The traditional Chinese concept of love advocated by Confucius from the idioms in the Classic of Poetry
Jiang Guifang, Yuhang Higher Secondary School, Hangzhou City (Member of the Hangzhou Confucius Research Association)
Love is an eternal theme in literature, and the subject of love is often popular among the Chinese people. The subject of love has always been popular among the Chinese people, but due to the influence of the extreme leftist ideology of the Cultural Revolution, it has been difficult to find poems depicting love in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools for a long time. Now the People's Education Publishing House has emancipated its mind and boldly compiled a series of ancient poems depicting love in the third book of the new high school language textbook, such as "Wei Feng． Rascals" and "Name Wind. Jing female", "Southeast Fly of the Peacock", "A Long Way to the Star", "A Long Way to the Star", Li Shangyin's poem "Jin Se", as well as the Song lyrics of Liu Yong's "Raindrops Bells", "A Cut of Plums", and Qin Guan's "The Magpie Bridge Immortal", which is a series of poems depicting love to the high school textbook has added the youthful vigor it deserves, and blown teachers and students a warm spring breeze, which is very much loved by teachers and students. However, since teachers and students (including parents) have not seen ancient love poems for a long time, they may still have all kinds of concerns, and because the modern concept of love is very different from the traditional concept of love in ancient times, how to correctly understand the new senior high school language syllabus and the People's Education Publishing House editor's intention, and how to guide the students to accept and understand the traditional Chinese concept of love as advocated by Confucius, which is very worthwhile for our teachers and social workers to seriously study. It is worthwhile for us teachers and social workers to study it seriously. Because the Classic of Poetry is the source of realist poetry, there are many idioms of love handed down from the Classic of Poetry, and some of these idioms are still a household name and are y rooted in people's hearts. For this reason, I would like to take the idioms of love in the Classic of Poetry as an example, and talk about how to utilize the idioms to guide the students to correctly understand Confucius's evaluation of love poems in the Classic of Poetry, as well as the traditional Chinese concept of love advocated by Confucius, which, I think, will help to guide the students to conduct research studies today. I think this is very meaningful to today's guide students to research study and improve the students' ideological and moral sentiments.
I. We must deepen our knowledge and understanding of the edifying role of the love poems of the Book of Songs as revealed by Confucius.
The Book of Songs is the first collection of poetry in China, which **** has 305 poems, so it is also known as "Poetry 300", which is one of the Confucian classics, "The Four Books" and "The Five Classics", and it is the book that ancient children must read and memorize.
The ancients attached great importance to the role of poetry in teaching and educating the people with poetry called "poetry". "Poetry can be used to correct customs and make people civilized, polite, gentle and generous. It is written in the Book of Rites: "Confucius said, "When you enter a country, you can tell what it teaches you. He said, "If you enter a country, you will know what it teaches you, and you will be gentle and generous, which is what the poem teaches you." In the Analects of Confucius, Yang Shou (阳货), Confucius made a famous remark about the role of poetry: "Zi said, 'Why can't a boy learn poetry? Poetry can be used to stimulate feelings and wills, to observe the prosperity and decline of customs, to arouse feelings, and to criticize the realities of politics. To serve one's father at a distance, to serve one's ruler at a distance, and to know more than the names of birds, beasts, grasses, and trees." Because most of the 305 poems in the Book of Songs were written during the Zhou Dynasty, when the sage ruler attached great importance to educating the people, and the people were simple and honest, and the poems chosen were repeatedly selected and processed by the music officials, and later censored by Confucius, a great educator, every poem in the Book of Songs is characterized by "correctness" (good ideology), and can have an educating effect on the people. The poems in the Book of Songs are all "correct" (good in thought) and can serve to educate the people.
The Book of Songs has three parts: "Wind", "Elegance", and "Ode", among which "Wind" is particularly well written. The "wind" is particularly good, and most of the love poems are in this part of the "wind". "Wind" is the best in describing people's temperament, and it can infect the readers and educate them. Why call it "wind"? Zhu Xi explained: "the wind, the people of the poetry of the ballad also. Called the wind, in order to be on the chemical to have words, and its words are enough to touch people. Such as the movement of things due to the wind and sound, and the sound is enough to animals. It is so that the lords and feudal lords to pick as a positive wind, so the use of the boudoir of the countryside party state and the world also." Zhu Xi's words tell us that the poetry in the "wind" in the "Classic of Poetry" can be like the natural spring wind blowing all things and issued by the "sound of all music" as infected to move the hearts of the people, and therefore can play the role of "positive customs The first is that it is not a "good" thing, but a "good" thing.
Second, we will expand our reading by using idioms about love from the Book of Songs to study a series of love poems in the Book of Songs, so as to correctly grasp the traditional Chinese concept of love as advocated by Confucius in his evaluation of the Book of Songs. ""Holding hands with your son to grow old with you" and other idioms and quotations to see the ancient lovers or husband and wife of the oath of love.
The Chinese people especially honor loyalty and unswerving love, which can be y felt from the following couplets to congratulate the newlyweds in this point. Such as: "seek my commoner, appropriate for its family", "white head and old age, the same heart forever", "orchids thousands of years of lush, qin and a hundred years and", "good karma for a long time with the ground, a good couple for a hundred years **. The same place for a long time, a good couple for a hundred years **** days long", "the phoenix is singing, the wutong is born; bells and drums of the music, the qin and serpent friend of the". If we carefully analyze, we will not be difficult to find, these congratulations on the wedding couplets are from the "Classic of Poetry" in the love poems, it can be seen that the "Classic of Poetry" expressed love dedicated to this theme has always been for my Chinese people to be heard and heard of a household name for everyone to praise. Please see the following idioms in the Classic of Poetry:
1, the oath of faith: this idiom is from the "Wei Feng - rogue". "Xin swear": an oath of sincerity; "Dan Dan", the appearance of sincerity. This idiom can summarize the attitude of all lovers in the world when they are in love, so this idiom is widely spread, known in every household and understood by everyone. The whole poem "Wei Feng - rogue" is detailed in the text of the third book of the high school language, the specific introduction of this article is omitted.
2, bandit stone and seat: this idiom is from the "name of the wind - cypress boat": "I heart bandit stone, can not be turned; I heart bandit seat, can not be rolled." The idiom of "bandit" means "not". The overall meaning of this idiom is: my heart is not a stone or a mat; a stone can be turned but my heart cannot be turned; a mat can be rolled but my heart cannot be rolled, which is a metaphor for being faithful to love and never changing one's heart. (The whole poem is longer, this article is omitted.) This love oath has a great influence on later generations, perhaps it is the "sea withered and rotting unchanging heart" type of love oath of the goblet, and later in the Han Dynasty musical folk song "Southeast Peacock" in the Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing issued "the king as a rock, the concubine as a bushel of reeds, bushels as tough as silk, rock without transfer". The vow of "the rock will not be shifted" was obviously influenced by the line "the rock is a rock and the seat is a reed, the reed is as tough as silk, the rock will not be shifted" in the "Classic of Poetry", and there are countless such examples in the history of Chinese literature.
3, the valley is a different room, death is the same hole: this idiom is from the "Wang Feng - Da Che": "The valley is a different room, death is the same hole. This is a description of a woman's vow of love to a man. If this vow is translated into vernacular language, it means "If you don't live in the same room when you are alive, you are willing to be buried in the same hole even when you are dead. If you do not believe what I say, as bright as the sun in the sky!" This shows the firmness of this woman's vow and her fidelity to love.
4, out of his east gate, there are women like clouds: this idiomatic phrase is from "Zheng Feng - East Gate", this poem is written by a man to express his love for the vow of exclusivity, the whole poem is as follows:
out of his east gate, there are women like clouds. I am not thinking of you, but I am thinking of you. I'm not sure if I'll be able to get a good look at them, but I'll be able to get a good look at them. I'm not going to be able to do that, but I'm going to be able to do it, and I'm going to be able to do it.
In this poem, the man's vow is different and unique. The first thing he says is: "When I get out of the east gate of the city, there are many beautiful girls like clouds. Though the girls are as many as clouds, they can't move half of my heart." Why can't they touch his heart? Because he already had a girl in his heart, and this girl was the one with the "onyx dress and scarf". We readers must not make fun of this ancient "dead heart" man, modern society in such a man is not there? The fact that they are able to "have women like clouds" and "I can't think of anything else", and that they are so devoted to love, deserves a lot of praise. Although the Book of Songs writes about some heartless men, the author believes that men like those in Zheng Feng - Dongmen are the ones that the Book of Songs celebrates, because such men make up the majority of the Chinese nation, and it is precisely because of them that the tradition of fidelity and unswerving love has been passed down through the generations.
5, hold your hand and grow old with your son: this idiomatic phrase is from the "name of the wind - drums", which is written by a soldier on the border of the long service outside, miss the memories of the time when he was separated from his wife's love poems. The full poem is as follows:
The drums are beaten, the soldiers are enthusiastically used. I traveled southward alone, from Sun Zizhong. I am a soldier from Sun Zizhong, and I have been fighting for Chen and Song. I'm not going to return, but I'm worried.
I have lived here and lost my horse.
You can't live with me! In contempt of Xunxi, not I believe!
The first half of this poem describes the sound of war drums on the battlefield, the warrior holding a weapon enthusiastically charging the scene and the reasons for not being able to reunite with their wives, and then naturally recalled the time when the war and his wife's life and death of the scene, thinking of their own affectionate pulling the hand of his wife and issued a "grow old with your son" firm vow, and also thought of the war and the war, and the war, and the war, and the war, and the war, and the war, and the war. I thought of my own firm vow of "growing old together with my son" made by holding my wife's hand with deep emotion, and I thought of the sadness of realizing my promise due to the cruelty of the war and the difficulty of surviving. At the end of which the "in contempt of broad, not I live! In contempt of Xunxi, not I believe!" A few lines of exclamation means: "Alas, I have to say goodbye to you forever, the cruelty of war will be difficult to live to see you! Alas, I have to say goodbye to you forever, and it will be difficult to honor my vow of 'growing old together with you'!" This singing three sighs, the intensity of feelings, in love poetry is really breathtaking, the warrior (serviceman) on the love of fidelity, the love vow to abide by, really move the reader ah! This poem creates the pioneer of the combination of strong and bold and soft and sentimental military love poems, which has an extremely far-reaching influence on the creation of military love poems in the later generations. In addition, there are also love poems by women who miss their expeditionary husbands, which can also be categorized into this category. For example, in Wei Feng - Bo Ruoxi (Wei Feng - Bo Ruoxi), "Bo Ruoxi Hanyuoxi, the state of Jie Ruoxi. The line "Bo also carries a bamboo weapon and drives for the king", and the line "A hundred gentlemen, who do not know what virtue is, do not support or seek, why not use it? The line of "not to support not to seek, why not use not Zang", also has the beauty of feminine and masculine. Some people think that these poems mainly expose the pain brought by the war to the people, this view is still not comprehensive enough, we should see these poems have a very strong sense of patriotism, expressed the soldiers and wives of the soldiers to the national interest of the noble spirit of the state, such as the "Weifeng - Bo Ruoxi" is a typical example, which is worthy of posterity to study and learn.
(2) From the idioms of "Cai Lan Gift Medicine," "Encounter," and "People's Words Can Be Fearful," we can see the implicit amorousness and moral norms of traditional Chinese love.
The traditional love in the Book of Songs is often characterized by the beauty of male talent and female beauty, and the beauty of subtlety and sentimentality. In the eyes of the gentleman in Guan Ju, how beautiful is the lady with the "floating heart, flowing left and right"; in the eyes of the young man in Chen Feng - Moonrise, how touching is the girl in the moonlight with the "moonlight"; in the eyes of the young girl in Name Feng - Jane Ruoxi, how touching is the girl in the "moonlight"; in the eyes of the girl in Name Feng - Jane Ruoxi, how touching is the girl in the "moonlight"; in the eyes of the girl in Name Feng - Jane Ruoxi, how touching is the girl in the "moonlight". In the eyes of the young girl in "Jianxi", the "Shuo Ren Wu, the public court of ten thousand dances. In the eyes of the young woman in Wei Feng - Bo Ruoxi, "Bo Ruoxi 曷兮, the state of Jie Ruoxi. In the eyes of the young woman in "Wei Feng - Bo Ruoxi", the husband of "Bo Ruoxi Hao Ruoxi, the Jie Ruoxi of the state. But whether it is a young man or a young girl, whether it is a serviceman or a young woman, their expression of love has a *** with the same characteristics, that is, implicitly sentimental, "happy but not obscene". See idioms:
1, pick orchids and give medicine: this idiom is from the "Zheng Feng - River River": "Shi and women, Fang Binglan Ruoxi" "Yi its bantering, gifted to peony". The poem is as follows:
Qiverny and the river, Fang Lax Ruoxi. The man and the woman, Fang Binglan Ruoxi. The woman said, "What's the point?" The scholar said: "Both and, and to view."
Beyond the river, Xun Yu and music. But Shi and the woman, Yi its banter, presented with peonies.
The river and the river are clear. The woman and the man, the diligent. The woman said, "Watch it?" The doctor said: "Both and, and to see it."
Beyond the river, Xun Yu and music. The only thing that I can say is that I am going to play with the woman, and I am going to give her peonies.
This poem describes a group of young men and women who are swimming in the spring beside the river Qin and洧, giving each other orchids and peonies. The river reflects a group of young men and women full of youthful vigor, who are talking and laughing, and giving each other flowers to express their love, and it is so warm and romantic. Listen, the girl said, "Go over there and take a look, will you?" The young man said, "Though I have already been there, I would still love to go with you to see it again." The young men and women written in this poem used flowers to express their love and how subtle and sentimental were their words of love and affection. Thus, "picking orchids and presenting medicines" was passed down as a fixed idiom for young men and women to express their love and affection, and it became a unique form of expressing love for the Chinese nation. The form of love transmission in the "Jingnu" of the "Name of the Folk Song" is exactly the same as the "Cailan and Gift of Medicine".
2. Encounter: This idiom comes from "Zheng Feng - The Wild Brambles" (郑风-野有蔓草), which describes the joy of a young man and woman who encounter each other in a field. The full poem is as follows:
There is a creeping grass in the field, with zero dew. There's a beautiful woman, a beautiful woman, a beautiful woman, a beautiful woman. The encounter is just what I wanted.
There are weeds in the wild, and they are full of dew. The beauty of a man is as clear as a bell. I'm sure we'll meet again, and we'll be together.
In this love poem, the author repeatedly praises the "encounter", i.e., this pair of young men and women meet each other without a date, as if God deliberately arranged for them to meet each other in a field full of wild fun. In this poem, there is no oath of alliance between man and woman, but only the beauty's "Qing Yang Wan Xi" spirit and "Wan Ru Qing Yang" eyes as bright as autumn water glitter in the man's eyes. Natural fields, natural coincidences, silent stares, which constitutes the unique implicit beauty of classical Chinese love, which is what Confucius said, "joy without lust".
3, people's words can be feared: this idiom from the "Zheng Feng - will be Zhongzi": "Zhong can also be pregnant, people's words, can also be feared." The full poem is as follows:
Will be Zhongzi Ruoxi, no more than my miles, no break my tree Qi. I dare not love him, but fear my parents. The words of my parents are also to be feared.
We will not go beyond our walls, and we will not break our trees. I am not afraid of my brothers. I am not afraid of the words of my brothers, but I am afraid of them, too.
We will not go beyond my garden or break my tree. I'm not sure how much I'd love it, but I'm afraid of what people will say. I am not afraid of the many words of the people, but I am also afraid of them.
This is a girl politely advising her lover not to adopt uncivilized behaviors such as "exceeding the wall," "exceeding the garden," "folding the wolfberry," "folding the mulberry," and so on. The poem is about a girl who politely advises her lover not to engage in uncivilized behaviors such as "exceeding the wall", "exceeding the garden", "folding the wolfberry", "folding the mulberry", etc., and to pay attention to the influence of the social opinions of her parents, brothers and neighbors. The poem adopts the technique of repetition to emphasize the euphemistic and sentimental nature of the girl's words of advice. Some people comment that the words "people's words are fearful" in this poem are about the pressure from her parents, brothers, neighbors and the society on the girl, which hinders her freedom of love, but the author thinks that this assertion is totally wrong. The author believes that this assertion is completely wrong, because what the girl wants to emphasize is that love should abide by the moral norms, not to transgress, and to pay attention to the influence of social opinion. From this poem, we can see that the social opinion and moral code at that time were still very binding on people. From this, we can see that the tradition of love between men and women in the Chinese nation is gradually formed under the constraints of social moral norms and public opinion.
(3) From the idioms of "on the other side of the water", "the room is far away from the people", "the moral tone is not violated", "the feast and the new marriage, like a brother, like a brother" and so on. "and other idioms to see the ancient Chinese men and women in love with the pure feelings of love and love after the failure of the "sad but not hurt" characteristics.
There is another significant feature of the Poetry of the Book of Songs, which is that the selected love stories are only good or bad regardless of their success or failure, and it not only records the successful love and happy marriages, but also truly records the failed love and painful marriages. Why do we depict and record these failed love and painful marriages? It is not only because it can reflect more and more social realities, but the main reason is that the masters of these stories (or men or women) pursue happy love with extremely noble and touching behaviors and virtues, and they are kind-hearted and emotionally pure, and at the same time, they mercilessly condemn those "two or three of their virtues" of the negative hearted, so as to let the readers From this, the reader can distinguish between right and wrong and good and evil, and play the role of "edification" that poetry should have. For example, through "Guan Ju", we can see that the "gentleman" that "seeks but fails" (failed) but still insisted on "qin and sepals," "bells and drums," the gentleman's demeanor. "The gentleman's demeanor and noble character. In addition, let's look at the following idioms:
1, in the water side: this idiom from the "Qin Feng - reed": "the so-called Iren, in the water side." This poem describes a man not far from thousands of miles trekking up and down the mountains in pursuit of a moving scene of the intended. The poem is as follows:
Reed reed, white dew for frost. The so-called Iren, in the water side. The road is long. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal of money from the bank, and then you have to pay for it.
The reed is miserable, white dew for sigh. The so-called Iren, in the water. The way to go from the road, the road is blocked and among. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal of money from the bank, and then you have to pay for it.
The reed reed picking, white dew has not been. The so-called Irena, in the water of the stream. The first thing you need to do is to go back and forth from the road, the road is blocked and the right. The first thing you need to do is to go back and forth from it, and then you can stop at the water.
In this poem, the man's pursuit of the Iren (the girl) did not have a specific description of the appearance, but from the man's relentless pursuit of her, she must be a beautiful girl with outstanding talent and appearance. But she is like a rainbow in the sky, and like a golden flower in the water, but see its shadow, hard to see her real body, can not pick, but also can not afford to fish, really let the man can not be expected, but he did not discourage, as qu yuan said: "the road is long, I will go up and down and seek". What Qu Yuan sought was the truth, but Qu Yuan sometimes compared the truth to a beautiful girl in his poems. Perhaps the beautiful girl in this poem is also the embodiment of truth, and her beautiful figure makes people pursue it forever. The man's persistent pursuit of love and truth in this poem is very touching.
2. The idiom of "the room is near and the people are far away" comes from "Zheng Feng - Dongmen Zhi Shan": "The room is near and the people are far away". The poem is as follows:
Dongmen Zhi Shan, Ru Xi in Ban. The room is near and the people are far away.
The chestnut of the east gate is in the ban. I am not sure if I can do that, but I am not sure if I can do that.
This poem is about a woman who complains that her lover does not come to marry her and expresses her longing for her, but she is not allowed to see her. Although the phrase "the room is near and the people are far away" is the language of complaining about her lover, the woman still says it in a very measured way, which shows that she is a girl with a lot of cultivation. Among them, "I do not think, son not I that" is the heart of the words: "Not I do not miss you, but you do not come to see me." The words "I don't miss you, but you don't come to see me" are the words of her heart. Later, the idiom of "the room is far away" was often used to express the longing for a distant person or mourn the dead, which is very different from the original meaning, and we should pay attention to this point when using this idiom.
There are many other love idioms condensed from the famous lines of the love poems in the Book of Songs, such as the "Mountain Viewing" condensed from the "Xiaoya-Chejie", and the "Magpie's Nest", such as "The Winds of the State". "Jing and Wei are distinct", as in "Daya Rolling A", "The phoenix is singing on its high hill. Wutong is born in the sunrise" and condensed into "the wind is singing in the sunrise" and "the phoenix is flying", such as the "National Winds - Peach" in "Peach" and condensed into "Peach's flower is burning", and condensed into "the wind is burning", and condensed into "the wind is singing in the sunrise". "There are countless other idioms, from which we can clearly see the far-reaching influence of the love poems of the Classic of Poetry and the deep-rooted popularity of the traditional Chinese concept of love advocated by Confucius. Understanding these idioms will help students to improve their cultural background and moral and ethical sentiments. In order to make it easier for students to memorize these love idioms in the Shijing, the author specially selected some love idioms from the Shijing, so that before and after the meaning of the connection into a rhyming text, which is compiled into a love story, so that it is catchy to read and easy to recite and remember. I would like to use this to throw a brick to attract jade, and the education sector with the same people to promote my excellent traditional Chinese culture and make more contributions.