic establishment of Jiaozhou rice-planting songs is 24 people, and if the number of people increases, it must be an even number, and the rice-planting teams need to have one or two people to organize the leader, who is responsible for the affairs of the whole team, and is commonly known as the "rice-planting master". There is also a person by the rice-planting team of coaches or old actors to fill, called "umbrella head".
The head of the umbrella must have a quick eye and hand, flexible, articulate ability to read some jingles or say some words of good luck before the show, the language must be funny and humorous. In addition to this, the Yangge team must have a coach of 3 to 5 people, specializing in training actors and actresses at the same time.
The roles of the ryant are categorized as "Cuihua", "Fan Girl", "Little Man", "Drums", and "Mallet", "There are five kinds of roles, generally two or four for each kind of role, not singular. Cuihua is a young woman and girl who performs with generous and stretching movements, showing women's spiciness, cheerfulness and generosity, but also gentle and skillful character.
Little Man is a young girl, performing innocent, lively and playful movements. The drummer and mallet are both middle-aged and young men. The drummer is witty and the mallet is heroic.
The musical accompaniment of the Jiaozhou Yangge is generally a beautiful melody, varied tones, fast rhythm, and a strong sense of local flavor of the feather tune folk wind music. The music and dance movements of the rice-planting songs are closely coordinated, and the eighth notes used in the music to express the rhythmic characteristics of the rice-planting dance "slow to do and fast to close" are apt and typical, and the music is flexibly used according to the mood of the dance, and the two are in a high degree of harmonization in terms of strength and speed.
Today, the unique style of Jiaozhou Yangge is even more colorful, many foreigners come to Jiaozhou to learn Yangge, and many local artists are invited to go out to teach their skills. What's even better is that Jiaozhou Yangge has been compiled as a dance textbook for art colleges and universities, and has become a mandatory course for folk dance in art colleges and universities across the country.
Cultural Background of Jiaozhou Yangge
Dance and Dance
Jiaozhou Yangge is also known as "Ground Yangge" and "Running Yangge"; it is also known as "Twisting and Breaking the Waist" and "Three Bends", and is one of the three major Yangge in Shandong Province.
Jiaozhou rice-planting song has a history of more than 230 years, the Qing Dynasty Jiaozhou Bao Yan Tun Zhao, Ma two families fled Guandong in 1764, along the way, begging and singing, and gradually formed a form of dance and singing. After returning to their hometown, after many years of transmission, continuous improvement, to 1863 will be the basic shape, dance, singing, accompaniment have a certain program.
The 10 actors were divided into five lines, including drums, mallets, cuihua, fan women, etc., and the performance programs included cross plums, big pendulum team, digging heart, anti-digging heart, two doors, etc., and the accompanying instruments, besides suona, there were also gongs, drums, cymbals, cymbals, and gongs, etc., and there were more than 30 singing songs. 1860, based on Jiaozhou rice-planting songs, a small opera was created, with 35 scripts.
In 1957, Jiaozhou Yangge was performed in Beijing, which was highly praised. After that, 150 cultural and art groups came to Jiaozhou to learn Jiaozhou Yangge, and Beijing National Dance Academy also listed Jiaozhou Yangge as a compulsory course.
In 1991, Jiaozhou Rice-planting Song was awarded the prize of excellence in the "China's First Rice-planting Song Competition". "Jiaozhou Rice-planting Song is famous throughout the country for its brilliant artistic charm, and in 2006, it was successfully selected as a national intangible cultural heritage list.
Jiaozhou Rice-planting Song is one of the three major rice-planting songs in Shandong Province, and its dances, musical numbers, and melodramas are unique among the Chinese rice-planting song groups. However, there is still no conclusion as to when exactly the Jiaozhou Yangge originated.
[Edit] founding of the Qingdao Cultural Journal, said the birthplace of Jiaozhou large rice-planting song is the east of Ma Dian Xiaotun, is the product of breaking into the East, the formation of the age of the late Qing dynasty, I had to the Journal contributors raised objections, and then the author told me, in the preparation of the "Jiaozhou Cultural Journal," the call for information found in Jiaozhou, Xianfeng nine years (1859), a scholar of the twelve Song Guanwei, "rice-planting song" poems are Seven-character stanzas, respectively, on the Jiaozhou rice-planting song six lines (actors) made a comprehensive description of the Jiaozhou Cultural Record, then the Jiaozhou rice-planting song of the formation of the age of revision for the Xianfeng three years (1853), the exact age should be between 1854 ~ 1858. I grew up in the rice-planting township of Jiaozhou on the banks of the Dagu River, and my love of rice-planting songs has prompted me to make a detailed examination and research on the origin, development, form and content of the Jiaozhou rice-planting songs over the past 20 years, and I would like to put forward the following opinions for your discussion.
First, based on Song Guanwei's twelve poems, there are no other examples. Second, according to the Qianlong version of the "Jiaozhou Zhi": "on the first day of the yuan, open lights, Chen miscellaneous drama, the noise of the night".
The book was written in 1752, after checking a variety of information, Jiaozhou in 1752 before any miscellaneous plays. Zhi in the "miscellaneous plays", should refer to the Jiaozhou Yangge opera.
Third, "Jiaozhou City Culture" in the East Xiaotun "horse, Zhao two surnames, abandoned their homes to break into the Guandong. On the way to escape, from begging and singing, and then changed to dance while singing, and gradually formed a number of simple dance programs and ditties with the local color of Jiaozhou, they returned to their hometowns, after generations, refined processing, to the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and gradually became a stereotypical dance rice-planting songs, "This said ignores the key issue of" rice-planting songs This ignores the key issue of the origin of the word "Yangge".
Rice-planting songs, originating in agricultural labor, is the southern working people planting rice seedlings sung by the labor song. The reason why there is a southern rice-planting song in Jiaozhou is because Jiaozhou was the largest harbor in the north during the Tang and Song dynasties.
The Northern Song Dynasty as the only set up in the north of the Hublot Division of the dock, and Jiangnan has a close connection. With the commercial trade with the south, the southern culture and arts such as Yangge and other labor songs were also spread to the north.
The Jiaozhou Yangge is a new art form formed by the introduction of local tunes from the south of the Yangtze River and the absorption of the essence of the northern opera. From the point of view of art form and category, Jiaozhou Yangge is a kind of theater, not just dancing and singing.
It has scripts, props, songs, actors and actresses, and is a lively form of song and dance theater. Such a variety of forms, rich in cultural connotations of the local theater, can not be formed in a remote village of less than a hundred families, but should be around the Jiaozhou maritime culture came into being.
From the analysis of its song, line and other artistic factors, the formation of Jiaozhou Yangge has undergone a relatively long process, which is related to the miscellaneous operas since the Southern Song Dynasty, the song, the author based on the Jiaozhou Yangge song, roles, forms of performance as well as the circulation of the regional cultural characteristics of the factors such as the Jiaozhou Yangge, Jiaozhou Yangge and the Yuan miscellaneous operas have a close relationship with the origin of the time at least in the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. One of the most important evidences of the relationship between Jiaozhou Yangge and Yuan miscellaneous operas is the performance form of Jiaozhou Yangge.
Jiaozhou rice-planting song is a square (street) four-way continuous visual form of performance, the actors perform in the face of the called week audience. According to evidence, this form of performance comes from the early theater.
Gu Xuejie Yuan Ming miscellaneous drama: "In recent years in the Jin, Shaanxi, Henan border areas found in the Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan era of the theater site, no less than ten places. One of the earliest named 'Dancing Pavilion', is a building on the terrace and the pavilion, can be viewed on all sides of the audience."
This shows that the predecessor of Chinese theater was developed from folk square performing arts. Jiaozhou Yangge opera has been retained in the form of square art (street) until the beginning of liberation, and then by the literary and artistic workers in the continuous reference to the form of its performing arts at the same time, the performance of the complete content of the performance part of the deleted theater part, the most representative part of the so forgotten, but the only glimpse of its ancient form is the dance part of the field before the performance.
The second important evidence that the Jiaozhou Yangge is related to the miscellaneous dramas is the character line. "The roles of the actors in Yuan miscellaneous operas can be divided into four major categories, namely, the end, Dan, Jing (including the ugly), and miscellaneous, with the end and Dan being the main colors, and each category being divided into a number of subdivided items (Gu Xuejie, "Yuan and Ming Miscellaneous Operas")."
Actors in the Jiaozhou Yangge Opera also have roles, which are: Xiao Man (Hua Dan), Fan (Hua Dan and Qing Yi), Cui Hua (Qing Yi and Lao Dan), Mallet (Mou, which is now Xiao Sheng and Wu Sheng), Drums (Lao Sheng and Clown), and Anointed Guest (Miscellaneous). The roles of the actors in the Yuan miscellaneous operas are strikingly similar to those in the Jiaozhou rice-planting operas, and very much in line with the characteristics of that era, which is not a coincidence, but a direct message from that era to us.
Wang Guowei in the "Remainder" has a general description: "Our country theater, Han Wei, since the hundred plays, to the Tang and is divided into song and dance drama and burlesque two kinds of song and dance drama and burlesque is especially prevalent in the Song Dynasty, but also gradually from the song and dance to the margins of the story, so the song and dance drama to the, no.
The history of the revolutionary events in Giaozhou, the city of Giaozhou, is a very important part of the history of the city.
The revolutionary events of Giaozhou
Giaozhou events, the title of the book.
Also known as the "fist bandits of the scourge". Ruoxu written in the early years of the Republic of China.
One volume. The author traveled to the area of Jiaozhou in his early years, and this book was written based on what he saw and heard.
A more detailed account of the twenty-third year of Qing Guangxu (1897), "Caozhou case" (also known as the "Juye case") occurred, the German imperialists forced troops to occupy the Jiaozhou Bay of the specific course of events and after the German army atrocities and so on, and pointed out: "...... the seizure of Jiaozhou, is the country's founding of five thousand years has not been the tragic disaster, for the beginning of the danger of our country's demise"; and countries have followed suit, "our fathers and mothers and children to push the source of the trouble, all hate the Germans to take Jiaozhou! ", showing a strong patriotic sentiment. In addition, the book also slightly involved in the activities of the Boxer Rebellion.
For the study of the "Caozhou case", the German occupation of Jiaoao and the Boxer Rebellion in Shandong and the reasons for the emergence of the movement, all have a certain reference value. Included in the Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Modern History Materials Special Issue - Boxer Rebellion Historical Materials (published by China Social Science Press).
Introduction to Jiaozhou YanggeJiaozhou Yangge, also known as Earth Yangge and Running Yangge, is one of the Han folk dances in Shandong Province, and is one of the three major rice-planting dances. Jiaozhou Yangge has a history of more than 230 years, in the Qing Dynasty, Jiaozhou Bao Yan Tun Zhao, Ma two families fled Guandong in 1764, begging and singing along the way, and gradually formed a kind of dance and singing form. After returning to their hometown, years of improvement, to 1863 molding, dance, singing, accompaniment have a certain form.
The historical development of the danceThe dance originated in the ancient agricultural labor, the Han Chinese working people in the fields hard rice planting, plowing, plowing labor, in order to beat the gongs and drums, used to cheer, in fact, as early as in the Song Dynasty there are records of singing rice-planting songs in the agricultural affairs. Later, people continued to enrich the development of the form of self-entertainment of farmers after work, songs and dances are collectively known as rice-planting songs. Nowadays, there are three types of rice-planting songs in the broad sense:
Singing, dancing and drama. In the narrow sense of the rice-planting song only refers to the rice-planting dance. After twisting the rice-planting song more developed into a singing and dancing, but also because of the differences in geography, the masses feel, and show different styles and characteristics. For example, the northern Shaanxi Yangge is robust and bright, free and unrestrained, the northeast Yangge is lively, humorous and playful, and the Shandong Yangge is bold and rugged, stretching and generous, etc.
Nowadays, Yangge is the most popular dance in China.
Now the style of rice-planting dance in addition to retaining the traditional twist, stilts, waist drums, flower stick, dry boat, and added into the modern dance, ski dance, fan dance, light dance and so on. The music of the Yangge has evolved from traditional folk music, such as suona, gongs and cymbals, to electronic music and different high-tech instruments. The melody of the music is not only the original Yangge tune, but also added to the folk music ensemble, rock music and so on.
When is the Jiaosu Yangge Festival 2012Hello! The third Chinese rice-planting festival will be held in early May in the city's grand opening, the rice-planting festival to "dragon blooming dance rice-planting" as the theme, the activity time from the previous two sessions of three days extended to one month. During this period, a large theme party will be held, the national intangible cultural heritage production exhibition, the national boutique rice-planting song exhibition, the national middle-aged and elderly fitness rice-planting song competition, such as ten plates of activities.
Among them, the large-scale theme party will be held on May 25 in Jiaozhou Sanlihe Park. At that time, the famous singer Tan Jing will be invited to sing the theme song of China Yangge Festival, and a number of national representative Yangge team will perform on stage. The National Intangible Cultural Heritage Production Exhibition will be held in Jiaozhou Shaohai China Yangge City, where more than 20 folk artists, including the heir of Tianjin Clay Man Zhang, Beijing Inner Painting Pot Artist, Suzhou Embroidery Artist, Zhejiang Branding Artist, and the inheritor of Gongsun Kiln in Jingdezhen, will show their masterpieces on the spot. National fine rice-planting song exhibition will invite a number of national intangible cultural heritage outstanding rice-planting song team and the city's outstanding rice-planting song team to focus on the appearance. The National Middle-aged and Elderly Fitness Yangge Competition will attract teams from 30 provinces and cities across the country to participate and take part in a large-scale street-stomping parade. In addition, there will be a Chinese rice-planting song photography exhibition, national calligraphy and painting masters invitational exhibition, food culture week, award ceremony and other activities.
I and Jiaozhou big rice-planting song essay"'Yinghai Cup' I and Jiaozhou big rice-planting song" prize essay notice In order to further excavate Jiaozhou rice-planting song deep cultural heritage, expand the influence of the second Chinese rice-planting song festival connotation, after research, decided to organize a "'Yinghai Cup' I and Jiaozhou big rice-planting song" prize essay notice. In order to further explore the deep cultural heritage of Jiaozhou Yangge and expand its influence, it was decided to organize the "'Yinghai Cup' I and Jiaozhou rice-planting song" prize essay writing activity.
Now the relevant matters are notified as follows. First, the organizers of the municipal party committee propaganda department, the city civilization office, the news center, education and sports bureau, cultural bureau, camping sea street office Second, the essay time Now until May 31, 2010 end Third, the essay requirements closely around the theme of Jiaozhou rice-planting song positive, highlighting the rapid economic and social development of the Jiaozhou, Jiaozhou show the deep cultural heritage and the citizens of the Jiaozhou good mental attitude, genre, word count is not limited.
Fourth, the award This essay will be awarded first, second and third prize. Among them, the first prize of 500 yuan, the second prize of 300 yuan, the third prize of 200 yuan, a number of commemorative awards, and issue certificates.
Competition works are uniformly sent to e-mail (jzxcb8070@sina), works should indicate the author's name, gender, age, unit, mailing address, contact phone number, postal code, etc., in order to contact. Paper copies should be mailed to Room 449, Municipal Office Building, No. 1 Beijing Road.
Contact: Zhang Lianye Tel: 82288160.