Yu, surnamed Si, Xia Houshi, born in Anyi (Xiaxia County), was the founding monarch of Xia Dynasty. Yu Chuanwei gave a message to his son.
Yuwangcheng site is located in Yuwang Village, Xinzhuang Village behind Temple and Guoli Village, Yuwang Township, Xia County. Legend has it that Yuwangcheng is the capital of Yu and Qi. During the Warring States period, it was the capital of Wei. The Qin, Han and Jin Dynasties were administered by Hedong County, covering an area of 13 square kilometers. In January 1988, it was announced by the State Council as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
At first, Jin Xiangong gave Bi Wan the land of Wei (now Ruicheng) for his contribution to the destruction of Geng, Huo and Wei. After Bi Wan changed his surname to Wei because of the fief, Wei Jiang assisted Duke Duke Duke of Jin in eight years and became a vassal in Anyi, so Wei moved from Wei to Anyi. After Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin in 43 years ago, Wei Si (Wei Wenhou) established its capital in Anyi, which is now the site of Yuwangcheng in Xia County. In the 31st year of Wei Huiwang (the first 339 years), the capital of Wei moved to Daliang (Kaifeng).
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty escaped from Chang 'an and moved to Anyi, where he worshipped God in the suburbs, pardoned the world and changed to Yuan Jian 'an. After half a year, I went to Luoyang by Wenxi.
Yuwangcheng site consists of four parts: big city, middle city, small town and Yuwangtai. The big city is Guo Cheng, the middle city is the capital city (in the southwest of the big city), the small town is Miyagi (in the center of the big city and northeast of the middle city), and Yuwangtai is the place to worship Yu (outside the southeast corner of the small town).
Yuwangcheng site has cultural layers from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, which is an important part of Chinese history and culture.
Yuwangtai, also known as Qingtai, is a square rammed earth platform, with a height of 11 meters, a length of 58 meters from east to west and a width of 7 meters from north to south, which was the place where Yu was sacrificed in previous dynasties.
Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu Su Shui" contains: "Anyi, Yudu is also. Yu married a woman from Tu Shanshi, missed his country and built a platform to look forward to it. Today, at the south gate of the city, the stylobate still exists. " Jin Kan Qian's Records of Thirteen States of Kan Qian says: "Xia Yutai, fifteen miles northwest of Xia County, is married to Tu Shanshi's daughter, homesick for her country, and hopes to build a platform. The abutment of the south gate of this city still exists. "Xia Jing and Luo Xiaren wrote: Tu Shanshi Terrace in Anyi is called Qingtai, and there is a Yuci Temple on it.
During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, the Yuwang Temple, palaces and pavilions, and carved beams and painted buildings were built on the Yuwang Terrace. There is a plaque "Ming Ming Ge" in the main hall, in the middle of which is dedicated to Dayu, with four heroes, Hao Tao, Hou Ji, Bo Yi and Qi, on both sides, and behind the platform is the Empress Tu Shanshi Hall. The pavilion is inscribed with the inscription "Mountains and Rivers", with Qi Temple on the left and Shao Kang Temple on the right. Temple door plaque "hail to the DPRK". There are Donghuamen and Xihuamen under the stage, 48 left and right corridors and a singing stage, with ten acres of square and five acres of lotus pond around. Yuwang Temple, rebuilt in Han, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, was destroyed by war in 194s.
Standing on the platform of Yuwangtai, I recall the story that Tu Shanshi and Dayu parted immediately after their wedding, and Dayu stayed at home for three times. Imagine Mr. Qingtai Gao, in the afterglow of the sunset, when birds return to their nests, Tu Shanshi looks at his hometown. What kind of state of mind is that? "People say that the sunset is the end of the world, and I can't see my home as far as I can. I hate the barrier between Bishan and Bishan, and Bishan is still covered by twilight clouds. "
There are three crude Dayu temples on the stage.
I noticed that there were no wild trees in Yuwangtai, and the old man who took care of them said, "These Ailanthus altissima trees are wild, only Ailanthus altissima trees, which have been called" Ailanthus altissima is king "by the common people.
this is a sewer tunnel built in the Ming dynasty.
It can be seen that the rammed layer
The Xia Dynasty ended in Xia Jie, which was dissolute and tyrannical, and the Mingtiaogang, north of Yuwangcheng, was the battle to end the Xia Dynasty. Xia Jie killed Guan Long-ti, a loyal minister who made a bold face and directly remonstrated, and Guan Long-ti became the "first person to remonstrate before death". Guan Longting was the ancestor of Guan's family, and later Guan Yu achieved the highest glory of Guan's family.
qiangxia village, peijie town, Xia county, is named after being located under the wall of yuwangcheng. Guandi Temple under the wall was approved as the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units in October 219.
"Guandi Temple is all over the world, except knowing the number of states under the wall" is a bit exaggerated, but Guandi Temple under the wall should be called the largest Guandi Temple at the village level.
Guandi Temple under the wall, formerly Guanwang Temple, was founded between the Yuan Dynasty and Zhengnian. The existing buildings were built in the 16th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1677), facing south. The buildings along the central axis are Lelou, Kanting, Xianting, Juanpeng and main hall in turn, with annex halls on both sides of the main hall.
the music building doubles as a gate, with two floors, the lower floor is an aisle and the upper floor is a stage. Three rooms wide and four rafters deep. On the back of the beam, there is an inscription entitled "Xin You Shi She Lantern Festival will rebuild the theater in the 2th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty". Several couplets were engraved on the doorframe between the columns: "Jade Zhen Jin Sheng broke the cold world, singing and dancing were handed down from ancient times to modern times", "Little places can be used as home and country, and ordinary people can be civil and military ghosts and gods", "One dream occupies all the autumn rivers and moons, and thousands of dances bloom together".
in front of the music building is the pavilion. The pavilion is the largest and the highest specification in this group of buildings. Thick column support, cross beam, inclined beam and strip beam are different structures to bear the weight of the roof, which is a high-level specimen of ancient architectural mechanics; Painted and woodcarved dragons and phoenixes, figures, birds and animals, flowers and other shapes are all over the whole building, with vivid and exquisite images; Glass roof, noble style.
I doubt that the pavilion is actually a dedication pavilion. From the perspective of the construction method of ancestral temples, there is no such thing as watching pavilions; From the analysis of reason, the largest and highest specification building will not be designed for people to watch the play; According to the inscription of "Rebuilding the Music Building of Guandi Gate" in the 28th year of Emperor Kangxi in the temple, there are a main hall, a sleeping hall, a pavilion and a rolling shed, but there is no pavilion. Of course, it can be built later, but its specifications exceed those of the main hall and the pavilion, which is a bit strange.
music building, viewing pavilion, offering pavilion
viewing pavilion, offering pavilion, roll shed
offering pavilion, roll shed, main hall and accessory hall
enter the offering pavilion, with the roll shed in the middle and the main hall behind.
standing at the entrance of the main hall, I turned around to see the roll shed and the pavilion.
Xue Song's Tomb in Zhang Cun, Shuitou Town, Xiaxian County, is located in the field outside the village, with monuments and tombs. A monument pavilion has just been built, and it was the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 213. Xue Song, the grandson of Xue Rengui and the son of Xue Chuyu, rode and shot with great brawn. He broke through the Korean War with his father in the 15th year of 28, and he was charged with string hunting at night, in order to honor the Yuanmen of the Department, and once entered Suwei (the Guards).
Fan Yang and Youzhou saved Xue Chuyu and his brother Xue Ne from military reform, which was pushed out by conservatives and removed from office, which accelerated the outbreak of Anshi Rebellion. During the Anshi Rebellion, Xue Song joined the rebels and became a general under An Qingxu when his family was excluded and he was suppressed. After An Qingxu's defeat, Xue Song was sent to save Shi Siming, making a concession, which showed that Xue Song had a considerable position in An Qingxu's army. After the defeat of the rebels and the surrender of the imperial court, Xue Song led 3, "rebels" in the four states of Xiang, Wei, Ming and Xing, and was appointed by the imperial court as the ministers of the punishments department and the ministers of Xiang Wei, Ming and Xing. Song Jin was appointed to the post, and he was quite famous for his governance. He was appointed as the king of Pingyang County. In the seventh year of Dali (772), he was buried in Cizhou in winter, and was buried in Xiaxian County in October the following year. "Guangxu Shanxi Tongzhi": "Xue Song, Zu Rengui and Kao Chu Yu were buried in the west of the county for forty miles."
Xue Song is the historical prototype of Xue Gang in Xue Gang's Anti-Korean War. The dramatic story is far from the historical facts, only the section of Anti-Korean War is consistent.
In the Monument Pavilion, there was a pass through Tombstone in the 8th year of the Tang Dynasty (773), with a height of 64cm. It was solid and magnificent, and it remained tall and straight after more than a thousand years.
Xue Song Tombstone Ming is a masterpiece of Tang Daizong's official script. The inscription records the life of Xue Song and the rise of Xue's family. It was written by Langzhong Hao Cheng, the ritual department of Shangshu, and Han Xiushi, the son of Han Zemu, one of the "Four Officials in the Tang Dynasty", wrote Dan. The revival of official script in the Tang Dynasty was represented by the "four official schools in the Tang Dynasty", among which Han Zemu was uncle Han Yu, and his calligraphy was highly valued by generations. After Han Choemu became an official, Dai Zong sighed that "Mo Miao could not continue" and ordered him to recommend good books. Han Choemu gave his eldest son, Han Xiushi, as a substitute, and Han Xiushi entered the Hanlin for a imperial edict, taking charge of the four directions, criticizing and answering articles. Han Xiushi's official script adheres to the family style, elegant and vigorous, and has ancient meaning. As one of the essences of Shanxi stele, The Inscription of Xue Gong Tombstone was published by Shanxi People's Publishing House.
Xue Song's tomb is about 2 miles away from Tombstone, and its enclosure is 2.45 meters high and 91 meters long, so we can imagine the Shinto and the scale of the cemetery.
Sima Guang's tomb, including the ancestral hall, Qing Yu Zen Temple, Sima Wengong's Tombstone and the stele building outside the temple, is located in Xiaochao Village, Shuitou Town, Xia County, and was the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 1988.
Sima Guang (119 ~ 186), whose real name was Junshi, was born in Sushui, Xia County, and was known as Mr. Sushui in the world. He presided over the compilation of Zi Zhi Tong Jian. Through the four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong and Zhezong, the official to Shangshu was left servant and assistant minister. After his death, he posthumously presented a surname, Wen Guogong and posthumous title Wenzheng.
Tombstone, the Duke of Sima Wen, and the stele building, outside the Temple of Sima Wen, were built by Zhu Shichang, Shanxi's supervisor in Jiajing 3rd year of Ming Dynasty (1524). On the eaves column of the stele building, there is a picture of Qing Dynasty couplets: "Brilliant Virtue Flows through the Water, Faithful Hair Yuexiu Emei". The monument is thick and tall, with a decapitated turtle and a height of 9 meters. It can be called "Giant Monument of China", with the inscription "Sima Wen Gong Tombstone" and the inscription "Monument of Loyalty, Purity and Virtue" by Zhao Xu of Song Zhezong. The stele building is a brick-wood structure, which is different from the common stone-like wooden stele building in the local area. It has no masonry carving and is simple and generous.
Tombstone, the former Duke Wen of Sima, was founded in the third year of Yuanyou in the Northern Song Dynasty (188). Emperor Zhezong personally inscribed the seal "The Monument of Loyalty, Purity and Virtue", Su Shi was pardoned to write an article and wrote a calligraphy, and Wang Pan, the official of the jade book, was instructed to copy it. At the beginning of Shao Shengchu, Zhou Zhishou, the head of the Imperial History, said: "Wen Gong slandered the first emperor, and abolished his laws, so he should be punished for his crimes." Zhezong ordered the original tablet to be pushed down and broken into four sections, and the inscription was destroyed and buried deep underground. The tablet was huge and survived. In the eighth year of Emperor Jin's reign (1148), the new magistrate of Xiaxian County, Wang Tingzhi, paid a visit to Sima Wengong Temple, and saw an apricot tree growing in the ruins, which was as tall as an umbrella and flourishing. It was really a spectacle. Recalling the past, he ordered people to dig and dig, and four sections of the monument were broken in the soil. Later, the broken tablet was re-engraved according to the original rubbings, and together with the forehead and postscript ***6 Shi Lizhi, it was called "Xinghua Tablet". In the second year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1523), Zhu Shichang, the supervisor of Shanxi Province, rebuilt a huge monument in imitation of the original monument, with a height of 8.3 meters, a width of 1.76 meters and a thickness of .44 meters. It stood in the old turtle mound, crowned the "Monument of Loyalty, Purity and Virtue" written by the original philosopher, and now stands in front of the Wengong Temple in Sima Guang, which is called the first monument in Sanjin.
Su Shi wrote an article and wrote a book on Dan
There is an existing Taishan Temple in Dayang Village, Yaofeng Town, Xiaxian County, which was built in an ominous age. According to the inscription on the beam frame, it was repaired in the eighth year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (134) and the fifth year of Qin Long in Ming Dynasty (1571). Sitting facing south, five rooms are wide, two rooms are deep, hanging from the top of the mountain, with a corridor on the front eaves, which is a national key cultural relics protection unit. It looks just renovated and simple.
The Temple of Notre Dame in fengcun, located in Nianzhang Town, Xia County, is a national key cultural relic protection unit, with existing Notre Dame Hall and Bagua Pavilion (incense pavilion). Notre Dame Hall was built in the 3rd year of Yuanyanyou (1316), with three rooms wide and two rooms deep, hanging from the top of the mountain. It is said that in the temple, the first year of Yongshun in Dashun (1644), the 25th year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (1845) and the 9th year of Guangxu (1883) were preserved, and the stele tee was rebuilt, but it was not seen. The gossip pavilion (incense pavilion) attracts attention.
The incense pavilion is a memorial hall, which is composed of two parts: a mansion with a front eaves and a main pavilion with three wide rooms at the back and a single eaves and five rafters deep. It is a Ming dynasty building.
The whole pavilion really spared no expense. Look at the beam column, the structure and the roof. You can only sigh! Walking in the land of Hedong, you often experience unexpected surprises, but for quiet villages, they are normal existence! At this point, people like the people of the East River are ordinary, but they will give you a surprise inadvertently. After all, China has the longest history here, and the 5,-year-old civilization gene sinks into the blood of Hedong people.
Looking at the pavilion from this side, it is simple and elegant, noble and not vulgar.
Look at this hexagonal algae well, with a bucket arch and hanging lotus columns, with solid standards.
The Guandi Temple in Xiaxian County is located in Jiefang South Road, the county seat, and is the fifth batch of provincial-level cultural relics protection units. The Shanmen system was rebuilt after the street was expanded in 1994.
The Guandi Temple in Xiaxian County faces east from west, and was founded in Yuan Dynasty. It was added in Ming Dynasty, and was renovated in Qing Dynasty. Now there are mountain gates, memorial archways, memorial halls and main halls in turn along the central axis. There are two existing annex buildings (knife building and seal building) behind the two sides of the memorial archway, and one wing on the east and west sides of the memorial hall.
The archway is a two-column single-story wooden archway with a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain and glazed ridges.
Seal House Knife House and wings on both sides
The main hall is three rooms wide and six rafters deep, surrounded by cloisters, with double eaves resting on the top of the mountain, and there are colorful paintings in the hall.
Peijie Village in Xia County is the hometown of Jietui, and Jietui's tomb is just south of the village. When I came to the cemetery, there were only two monuments left, which were badly eroded and the handwriting was all over the place, and no words could be recognized. It is said that a tablet was erected by the Jieshi clan in the second year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1724). The inscription reads "Pushing the Tomb of Jieshi's Ancestor Jin Jiehui" and the following paragraph reads: "Qin Ershi was moved and buried here since Jiexiu, and the Hezi clan stood together". The other monument is a monument for the protection of cultural relics set up by Xia County People's Committee in 1963. The inscription reads: "Jie Zitui, Minister of Jin State in Zhou Dynasty, Pei Jieren in Xia County. Jin Wengong lived in seclusion in Mianshan because he was not rewarded for his deeds. After Jin Wengong couldn't find it, he burned the mountain and died. Qin Ershi moved and was buried here. "
I accidentally found this Peijie Guandi Temple in the village, which is a cultural relic protection unit at Taiwan and municipal level. Xiaxian people and cultural relics protection monuments can not pass, this is an example, and we will see it later.
A fairly standard Shanmen Dance Building, Shanmen Dance Building started in the Ming Dynasty and became popular in the Qing Dynasty. The ground floor is accessible, and the upper floor is used for acting. Besides the gables of the stage, a two-story theater room is built, with the upper floor as a dressing room and the lower floor as an artist's kitchen and temporary rest place. Now a wall has been added to the stage and turned into a house. When I was young, I often heard people talk about singing against Taiwan. This is about Taiwan, where two plays are sung at the same time, and it is more attractive to see the audience there. Houtu Temple and Guandi Temple under the wall are all of the same style.
The opposite stage is quite old. It was built in the 3th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (162) and rebuilt in the 4th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1775). It looks unremarkable and has stood here for more than 4 years.