George Sand began to write literature after moving to Paris, and the complex influences of Rousseau, Chateaubriand, and Byron can be seen in her early works. Shortly after the July Revolution, she published her first full-length novel, "Antillana" (1832), which became an instant success. George Sand was a prolific writer, authoring more than 100 volumes of literary works, a 20-volume memoir, My Life, and numerous briefs and political essays during her lifetime. Her novels can be roughly divided into four stages: the early works are called passionate novels, representative works include Antiana, Valentina (1832), Lelia (1833), etc., all of which depict the unfortunate women who are disappointed in love and relentlessly pursuing independence and freedom, full of youthful enthusiasm and rebellious will. The second stage of his works is the imaginary socialist novels, represented by The Little History of Carpentry (1840), Consuelo (1843), and The Millworker of Angelborough (1845), etc. In these works, he put forward the idea of a "socialism", which is a kind of "socialism". In these works, he raised the question of the fate of women in capitalist society. Although he failed to point out the path to emancipation clearly, the works after all exposed the evils of the society at that time, attacked the property system and marriage system of capitalism, and then put forward the ideal of idealistic socialism. The third stage of his works was idyllic novels, represented by The Magic Marsh (1846), Fran?ois the Outcast (1848) and Petit Fadette (1849). George Sand's idyllic novels are characterized by lyricism, good at depicting the beautiful scenery of nature, rendering the quiet atmosphere of the countryside, with a strong romantic color. The fourth stage of his work is a legendary novel, represented by The Beautiful Man of the Golden Grove (1858). During the Second Empire, she had close dealings with the royal family, and was very incomprehensible to the Paris Commune Revolution, but opposed the brutal suppression of commune members, George Sand died on June 7, 1876, and was one of the earliest writers to reflect the feelings of the workers and their families, as well as the needs and aspirations of the workers. George Sand belonged to one of the earliest European writers to reflect the lives of workers and peasants, and her works are delicately depicted, with clear and fluent words, and a euphemistic and affectionate style, which is strongly infectious.
About George Sand and Chopin's feelings:
Chopin came to Paris in September 1831, and the rest of his life was linked to the artistic life of the city. Chopin socialized with many distinguished artists in the Salon, such as the musicians Liszt and Berlioz, the literary figures Hugo, Balzac, George Sand, and Heine, and the painter Delacroix. Through Liszt, Chopin met Mrs. Aurore Dudvang, known as Mrs. Dudvang, who had "melancholic eyes". Through Liszt, Chopin met Mrs. Aurore Dudwan, "a woman with melancholic eyes", also known as the novelist Georges Sand. George Sand, the world-famous novelist. Chopin's first impression of her was not favorable, but he was soon overcome by her charms. Dominated by a passion he had never experienced before, his musical imagination reached a high level of excitement. Every summer for the next eight years Chopin spent at the villa of Georges Sand in Noyon. The following eight years Chopin spent every summer at the villa of Georges Sand in Noyon. These were also the years of Chopin's greatest creative vigor. But his health deteriorated and his relationship with George Sand broke down. His relationship with George Sand was breaking down. His last letters are full of lonely despair, and he died a few months after returning to Paris from a performance in England in 1848 at the age of thirty-nine. His funeral took place to Mozart's Requiem and his own Funeral March. He was buried in the Lachaise Cemetery, and a friend sprinkled Polish soil on his grave.
In the winter of 1836 Chopin befriended a French woman writer six years his senior, Georges. Chopin, a frail, flamboyant, refined and gentle man, had a bad first impression of the anti-conformist and prolific writer Georges Sand. Sang, the first impression is not very good, but with the passage of time, George Sang more and more attracted the attention of Chopin, Chopin found and he was with him, he can pour out the deepest feelings.
Later, Chopin and George Sand lived together, and they maintained a relationship for nine years. The care that George Sand gave to Chopin helped to rejuvenate Chopin's talent, and the later years of their life together were the highest point in Chopin's composing career, the years when Chopin sang his "swan song". The years when Chopin sang his "swan song".
In 1846, Chopin and George Sand were married at the Chateau de Norham. Chopin and George Sand spent the last days of the fall together at Norham Hall, and in November, for various reasons, they separated.
Chopin came to Paris in a very melancholy mood, lung disease aggravated, the body is getting worse and worse, but in order to make a living, he had to be sick to teach students to play the piano. The next spring his health a little better, remembering and George Sand together these years, he was very touching, so, wrote a "Waltz in ascending C minor".
At first glance, you get the impression that it has a beautiful melody, but in fact it hides an unspoken sadness.
Chopin seems to be saying: sad? I don't care, I don't care, I don't care, I don't care. I don't care, I don't care, do what you have to do! ...... But he didn't care at all, the truth was hidden in the sadness of the round dance's excitement, the ebb and flow of his heart.
Then comes a lyrical adagio that seems like a reminiscence of past happy days with George Sand--
Chopin seems to be trying to forget the tragic realities of his life and to immerse himself in a sweet dream world of his own making, but the melody still can't help but be permeated by a deep melancholy.
In 1848, despite his serious illness, Chopin visited England and Scotland. In London, Chopin played for Queen Victoria, but the social life of England exhausted him, and his pupils took him to a country house to recuperate and gave him five thousand francs in ethane, which he desperately needed at the time. Chopin's final days were so lonely that he bitterly referred to himself as "an orphan from his mother".
Chopin died in Paris in October 1849, and in his will he had his heart shipped back to the motherland, where his body is buried in the Père Rushitz cemetery in Paris, close to the Père Rushitz cemetery, in the heart of the Père Rushitz cemetery, close to the Père Rushitz cemetery. Rushitz cemetery, next to the grave of his favorite composer, Bellini. At his funeral, his Funeral March and Mozart's Requiem were played, the cup of soil from his homeland, brought from Warsaw, was sprinkled on his casket, and his heart was shipped back to his homeland of Poland, which he had longed for, in a box, and placed in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Warsaw.
While almost all of Chopin's works are piano compositions, because the genres he created are so perfect, his emotional range is so vast, and the piano techniques he developed are so rich, there is no sense of limitation or narrowness at all, and it is like stepping into a vast world of art. As a result, Chopin's works were loved by almost all the piano masters, and it became fashionable to play Chopin's works, especially at the beginning of the 20th century.
Chopin is the Chopin of Poland, the Chopin of the world, the Chopin of the romantic era, and the Chopin of eternity. His spiritual light that transcends time and space, is not through nearly 2 centuries of the era of great change, has been in today's night sky flickering?
Women have no morals; their style of life depends entirely on the man they love."
More than one biographer has wanted to apply this to George Sand's political life. They said, "She had no theories; she followed the man she loved in her thoughts."
Actually, that's not true. Even before she loved someone, she already had her political views. Chopin was an aristocrat, Muse a skeptic; neither of them made George Sand an aristocrat or a skeptic. She had absorbed some of their ideas from Michel de Bourges, Ramnay, and Pierre Leroux, but these were ideas she had originally had.
In politics she was originally extremely bold, passionate and intense. She was one of those rare women of the nineteenth century who played a part in the history of France.
Georges Sand had a clear political attitude since she was a child. On the one hand, because she cherished the people and often liked to think of them; on the other hand, because she had long lived intimately with the children of the peasants. She felt that her mother had been treated unjustly, and from childhood she had a strong love for her. Thus from her mother she learned to distrust the rich and to sympathize by nature with the rebels. Having tasted the pain caused by the corruption of the ruling class of her time, and having participated in that corruption, she placed all her hopes in the virtues of the people at large.
George Sand was therefore a democrat by nature, or at least she considered herself one. With the friends of La Chatelier she was always opposed to the monarchists, and defended the ****holists and Napoleonists. In her opinion, any king, even if he called himself a citizen, was a tyrant. When Maurice and the Duke of Montpellier went to school in the same class, she forbade her son to accept the young Prince's invitation. She embraced **** and polity; but she was looking for the best **** and country.
George Sand never asked for, nor desired, political equality for women. She saw the duties of motherhood as incompatible with public office. She said, "Women will be educated as well as men, but the heart of a woman will remain the refuge of love, fidelity, patience, and mercy. It is woman who will save the Christian spirit of mercy in the midst of gross emotions. A world in which women no longer play this role is very unfortunate."
What she demanded for women was not the right to vote and suffrage, but equality of citizenship and equality of sentiment. She argued that the enslaving way in which men control women destroys the happiness between men and women that is only possible in freedom. If women could be loved as they want to be, they might want for nothing: "But men abuse them, reproach them for the habits they have been forced to cultivate, despise their ignorance, and laugh at their learning. In love, men look upon them as prostitutes; in conjugal love, as servants. Men do not like them; men call and use them, and wish thus to force them to submit to the precepts of fidelity."
This is her chief complaint, and one which has been her cry since her youth. It is echoed in her later works. Men think fidelity futile and ridiculous. But by what axiom, earthly or heavenly, can men demand fidelity from women? If the man is a woman-chaser, a rough and licentious man, why should the wife remain chaste to him?
In our society, in our prejudices and customs, the more a man's good fortune attracts attention, the more people smile at him and flatter him. Someone who has eaten his brains out and is happy in love is seen as a fast companion. A woman accused of being an adulteress, on the other hand, will have no such status. That is the only honor people give to women. The woman who is unfaithful to her husband becomes emaciated and despised; she is also disgraced in the eyes of her children; she deserves humiliating punishment, such as imprisonment.
What George Sand wanted was the return to women of the civil rights which they had been deprived of by marriage; and the repeal of the laws which inflicted humiliating penalties on women who committed adultery, because they were "barbarous laws which perpetuate and increase adultery."
She believed that the only way to remedy the irrationality of the union of the sexes was the freedom to discontinue and change the conjugal relationship, a freedom that did not exist at the time: "In the world, a human being, man or woman, who has evolved to know perfect love, is not able to - better said, is not permitted to - have a perfect love for each other. better said, would not be allowed - to go backward and still treat sexuality like a beast."
When physical union is not accompanied by a strong feeling, it is a sin and a blasphemous act for man, even when married. A woman should have the right to shun such a union: "I think it is a great sin to show false pleasure in love, and to endeavor to create pleasure in incomplete love. I think and say:
Either love with all your heart, or simply live as a virgin."
In her opinion, the mistake and sin is not in changing lovers to love the one you love, but in committing yourself to someone you don't love, even if it is your husband.
This is where her feminist theory draws the line. And, as one can see, for women, this feminism does not involve political action.
However, anyone who goes with the flow, or against the flow, is influenced by the ideas of their contemporaries, either in agreement with them or transformed by them.
In the period from 1830 to 1848, the main feature of George Sand's life was the call for social revolution, in succession to the political revolution of 1789.
In 1847, George Sand's personal life was struck by a series of misfortunes: the interruption of his correspondence with Chopin; the tragedy of the marriage of Clézenger and Solange. These blows disturbed her more than the political disappointments.
"My mind and body were crushed by grief, a sorrow, I believe, that could not be cured. For, the more I was able to forget the sorrow for a while, the more it came upon me. Going forward, I am more gloomy and unhappy, and my heart breaks ......"
In spite of all this, she went on with her work, and appeared to be pleasant, and at times genuinely in a soothing mood.
George Sand has finally found a husband for her Agustina, thirty-six year old drawing teacher Carol. He was a Polish exile in France, and Victor had discovered him; George Sand had invited him to the house. He is very taken with Agustina.
The young people have little in the way of possessions, only his salary of three thousand francs a year, and in order to provide for their future, Georges Sand gives the bride a dowry of thirty thousand francs, and finds the bridegroom a position as tax collector.
Georges Sand's usual generosity, combined with the madness of Claeson's feverish profligacy and wastefulness, resulted in heavy debts. To make ends meet, she wrote the ten-volume My Autobiography.
In 1847, George Sand had barely met Pierre, Leroux, whom the very magnanimous George Sand criticized gravely: "I didn't know a thing about Leroux, and I was beginning to get used to making the conceit that he could keep his balance on an isolated, imaginary wire rope. I didn't know how things were going to turn out, but he could always find a way; on the one hand, he was disorganized; on the other, he was flexible and persistent. And he was very good at getting the help he needed from a world he didn't recognize. For years he lived willingly in poverty; but how was it that his family, so many people eating, never lacked anything? That was the question. But the problem dragged on, and he wasn't so worried; he had marvelous wisdom and could find unexpected ways to get through. He also had the marvelous talent to make that solution acceptable."
Young Victor became a regular visitor to Noyon at this time, and in early 1848 he was distraught at the thought of the impending revolution in Paris. Georges Sand did not believe it at first, and the February revolution took her by surprise, and all France was shaken.
Georges Sand hated Louis-Philippe out of a strong feminine indignation.
She wrote to her son, urging him to stop hanging around there because people would get cut up and it would do no good for the cause of justice. She was surprised to see that her son did not listen to her advice to go back to Noyon. Maurice is gleeful and as wild as if he were drunk. George Sand is worried and decides to go to her son.
Upon arriving in Paris, George Sand suddenly feels that this is the great day, not only the establishment of the **** and the state, but also the establishment of the socialist **** and the state. She realized that her friends had come to power.
The **** and State is strong. People no longer give up on it and fight and die on the barricades if necessary to defend it. The government of decent men may not be up to the task that only the genius of Napoleon could accomplish. But the majority of the people did their best to work.
George Sand saw the heads of the Provisional Government, pulled around by the workers and the bourgeoisie. They used overalls against dresses, ducktails against bowler hats, and pitted the socialist **** and state against the bourgeois **** and state. This was something she did not want to see.
But in those first days she was optimistic, not least because suddenly she felt strong and powerful. She got her friends appointed commissioners of the **** and the State in cities like La Chatelle. Michel, an old lover, had been cleared of duty because he was afraid of making demagogic propaganda and betraying democracy. George Sand has also made Maurice the mayor of Noyon.
She had a permanent pass to go to the members of the Provisional Government whenever she wanted. She became the muse of the revolution. The revolutionary action galvanized the artists, who had not experienced the dangers of revolution and were faint of heart. They thought that the real world was just as easily left to be shaped as the world of the imagination.
Dreams do not last long, and that is the meaning of the dream itself. The rich were afraid, and so were the poor, and the people remembered the year 1830 with bitter memories. That was the time when the king took the **** and the country from the people, and the people still clutched their arms.
George Sand wrote in March 1848: "I have seen distrust and suspicion have burrowed into the hearts of the rich, I have seen ambition and deceit put on the false mask of approbation of the present regime."
She ran her mouth about Noyon in order to accompany Maurice back to his inauguration and to get a feel for the provinces. A festive gathering in the countryside takes place in the town square. But in La Chatelle, the bourgeoisie expresses hostility. "I have returned here to do what I can to help my friends, to transform the Berry that has become quite numb. In any case, it is not because La Chatelle disagrees that the **** and the State have failed."
Instead, the disappointment made her more tenacious and more militant. On her return to Paris, she was very proud of herself and appointed herself the intellectual and penman of the regime.
The great and sincere faith made waves in her heart.
Balzac, who never had his feet on the ground, gauged the luck of the new regime without illusions: **** and the country will not last long, three years at most. In that time, one should try not to lose one's head. If he had money, he might, like the speculators in his novels, take advantage of the panic and buy bonds and estates at low prices. He wrote to his lover, "In order to establish the **** and the State, everything has to be destroyed and rebuilt. There is no one to support this cause. Therefore, we are going to go back, and I think it may be soon." Balzac would have disagreed with her girlfriend and comrade George Sand about the magnitude of this possibility.
The general election was approaching. George Sand makes full use of her power to enable the people to vote well, that is to say to go for candidates who support the government and the revolution. But. The whole province, except for a few cities belonging to the workers, is as conservative as La Chatelle.
George Sand, however, did not recognize defeat. She wrote a threatening article:
If the election does not allow social truth to win, if it represents only the interests of a privileged group in which the people do not sincerely trust, that election which is supposed to save the **** and the country will fail. There is no doubt about it, and then there is probably only one way to save the people: the people have built barricades in the past, and they may once again express their will to postpone the implementation of the erroneous National Assembly resolution. This is the last and miserable course. Will France be willing to force Paris to resort to it again? Let us hope not!
It is a call to riot.
George Sand was not afraid of riots. It seemed to her that the government, the press, the whole of France was divided into two great factions. One faction was purely political * * * * and they were closely associated with the monarchists; the other was the socialist * * * * and she was one of them. The only way to distinguish between the two camps, she thought, was by the outcome of the battle.
While waiting for the election, however, the advanced-minded people in the government began to conspire against their own regime. Many blamed George Sand's article for the confusion.
In other newspapers, George Sand tried to explain that she did not advocate demonstrations and counter-demonstrations, i.e., as she herself put it, "privileged groups and cliques". The "privileged groups" are the so-called leading classes, and the "cliques" are those that fanatically advocate violence. But, in fact, she encourages "cliques", and the public outcry against her is very strong.
At this time, George Sand was still able to visit the homes of some ministers. However, Louis Blanc was expelled from the government, and on May 15, the Parisian workers did what George Sand had advised them to do. The insurrectionists of Paris broke into the Pépine Palace, declared the dissolution of the National Assembly, and proclaimed a socialist government. But the legitimate government ordered an emergency mobilization, and the National Guard in the rich districts saved the National Assembly.
Where was George Sand on May 15? The Rue de Bourgogne, next to the Palais de Bourbon, was crowded and packed.
People saw that a woman whom they did not recognize was making a speech and winning the applause of the crowd. She was George Sand!
On the evening of May 15, George Sand concluded that the cause of socialism*** and the country had failed. She had only one wish: to go back to Noyon.
But she waited two days because it was said that she was going to be arrested. She was reluctant to show her escape. While waiting to be searched, she burned all her papers and her Private Diary. But no one wanted to embarrass her. So, on the evening of the 17th, she went calmly to Kouenouen.
When George Sand remembers the Rue de la Bourgogne on the night of May 15, she feels that Noyon was her refuge. But it is time to change that view. In chaotic Paris, people had forgotten her, and here in the countryside her situation would be even more dangerous. The reactionaries have made her a target, and the neighbors accuse her of all sorts of faults and crimes.
Oral, the new mayor of Noyon, is George Sand's political rival and personal friend. He urges George Sand to leave his hometown and return until the various rumors and anger have subsided.
George Sand went to Tours, and the newspapers sneered, "Where has George Sand been? She was in a sorry state, and at the time of the June events, packed up her furniture and cigar-cigar box, stopped showing herself in Paris, and went to live in Tours."
Getting out was the best policy.
Thousands were exiled after the failed uprising and the June bloodbath. The social **** and the state were overthrown. A new bloody trench was dug across between the bourgeoisie and the workers. George Sand was disappointed and stopped publishing in the newspapers. She said:
"I don't write for any newspaper any more, at least not now. Under siege I cannot expose my thoughts. The imperative, as it is called, is to make some concessions, and I don't feel I can do that. But then, in the course of time, my spirit broke down and has not yet recovered, and I shall wait for it to do so."
By this time, Chopin was in London talking with increasing virulence about his old lover's misfortunes: 'In these recent times she has got stuck in the mud, and dragged a lot of people into it.' It is thought that she wrote the proclamation which kindled the fires of civil war ......"
In addition to the external recriminations, George Sand's heart was filled with an agonizing struggle. Agustina's father also published an opinion piece titled "A Woman of Our Time - The Biography of George Sand and Its Conspiracies. In the article he accused George Sand of abducting Agustina to Noyon to be Maurice's mistress and then marrying the girl to a random man.
George Sand went to consult the barrister Shea Desdanje. She affirms him that there is nothing but holy brother-sister friendship between his son and his adopted daughter: "Because we live in the countryside, the family is full of close friendships, and I have watched them grow up."
Shea Desdanz terrorized that father, and the second article was never published.
But it was Chopin's turn to make the accusation. He said, "In short, the whole of Paris is now talking about this most sordid scandal. The father has not done his duty, but that is all true. It was that act of kindness! When the girl came into the family, I was strenuously opposed to it ......"
Solange remained Chopin's girlfriend and regularly accepted carnations and roses from Chopin.
George Sand wrote to Solange, "For him I cannot return grudges for grudges and anger for anger. I often think of him as if I were thinking of a sick child ...... who is perverse and out of his mind."
In order to meet the attacks of hostile factions, George Sand once again turned her desk into a fortress of defense. She resumed writing "My Autobiography" and mined the countryside again for novels on the subject.
This new idyllic fiction won over readers. That wasn't because she repudiated her own ideas, but she did abandon her fiercely political views. She said that she might henceforth be able to accept two systems of ownership: one was a system, which only class reconciliation could make acceptable; the other was a collective system, which she hoped would materialize and be as wide-ranging as possible.