How to modify sick sentences

I, the syllabus requirements: identify and modify the sick sentence, sick sentence types are: inappropriate order, improper collocation, mutilation or redundancy, structural confusion, unclear, illogical. Second, the examination point to explain the candidates of this examination point is mainly based on the identification and modification. From the recent years of the college entrance examination paper can be seen in this examination point proposition of the main way there are four: (1) to determine whether the sentence has a disease; (2) let the candidates in the original sentence to modify the sick sentence; (3) to determine the title of the analysis of the sick sentence is correct or not; (4) to determine the modification of the sick sentence is appropriate or not. Mostly judgmental questions appeared in Volume I, such as Question 5 of the 1999, 2000 and 2001 National College Entrance Examination questions, and sometimes candidates were allowed to make modifications, which appeared in Volume II, such as Question 32 of the 1998 National College Entrance Examination questions. Disease sentence variety, "test" on the type of disease sentence is clearly defined as 6, we should grasp the examination points and practical understanding of the essence of the targeted review of the examination points. Third, the breakdown of knowledge sentence types: (a) improper order improper order of common cases are: 1, the position of the determiner and the center of the reversal: Example: China's cotton production, long-term self-sufficiency. ("the production of cotton" should be "the production of cotton") 2, put the actual language in the position of the gerund: Example: the majority of young people showed an unparalleled enthusiasm for reform. (Transfer the word "immense" to the word "enthusiasm".) 3. Put the gerund in the place of the definite article: Example: The youth should play a full role. (Transfer the word "fully" to "play" and delete the word "of"). 4, multi-layer determiners in the wrong order: Example: the exhibition of cultural relics just unearthed thousands of years ago. (should be "thousands of years ago" to "artifacts" before and after the "of") 5, multi-layer improper order of the gerund. Example: We are no longer a country that is arbitrarily bullied by the great powers. (should be "arbitrary" to "bullying" before) 6, related words in the wrong place: Example: If he can not seek truth from facts, the cause will be lost. ("He" should be moved to the back of "if") 7, the subject and the object are reversed: Example: Ostrovsky's "How Iron is Made" is no stranger to Chinese youth. (Should be changed to: Chinese youth to Ostrovsky's.) 8. Inappropriate placement of clauses: Example: For their own way, they are exploring they are judging, they are searching, they are thinking. (It should be changed to: For their own way, they are thinking, they are judging, they are exploring, they are searching.) (B) Improper collocation. 1, the subject of the improper collocation: Example: his revolutionary spirit always surfaces in front of my eyes. ("spirit" and "emerged" can not constitute a subject-predicate relationship, the "spirit" can be changed to "image") 2, improper collocation: Example: to commemorate the arrival of the Three Leaders Day. ("commemorate" can only be "the 8th of March", can not be "arrival") 3, modifier and the center of the collocation is not appropriate: Example: we seriously studied the staff's proposals, and humbly seek the views of the experts. ("Serious" can not modify "study", can be changed to "serious", "careful", etc.) 4, the subject and object with improper: For example: We firmly believe that one day, China's agriculture and agriculture will become a developed country. (The word "country" should be changed to "behavior".) 5. Inappropriate collocation of related words: e.g. Since you are here, I should go. ("Since" and "also" can not be used together, "also" should be changed to "on") (C) Component mutilation redundancy 1, component mutilation (1) lack of subject: Example: Because of her good grades, she was praised by her teachers and classmates. (should be changed to "because of such good results, she got the praise of teachers and classmates") (2) lack of predicate Example: In the old society, the working people did not have enough to eat and wear a warm life. (or remove the "life", or in the "eat" before adding "live") (3) lack of object: Example: they have the motherland in mind, look at the world, vigorously carry forward the dare to fight, and finally won the championship. (should be in the "dare to fight" after the "spirit") (4) the lack of necessary additional components: Example: the beginning of spring, wheat grows very well, a welcome harvest. (should be in the "get" before the "summer" to limit the time) (5) related words are missing: Example: the academic conference, the harvest is great, not long. (The word "although" should be added before "time".) 2, superfluous (1) subject redundant Example: Our revolutionary predecessors, for the sake of the people's interests, how much blood they shed, how much precious life they sacrificed. (Before the subject "revolutionary predecessors", so "they" unnecessary.) (2) Predicate redundancy: Example: Students are studying hard to prepare for the college entrance examination. (The word "meet" is "college entrance examination", not "come", so it should be deleted.) (3) Object redundant: Example: Today, I came to the place of Slim West Lake in Yangzhou and visited the scenic spots such as the White Pagoda, the Fish Terrace and the Wuting Bridge. ("place" is redundant, should be removed) (4) additional components redundant: Example: In order to streamline the word count, had to slightly delete some. ("some" and the former "slightly" repeat, can be deleted a) (4) combined with confusion (1) sentence mash-up Example: you do not study seriously, that how can have good grades is conceivable. （It is conceivable that you don't study hard enough to get good grades. (Putting rhetorical questions and judgmental sentences together destroys the integrity of the structure and tone of the sentence. If you use a rhetorical question, it should be "How can you get good grades then?" (If a judgment sentence is used, it should be "Bad grades are to be expected.") (2) Mixture of Statements Example: Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House will publish Survival by a Canadian-Chinese author who has been living abroad for more than twenty years. (It is a mixture of subject-verb-predicate and verb-verb-predicate statements. The phrase "the author's hand" at the end of the sentence should be deleted. (It is not clear whether "such a claim" means "acceptance" or "objection".) 2, sentence ambiguity: Example: sister can not find mom and dad heart is very anxious. (In fact, the situation is "sister" heart anxious it? Or "dad" "mom" heart anxious. Or is it "mom" who is anxious? (Commas can be added between "dad" and "mom", or before "dad") (F) illogical: 1, self-contradictory: For example: He was one of the many who were spared. (Since he was "spared", naturally he didn't die, so how can he be said to be "one of the dead"? (It should be changed to: how many people died, he was one of the spared.) 2, the scope is not clear: Example: from the development of the cause, there is a lack of scientific experts and various talents. (Various talents including scientists, should not be juxtaposed, should say "experts in various disciplines and other talents") 3, impose cause and effect: Example: I twice saw him walk out of the factory, I realized that the old man who was eager to help the sick originally was a worker. (It is not sufficient to conclude that the old man is a worker on the basis of the fact that he saw him walking out of the factory twice.) 4、Negative inappropriate: Example: In the past few years, he has been collecting and organizing folk songs all the time and has accumulated a lot of information. ("all the time" that is, "at all times", the sentence expression is just the opposite, can be "forget" changed to "in") Summary: the above classification of the sentence is not strict, for the sentence, do not have to memorize the type, as long as more practice, to be able to find speech defects and be able to correct it. 四、高考题型示例 1、下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（1999年全国高考考试题） A、今年春节期间，这个市的210辆消防车、3000多名消防官兵，放弃休假，始终坚守在各自执勤的岗位上。 B、The Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Law is popular among consumers because it strengthens people's awareness of self-protection and maximizes the protection of consumers' rights and interests. C、She gave Zhao Changbo, an out-of-school child in an impoverished area, 400 yuan of her pocket money that she had saved up to guide her, to ensure that he was able to pay the tuition fee for finishing elementary school. D. On March 17, six members were expelled from the IOC over a bribery scandal. The next day, every major newspaper in the world gave a detailed report about the incident which shocked the international sports world. The correct choice is C. A is inappropriate, "officers and soldiers" can give up their vacations and stay at their posts, but "fire trucks" can not. B is a mixture of sentences, it should be "popular among consumers". D is inappropriate with the preposition, should be changed from "about" to "for". 2, the following sentences, no language disease is (2000 national college entrance examination questions) A, the network of short courses, in addition to the University of Beijing in addition to this school, there are from Tsinghua University and other 15 years of teachers, students and scientific and technological workers also participated in the study. B. Our newspapers, magazines, television and all publications have a greater responsibility to set an example, eliminate the phenomenon of irregularities in the use of words and enhance the awareness of the standardization of the use of language and writing. C. In the new millennium, the dragon of the Chinese nation will soar high in the boundless sky and create miracles that will amaze the whole world. D. Although this factory is not very standardized, it has won the prize of provincial science conference twice, and has been awarded the title of provincial high-quality products three times, and its products are exported to all parts of the country and Southeast Asia. 简析：本题重点考查辨析语病的能力。 The correct answer is C. A is a mixture of sentences, you can say "In addition to ...... students, there are also teachers, students and science and technology workers at Tsinghua University." It can also be said that "In addition to ......, trainees from ...... also took part in the study." B is illogical, "all publications" includes "newspapers and magazines", so they cannot be juxtaposed. D is inappropriate, the subject of the sentence is "the factory", "small", "was twice awarded the Provincial Science Congress Award" can refer to "the factory", but "was awarded the title of the provincial high-quality products" can not be "the factory". The factory is not the same as this one. 3, the following sentences, no language disease is (2001 National College Entrance Exam Questions) A, in science and technology is the first productive forces of the concept of the depth of people's hearts today, who can not believe that high-tech will bring the gospel to mankind? Because of this, it is no wonder that the crooks are also trying to fish in troubled waters and put on the guise of high technology. B. How can we make everyone rich? The key issue is that knowledge plays a decisive role. The poverty of knowledge will inevitably result in the poverty of wealth, and the sufficiency of wealth is often premised on the enrichment of knowledge. C. The large-scale historical drama "Cai Wenji", which was rearranged by Beijing People's Art Theatre, is scheduled to be staged in Capital Theatre on May 1, and is in the midst of intense rehearsals recently. D、In recent years, China has accelerated the speed and scale of the development of higher education undertakings, and colleges and universities will further expand enrollment and focus on building a number of high-level universities and disciplines. The correct answer to this question is A. B is guilty of structural confusion caused by a mixture of sentences. The first part of the sentence says "how to make everyone rich", the next part should be followed by "let knowledge play a decisive role", still use the tone of "not yet", but now it becomes "already", obviously the front and back of the loss of coordination. A few days ago" means "a few days ago", and "is ...... in" means that the behavior is still in progress, so these two words contradict each other in the tense, should be "a few days ago" to "currently". item D is guilty of improper collocation of the verb and the guest, said "accelerate the speed" can be, but can not be said to "accelerate the scale", but only to say that the "scale of expansion". Fifth, the method of summary of the examination of the examination of the sick sentence does not require candidates to memorize the type of sick sentence, as long as they will find the fault and modify can be, therefore, should be done to practice, to master the method of analysis and modification of the sick sentence, the following briefly analyze the disease, modify the method of sick sentence. (A) analysis of sick sentence methods 1, the sense of language reading method mobilize the sense of language, in the process of reading, from the sense of the statement of the problem, that is, according to the customary sayings to see whether it is twisted. If awkward, then pay attention to analyze and compare, identify the reasons, such as to modify. For example: regardless of the weather and geography are extremely unfavorable, the mountaineers still overcame the difficulties and climbed to the summit. ("Regardless of ...... are ......" seems unaccustomed, the correct statement should be "regardless of ...... how unfavorable" "Although... . is very unfavorable". 2, tightening method Remove the branches and leaves of the sentence part (fixed, state, complement) tighten out the main stem, see whether the main stem has a problem, if the main stem is not a problem, and then check the branches and leaves of the part. For example, his noble revolutionary qualities often come to my mind. (The main stem is "quality emergence", obviously the main predicate with improper.) 3, sentence-making analogy method Imitate the structure of the original sentence to create a daily sentence, after comparison, it is clear whether there is a problem For example: This experience deserves the attention of cultural and educational workers, especially primary and secondary school teachers. （This experience deserves the attention of literacy workers, especially primary and secondary school teachers. And then compared to the structure of its sentence: "It is worth their learning" "It is worth their visit", these three sentences and daily say compared to more than one "the" word, so the original sentence should be "the importance of the teacher" in the "the" removed) 4, the logical meaning of the analysis of the law Some of the language from the grammatical problems are not good to find a fault, it is necessary to analyze the reasoning from the logic of the analysis of the law, that is, the analysis of the logical significance of the law. That is, from the use of concepts, judgment, reasoning method to consider whether it is appropriate, before and after the order of the statement, the relationship between the sentence is appropriate. For example: (1) Some people in the city are unscrupulous in imitating shoddy products ...... (2) Anyone who has outstanding achievements is torched into success in a difficult environment. (1) The sentence "imitation of shoddy products" is out of context, should be changed to "manufacturing shoddy products" or "imitation of brand-name products". (2) The sentence used "all ...... all" this full affirmative judgment, overstated, should be changed to "all" for "most", after the removal of the word "all". (B) the method of modifying sick sentences can be summarized as the words: add (component mutilation) delete (redundant) change (improper use of words) move (improper order) modification is not re-creation, do not change the original meaning of the sentence. Particular attention should be paid to, can adjust the order of the words do not add or delete, can be changed in one place, never change the two, change the sentence should be brief, efficient. Example： 1. Explore the footprints of successful people, most of them benefit from good family education and good social education. 2、Her rosy cheeks were like blossoming pear blossoms. 3、At 6 o'clock in the morning, tens of thousands of welcoming crowds were already standing on both sides of the street leading to the airport. 4、In order to prevent the harm caused by tree diseases, garden workers check the trees in public *** places, parks, squares and streets one by one. 5、The performance of the Chinese men's soccer team makes us realize that it is very important to have a good mindset. 6、A person who loves reading, since he can't have a comfortable house and a quiet night, he will always keep a pure reading feelings. 7、The students exchanged a wide range of opinions on the reform of the school's educational program. 8、Whether we study hard to make sure that we get excellent results. 9、We should build up the courage to defy difficulties in our studies. 10、Secondary school students understand and read a lot of literary masterpieces, which is conducive to broadening their horizons and cultivating their sentiments. 改：1、Explore the footprints of successful people, most of their successes benefit from good family education and social education. (lack of subject) 2. Her rosy cheeks are like peach blossoms in full bloom. (Common sense, pear blossoms are white.) 3. At 6 o'clock in the morning, both sides of the street leading to the airport were already filled with tens of thousands of welcoming crowds. (Same as 1) 4, in order to prevent the harm caused by tree diseases, garden workers one by one to the parks, squares and streets of the trees. (Parks, streets, etc. are public **** places, repeat) 5. The performance of the Chinese men's soccer team makes us realize that it is very important to have a good state of mind. (The prepositional phrase does not do the subject) 6, a love of reading, even if you can not have a comfortable house, quiet nights, will always maintain a pure reading feelings. (Imaginary words are not used properly) 7. The students exchanged views extensively on the reform of the school's educational program. (There is no such thing as a wide range of opinions.) 8. Whether or not we study hard is a guarantee that we can achieve excellent results. (Conditional compound sentence, before and after should be consistent) 9, we should set up the confidence of defying difficulties in learning. (verb-object collocation improper) 10, secondary school students understand and read a lot of literary masterpieces, is conducive to broaden the horizons, cultivate sentiment. (Literary masterpieces have to be read to be useful)