In 1985 Hawking lost the ability to speak and his only tool for expressing his thoughts was a computerized voice synthesizer. He used only a few active fingers to manipulate a special mouse to select letters and words on the computer screen to create sentences, and then through the computer to play the sound, usually to create a sentence to 5, 6 minutes, in order to synthesize an hour-long recorded speeches to be prepared for 10 days. 1988, he wrote a popular science book, "A Brief History of Time", to October 1995, the book has been distributed in more than 25 million copies, translated into The book has been translated into dozens of languages, and a Chinese translation has also been published.
Author of The Great Proportional Structure of Space-Time (1973), General Relativity: A Centennial Commentary on Einstein (1979), Hyperspace and Hypergravity (1981), The Beginning of the Universe (1983), and A Brief History of Time (1988).
Divorced his wife of 25 years, Jane Wilder, in 1990, and on September 16, 1995, married his nurse, Elaine Mason.
Stephen. Stephen Hawking, one of the great men of the century with an international reputation, aged 60, born on the anniversary of Galileo's death, Professor of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge, and one of the foremost general relativists and cosmologists of our time, proved the famous singularity theorem in the 1970s together with Penrose, for which they ****together were awarded the 1988 Wolf Prize in Physics. He has thus been hailed as the world's most famous scientific thinker and most distinguished theoretical physicist after Albert Einstein". He also proved the area theorem for black holes. Hawking's life is very legendary and in terms of scientific achievements he is one of the most brilliant scientists of all time. He held one of the most prestigious professorships ever held at Cambridge University, that of the Lucassian Professor of Mathematics, which was held by Newton and Dirac. He held several honorary degrees and was a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was confined to a wheelchair for 20 years due to Lou Gehrig's Disease (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), but he was disabled and turned it to his advantage, overcoming his handicap to become a supernova in international physics. He could not write, even slurred, but he transcended the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, the Big Bang and other theories to enter the creation of the universe of the "geometric dance". Although he was so helpless in a wheelchair, his mind traveled brilliantly into the vastness of space and time, solving the mystery of the universe.
Professor Stephen Hawking is a modern science fiction writer, and his masterpiece is "A Brief History of Time" written in 1988, which is an excellent astronomical science fiction. The author's rich imagination, marvelous conception, beautiful language, word for word, more staggering, beyond the world, the future change, is such a magic and wonderful. The book has now been published in 25 million copies and translated into nearly 40 languages, and in 1992 a ￡3.5 million movie of the same name was released. Stephen Hawking believes that the fundamental ideas about the origin of the universe and life can be expressed without mathematics, and that the world should be able to understand his profound and inexplicable doctrines through the audio-visual medium of film. This popular book on the nature of time and the cutting edge of the universe is one of the most important classics of contemporary scientific thought about the universe, and it has changed the way humans think about the universe. Upon its publication, the book was met with an overwhelming response from around the world. A Brief History of Time is a landmark book for those of us who prefer words to equations. In the hands of a man who has made contact with human thought, it is a work of infinite pursuit of knowledge, a relentless exploration of the mystery of the nature of time and space.
A Brief History of Time A Sequel to A Brief History of Time As the undisputed authority on cosmology, Stephen Hawking's research accomplishments and life have always appealed to a wide range of readers, and A Brief History of Time A Sequel to A Brief History of Time has been compiled for readers who want to know more about the life of Professor Hawking and his doctrines. The book is a frank and sincere account of Prof. Hawking's life and research in the form of private interviews, showing the real "man" behind the huge theoretical structure. The book is not an ordinary oral history, but an extremely moving and fascinating portrait and description of one of the greatest minds of humanity in the twentieth century. For the non-specialist reader, this book is certainly an opportunity to enjoy the fruits of human civilization and a source of invaluable inspiration.
The Hawking Lectures - Black Holes, Baby Universes and Beyond, is a collection of 13 articles and speeches*** written by Stephen Hawking between 1976-1992. Discusses imaginary time, the birth of a baby universe with a black hole causing it, and scientists' quest for a fully unified theory, and offers insights into free will, the value of life, and death.
The Nature of Time and Space General relativity was expressed in full mathematical form 80 years ago, and the fundamentals of quantum theory appeared 70 years ago, yet can these two of the most precise and successful theories in all of physics be united in a single quantum gravity? Two of the world's most famous physicists engage in a debate on this question. This book is based on six lectures and the final debate between Hawking and Penrose at Cambridge University.
The Fascination of the FutureThe book begins with Stephen Hawking's prediction of the universe's prospects for the next billion years and ends with Don Cubitt's realization of the Last Judgement, describing the development of prophecy and the ways in which we can predict the future today. The book is written in an easy-to-understand style, and the author's presentation of his ideas, interspersed with answers to interesting questions, makes for an entertaining read.
Who is Stephen Hawking? He is a brain, a myth, one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists of our time, a giant in the name of science ...... Perhaps, he is just a warrior in a wheelchair, challenging fate.
The brain of wisdom was born
Stephen Hawking, born on January 8, 1942, this time his hometown of London was shrouded in Hitler's indiscriminate bombing.
Hawking and his sister spent their childhood in several towns near London. Years later, their neighbors recalled that Hawking was very striking as he lay in his bassinet, his head appearing large and otherworldly - mostly because Hawking was now so far removed from the norm in terms of fame and achievement that the neighbors couldn't help but re-carve the image of the gifted child in their memories .
But Hawking's family did stand out in the old-fashioned, conservative town. Both of Hawking's parents had formal college educations. His father was a medical doctor who practiced tropical diseases, and his mother worked in a number of professions. Residents of the town were often amazed to see the Hawking family driving through the streets and out into the countryside in a battered old second-hand car - cars were not yet a part of British households. But the odd car expanded the Hawking family's freedom of movement.
Hawking's passion for figuring things out meant that when he saw something new and exciting, he would take it apart and try to make sense of every part of it -- but he often had trouble putting it back together again because his hands and feet were far less nimble than his mind, and he was even known to be a terrible scribbler in his classes. famously scribbled.
Hawking entered Oxford University to study physics when he was 17. He was still not a hard-working student, and this attitude was in keeping with the rest of his classmates at the time, a period of youthful disillusionment that emerged after the war - a time when they were bored with everything and felt there was nothing worth striving for. Hawking spent his time at school loitering, drinking, and joining the rowing club with his classmates, and if things had gone on like this then he could well have become a mediocre clerk or teacher. However, the disease appeared.
The disease appeared
Sports had never been Hawking's forte since childhood, and he could not play almost any ball game.
Three years after arriving at Oxford, Hawking noticed that he had become clumsier, and once or twice fell for no apparent reason. On one occasion, he somehow fell down a flight of stairs so suddenly that he instantly collapsed and nearly died.
It wasn't until Hawking was a graduate student at Cambridge in 1962 that his mother noticed her son's unusual condition. Hawking, who had just celebrated his 21st birthday, spent two weeks in the hospital, where, after a variety of tests, he was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease, or motor neuron atrophy.
The doctor told him that his body would become more and more incapacitated, with only his heart, lungs and brain still functioning, and in the end, his heart and lungs would fail. Hawking was "sentenced" to two years of life. That was in 1963.
At first, the disease worsened quite rapidly. The shock was so severe that Hawking gave up almost all his studies and research, because he thought he would not live long enough to finish his master's thesis. However, a woman appeared.
The wheelchair appeared
Hawking's condition gradually worsened. in 1970, Hawking, whose reputation was growing academically, was no longer able to walk on his own, and he began using a wheelchair. To this day, he has never left it.
Forever into the wheelchair Hawking, extremely tenacious work and life.
In March 1991, Hawking was in a wheelchair on a trip back to his Berlin apartment when he was hit by a car while crossing the street, fracturing his left arm and cutting his head, which resulted in 13 stitches, but he was back in the office and at work 48 hours later.
On another occasion, when he and a friend went to a country house, he took a sharp turn uphill and his wheelchair tipped over backwards, unbeknownst to the gravity guru, who was tipped over by the Earth's gravity into the bushes.
Despite his growing physical disability, Hawking sought to live like an ordinary person, accomplishing whatever he could. He was even active - it's funny to hear that, after he was completely immobilized, he insisted on "barreling" to his office in his wheelchair with his only movable finger; in his Moscow hotel, he suggested dancing, spinning in the hall. In the Moscow hotel, he suggested a dance, and the sight of him spinning his wheelchair in the hall was a spectacle; and when he met with Prince Charles, he showed off by spinning his wheelchair, and ended up running over his toes.
Of course, Hawking has had his share of "free" movement, as the master of quantum gravity has fallen out of his wheelchair many times under the sway of the Earth's weak gravitational pull, and fortunately, each time, he has stubbornly risen back to his feet.
In 1985, Hawking had a tracheotomy and lost the ability to speak. It was under these circumstances that he struggled to write his famous "A Brief History of Time," which explored the origins of the universe. Hawking achieved great success, but the reality of life replaced the romance of love, and his marriage to Jane came to an end.
Revelation from intuition: black holes are not black
Hawking's object of study was the universe, but he was never interested in observational astronomy, and only a few times observed with a telescope. Compared with the traditional scientific methods of experimentation and observation, Hawking's approach relied on intuition.
The great achievement of "black holes are not black" came from a flash of insight. One night in November 1970, Hawking began thinking about black holes as he slowly climbed into bed. He suddenly realized that a black hole should have a temperature so that it would emit radiation. In other words, black holes aren't really that black.
This flash of insight led to a complete theory after three years of thinking, and in November 1973, Hawking officially announced to the world that black holes constantly radiate X-rays, gamma rays, and so on, which is known as the "Hawking radiation". Before that, it was thought that black holes only swallowed but did not spit.
From the singularity of the Big Bang to the radiation mechanism of black holes, Hawking has made outstanding contributions to the development of quantum cosmology. Hawking received the 1988 Wolf Prize in Physics.
King of bestsellers: A Brief History of Time
Hawking's popular science book A Brief History of Time - From the Big Bang to Black Holes has sold 25 million copies worldwide, and has been on the bestseller lists since its publication in 1988, setting a bestseller's A world record. In the book, Hawking seeks to explain black holes, the origin and fate of the universe, black holes and time travel in a way that ordinary people can understand.
At the beginning of the book, A Brief History of Time, Hawking notes, "I was told that every equation I wrote in the book would cut sales in half. So I decided not to write any equations. At the end of the book, however, I did put in one equation, Einstein's famous equation E=mc2. I hope this won't scare off half my potential readers." In hindsight, Hawking was completely overthinking it.
Who is Stephen Hawking? He is a brain, a myth, one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists of our time, a giant in the name of science ...... Perhaps he is just a wheelchair-bound warrior defying fate.
The brain of wisdom was born
Stephen Hawking, born on January 8, 1942, this time his hometown of London was shrouded in Hitler's indiscriminate bombing.
Hawking and his sister spent their childhood in several towns near London. Years later, their neighbors recalled that Hawking was very striking as he lay in his bassinet, his head appearing large and otherworldly - mostly because Hawking's fame and accomplishments were now so far otherworldly that the neighbors couldn't help but re-carve the image of the gifted child in their memories .
But Hawking's family did stand out in the old-fashioned, conservative town. Both of Hawking's parents had formal college educations. His father was a medical doctor who practiced tropical diseases, and his mother worked in a number of professions. Residents of the town were often amazed to see the Hawking family driving through the streets and out into the countryside in a battered old second-hand car - at a time when cars had not yet entered British homes. But the odd car expanded the Hawking family's freedom of movement.
Hawking's passion for figuring things out meant that when he saw something new and exciting, he would take it apart and try to make sense of every part of it -- but he often had trouble putting it back together again because his hands and feet were far less nimble than his mind, and he was even known to be a terrible scribbler in his classes. famously scribbled.
Hawking entered Oxford University to study physics when he was 17. He was still not a hard-working student, and this attitude was in keeping with the rest of his classmates at the time, a period of youthful disillusionment that emerged after the war - a time when they were bored with everything and felt there was nothing worth striving for. Hawking spent his time at school loitering, drinking, and joining the rowing club with his classmates, and if things had gone on like this then he would probably have become a mediocre clerk or teacher. However, the disease appeared.
The disease appeared
Sports had never been Hawking's forte since childhood, and he could not play almost any ball game.
Three years after arriving at Oxford, Hawking noticed that he had become clumsier, and once or twice fell for no apparent reason. On one occasion, he somehow fell down a flight of stairs so suddenly that he instantly collapsed and nearly died.
It wasn't until Hawking was a graduate student at Cambridge in 1962 that his mother noticed her son's unusual condition. Hawking, who had just celebrated his 21st birthday, spent two weeks in the hospital, where, after a variety of tests, he was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease, or motor neuron atrophy.
The doctor told him that his body would become more and more incapacitated, with only his heart, lungs and brain still functioning, and in the end, his heart and lungs would fail. Hawking was "sentenced" to two years of life. That was in 1963.
At first, the disease worsened quite rapidly. The shock was so severe that Hawking gave up almost all his studies and research, because he thought he would not live long enough to finish his master's thesis. However, a woman appeared.
The wheelchair appeared
Hawking's condition gradually worsened. in 1970, Hawking, whose reputation was growing academically, was no longer able to walk on his own, and he began using a wheelchair. To this day, he has never left it.
Forever into the wheelchair Hawking, extremely tenacious work and life.
In March 1991, Hawking was in a wheelchair on a trip back to his Berlin apartment when he was hit by a car while crossing the street, fracturing his left arm and cutting his head, which resulted in 13 stitches, but he was back in the office and at work 48 hours later.
On another occasion, when he and a friend went to a country house, he took a sharp turn uphill and his wheelchair tipped over backwards, unbeknownst to the gravity guru, who was tipped over by the Earth's gravity into the bushes.
Despite his growing physical disability, Hawking sought to live like an ordinary person, accomplishing whatever he could. He was even active - it's funny to hear that, after he was completely immobilized, he insisted on "barreling" to his office in his wheelchair with his only movable finger; in his Moscow hotel, he suggested dancing, spinning in the hall. In the Moscow hotel, he suggested a dance, and the sight of him spinning his wheelchair in the hall was a spectacle; and when he met with Prince Charles, he showed off by spinning his wheelchair, and ended up running over his toes.
Of course, Hawking has had his share of "free" movement, as the master of quantum gravity has fallen out of his wheelchair many times under the sway of the Earth's weak gravitational pull, and fortunately, each time, he has stubbornly risen back to his feet.
In 1985, Hawking had a tracheotomy and lost the ability to speak. It was under these circumstances that he struggled to write his famous "A Brief History of Time," which explored the origins of the universe. Hawking achieved great success, but the reality of life replaced the romance of love, and his marriage to Jane came to an end.
Revelation from intuition: black holes are not black
Hawking's object of study was the universe, but he was never interested in observational astronomy, and only a few times observed with a telescope. Compared with the traditional scientific methods of experimentation and observation, Hawking's approach relied on intuition.
The great achievement of "black holes are not black" came from a flash of insight. One night in November 1970, Hawking began thinking about black holes as he slowly climbed into bed. He suddenly realized that a black hole should have a temperature so that it would emit radiation. In other words, black holes aren't really that black.
This flash of insight led to a complete theory after three years of thinking, and in November 1973, Hawking officially announced to the world that black holes constantly radiate X-rays, gamma rays, and so on, which is known as the "Hawking radiation". Before that, it was thought that black holes only swallowed but did not spit.
From the singularity of the Big Bang to the radiation mechanism of black holes, Hawking has made outstanding contributions to the development of quantum cosmology. Hawking received the 1988 Wolf Prize in Physics.
King of bestsellers: A Brief History of Time
Hawking's popular science book A Brief History of Time - From the Big Bang to Black Holes has sold 25 million copies worldwide, and has been on the bestseller lists since its publication in 1988, setting a bestseller's A world record. In the book, Hawking seeks to explain black holes, the origin and fate of the universe, black holes and time travel in a way that ordinary people can understand.
At the beginning of the book, A Brief History of Time, Hawking notes, "I was told that every equation I wrote in the book would cut sales in half. So I decided not to write any equations. At the end of the book, however, I did put in one equation, Einstein's famous equation E=mc2. I hope this won't scare off half my potential readers." In hindsight, Hawking was entirely overly concerned.
He's still alive, in Britain. Compared to a British national treasure