Sichuan Qionglai Wenjun wells have a couplet:
Jun do not see the rich and powerful Wangsun, the cargo of the rumors added a few lines of incense history; parking to get the old traces, ask where the beauty of the grass, the empty left broken wells slanting sun; the sky cliffs know that this is difficult to meet; the most compassionate, the Green Eqi sent love, white head Xing grudges.
I am also tired of traveling Sima, Qionglong Road, how much idle worry; leaning on the railing with wine, sighing that year's celebrity style, exhausting the autumn rain in Maolin; from the ancient article hate life up to; and then say that the long door to sell the Fu, the Zen book.
This couplet praises the love of Zhuo Wenjun and Sima Xiangru. Women tend to put love in the first place, followed by the turn of life, wealth, affection, everything else is very far away from the time to do more to care, Zhuo Wenjun night run Sima Xiangru is a clear example.
The Zhuo family's ancestral home in Zhao, Handan, Zhao was a famous iron smelting center at the time, the Zhuo family to smelting iron to get rich, and so on, when the Qin Shi Huang destroyed the Zhao for the unification of the occasion. Zhuo family moved to the Shu side of the small remote Eup Qiong settlement, still smelting iron for the industry. To the Han Dynasty, the reign of Wenjing, Zhuo family to Zhuo Wangsun generation, due to social stability, the operation of the law, has become a rich man, has a thousand hectares of land; Chinese Hall of Cherry House, high team of horses; as for the gold, silver and jewels, antiques and curiosities, but also countless.
The mountains and waters of Shuzhong are so beautiful that it has given birth to many outstanding literati, and Sima Xiangru is one of them.
Si Ma Xiangru (179-117 BC), known as Changqing, was a native of Chengdu, Sichuan Province. He was a literary scholar of the Western Han Dynasty, whose first name was Inu Zi (犬子), but he changed his name to Xiangru (相如) because of his admiration for Lin Xiangru (蔺相如), a man of the Warring States period, who was determined to do great things for his country. Shortly after Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty came to the throne, Sima Xiangru came to Chang'an and met the King of Liang, who was quite scholarly. At that time, Zou Yang, Mei Xie and Yan Ji, who were famous for their rhetoric, followed him around. Sima Xiangru was so enamored that he followed the king of Liang. He was very happy with his life in Liang, where he composed and played the qin. The king of Liang praised him for his talent and gave him a zither named Green Qi, which was engraved with the words "Tong Zi Huan Jing", and was a rare and valuable musical instrument at that time. This is the same zither that Sima Xiangru used to play "Phoenix", and Zhuo Wenjun ran away at night after listening to it, and the so-called "green qi" made this zither even more legendary.
When he eloped with Zhuo Wenjun, Sima Xiangru's life was not a life of music and books, poetry and wine, and the moon and the wind. Due to the short-lived death of the king of Liang, guests scattered, Sima Xiangru returned to his hometown of Chengdu, while the family has been the death of both parents, the family of four walls, in the absence of self-supporting circumstances, he held a confused hope to the border county of Lin Qiong rely on the magistrate's good friend Wang Ji, foster people under the fence. According to the Records of the Grand Historian. Sima Xiangru biography" records: his capital, Liang State eunuchs return to Shu, should be a good friend Lin Qiong (now Qionglai, Sichuan Province), the invitation of the order of Wang Ji, went to be a guest.
The daughter of the richest man in the area, Zhuo Wangsun, Zhuo Wenjun, has a face like hibiscus and eyebrows like the distant mountains, and is very talented and well-versed in music, chess, calligraphy and painting. Wenjun seventeen years old was promised to marry the Dou family, did not hire the husband died, into the door of the new widow. Wenjun's youthful widowhood, naturally, is the face of spring flowers, autumn and moon, feeling things hurt, doubly miserable.
Once, Zhuo Wangsun held a grand banquet for hundreds of people, Zhuo Wangsun Si Ma Xiangru's reputation, Xiangru and Wang Ji were invited to participate in the capacity of VIPs. The main elegant guest diligence, each slightly drunk. During the banquet, Wang Ji introduced Sima Xiangru as a master of the zither. He was invited to play the zither, and played two pieces of music, one of which was the famous "Phoenix", in order to express his admiration for Wenjun, by using the sound of the zither to pour out his heart:
The phoenix returns to its hometown, and the phoenix travels to the four corners of the world to seek its phoenix.
The time has not yet come and there is nothing to be done, so I will realize that this is the time to open the hall!
There is a beautiful lady in the boudoir, and the room is full of people who are poisonous to me.
Why are they so close to each other, and why do they fly down and **** up?
This is the first time I've ever seen a woman in the world who has been in love with a woman, and I'm not sure who she is.
The two wings will fly high, and there is no feeling of sorrow for me.
Beautiful and versatile Zhuo Wenjun listened to Sima Xiangru's zither behind the screen, and the song "Phoenix" stirred her heart, which was not willing to follow the feudal rites and be widowed for the rest of her life. "Wenjun stole a peep from the house, and was pleased with it, fearing that it would not be appropriate. After that, Xiangru made someone re-gift Wenjun's attendant (maidservant) to be attentive to her. Wenjun died at night and ran to Xiangru, who then sped with her back to Chengdu." The story of Wenjun's marriage to Xiangru is one of the most popular stories in the history of China.
Zhuo Wenjun was in Sima Xiangru very disappointed, downtrodden, with Sima Xiangru in her home played a song "Phoenix", in the feudal era of strict social etiquette, despite the suspicion of the night elope in the guest house of Sima Xiangru. More in the next day so that both chi return to Chengdu Sima Xiangru old home, can be said to be in love, or love is a thing, incomprehensible.
On this matter, Zhuo Wangsun is naturally furious. He thought that Sima Xiangru was a disgrace to his family, and that his own daughter was not good enough to run away late at night, which was a disgrace to his family and made him lose face; more importantly, Sima Xiangru was a pauper.
Returning to Chengdu, Wenjun pawned her headdress because she was in dire straits. Sima Xiangru was so proud of himself that he was able to sell his clothes and wine, and lived a life of freedom with no tomorrow, while Zhuo Wenjun also took off her clothes and replaced them with food, with no concern for her future livelihood.
A few months later, they simply sell the car and horse, back to Lin Qiong opened a small restaurant, Zhuo Wenjun light dress, kiln sell sprinkles, not lowly and not overbearing, demeanor. In order to love forever, Sima Xiangru also do not play the piano, but also put on calf plate nose pants, and the Paul Maid miscellaneous work, clean the ware in the city, busy as a runner work, lifting pots and wash bowls to do miscellaneous work, talk and laugh. In this way, although life is a bit hard, but the two are happy and fulfilled, not for the world tired!
This is the city of Lin Qiong on a piece of big news, suddenly near and far sensation, small hotels in the market, bustling. News to Zhuo father Wang Sun's ears, he felt that there are women like this, is really on their own face on the big over, coupled with the family and friends can not stand to persuade, and then compromised, forced to give them a hundred child servants, money millions of coins, and a thick trousseau, to accept the son-in-law has been cooked rice. From then on, the young couple lived a leisurely life of drinking wine and playing the zither.
Some people say that this is a set of Sima Xiangru's "rascal" style, forcing his father-in-law to give in, which also shows that Sima Xiangru does not have the poor look of the general literati, and is quite bold. This may be an important reason why Zhuowenjun loved him so much.
After Emperor Jing of Han, Emperor Wu took the throne. Emperor Wu y appreciated the "Zi Xu Fu" written by Sima Xiangru when he was originally with King Liang, and paid him the title of Lang. So Sima Xiangru once again came to the capital, so the two were difficult to be together. After Si Ma Xiangru was appointed as a lang, he was often afraid to avoid things and did not actively strive for a position, but only served Emperor Wu with his strength in rhetoric. In the third year of Jianyuan (138 B.C.), Emperor Wu changed his clothes and went on a hunting expedition in the upper forest garden in the southwest of Chang'an city. Sima Xiangru, who had been hunting from Emperor Wu to Changyang Palace, wrote a piece called "Shanglin Fugue", praising the grand scenes of the Emperor's hunting. All the mountains and rivers, flowers and grasses, horses and carriages, and the strong and powerful escort, all of which are strewn between the lines. The emperor was so pleased with the performance that he made Sima Xiangru his official position.
At this time, Sima Xiangru was full of ambition in Chang'an, while Zhuo Wenjun was alone in Chengdu, waiting for her husband to return to his home, and over a long period of time, she had the feeling of "Suddenly I saw the color of the willow on the street, and regretted that I taught my husband to look for the feudal lords".
Si Ma Xiangru with a flowery pen, with a diatribe, to explain the reasoning, the advantages and disadvantages, and the promise of rewards, to eliminate the instability of the situation in the two places of Ba Shu, the Han Emperor was very happy, and then worshiped as a general of the Zhonglang, holding a section of the southwest border area, the barbarians for the mission to consolation. Thus, he returned to Chengdu in a grand manner with flags and banners, and decorated his carriage and guards. After meeting with Zhuowenjun, he went all the way to the southwest. Of course, it must be a detour to see the Lin Qiong, local officials have been out of the silhouette to meet, the people are the road cheering, Zhuo Wangsun is naturally very honorable, insisted on retaining the son-in-law and the baby girl to stay for a few days. Compared with the poor and downtrodden, selling wine in the shop, it is naturally this time, the other time.
The Southwest barbarians after Sima Xiangru's comfort and understanding, are all flattered by the table, according to the reason Sima Xiangru merit in the Han Dynasty, should be rewarded, but because of his own stuck in the scholar's opinion, the book to stop the Emperor of the Han Dynasty hunting, more flattering and ironic persuasion, thwarted the Emperor of the Han Dynasty's excitement, and only gave him a position of high and idle official position.
Later, Sima Xiangru became more and more famous, and wanted to take a concubine. According to the "Miscellany of the Western Capital", "Sima Xiangru was going to hire a woman from Maoling to be his concubine, and Zhuo Wenjun made a poem called "White Heads Yin", and then Xiangru stopped it". However, examiners say that this poem is a folk work.
Attachment: Two Songs for the Qin (Han Dynasty) by Si Ma Xiangru
One of them
The phoenix returns to its hometown, and it travels all over the world in search of its emperor.
The time has not yet come when there is nothing to be done, so why is it that the phoenix has now risen to the throne?
There is a beautiful lady in the boudoir, and the room is full of people who are poisonous to me.
What is the reason to cross the necks of the mandarin ducks, Hu Jie fly down and **** soaring!
Huang Ruohuang Ruoh, from my perch, can be entrusted to yield tail forever as a consort.
They are in harmony with each other, so who knows what they are doing at night?
The two wings are both up and flying high, and there is no feeling of sorrow for me.
The second
If there is a beauty, I will never forget it.
If you don't see her for a day, you'll miss her like crazy.
The wind flies and soars, and the four seas seek the phoenix.
Without any help, the beautiful woman is not on the east wall.
It is the string that speaks for me, and I want to tell you how I feel.
It is not allowed to fly, so I will fall.
The first song expresses Xiangru's infinite admiration for and passionate pursuit of Wenjun. Xiangru compares himself to the phoenix and Wenjun to the emperor (phoenix), which has multiple meanings in the specific context of this poem.
First, the phoenix is a legendary god bird, the male is called phoenix, the female is called phoenix. The ancients called the Lin, Phoenix, Turtle and Dragon the "Four Spirits" of heaven and earth, (Li Ji. Rites of Passage") Phoenix is the king of birds. Dai Dai Li. Yi Ben Ming" cloud: "there are feathers of the insect 360 and the phoenix for the long.
Changqing, who had been admiring Lin Xiangru's talent since his childhood, changed his name to Xiangru, and was already famous in the literary world at that time; Wenjun was also a woman of extraordinary talent and appearance, and was not an ordinary woman. Therefore, it is compared to the phoenix here, which has the meaning of being a man of lofty spirit and extraordinary self-appointment. The phrase "traveling all over the world" reinforces the symbolism of the phoenix, which is based on the myth that the phoenix "comes from the country of the oriental gentleman, soars beyond the four seas, passes through the Kunlun, drinks from the pillars, feathers from the weak water, and does not (twilight) stay in the windy caves" (Guo Pu's note in the "Erya", citing the old cloud of the sky), but also a metaphor for Xiangru's experience as a eunuch: he had previously traveled to the capital, and had been appointed by Emperor Jingdi to be the standing minister of the Wu Cavalry, but because Emperor Jingdi was not a good rhetorician, Xiangru was unable to show his ambition, and resigned from his post to visit the Liang emperor in Tianliang on account of his illness. When King Liang Xiaowang invited a lot of scholars, Xiangru stayed under his tutelage "for several years with all the scholars and travelers". It was only after the death of King Liang that Xiangru "returned to his hometown". It was only after the death of King Liang that Xiangru returned to his hometown, which shows that he was a "good bird chooses a tree of integrity".
Secondly, the ancients often used "phoenix in flight" and "luan and phoenix in harmony" as a metaphor for the harmony and beauty of husband and wife. For example, Zuo Zhuan. Zhuang Gong 22": "In the beginning, Yi divined his wife Jingzhong. His wife said: "It is auspicious that the phoenix is in flight, and the luan and phoenix are in harmony". In this case, the phoenix is used as a metaphor for Xiangru's courtship of Wenjun, and the phrase "traveling to the four corners of the world" implies that a good match is hard to come by.
Thirdly, the phoenix is also associated with music. For example, in Shangshu. Yiji: "The phoenix comes to the ceremony of the nine successes of xiaoshao. And "Biography of the Immortals": Duke Mu of Qin's daughter Lanyu and her husband Xiao Shi blowing, the phoenix came to stop its house, Duke Mu for the phoenix platform, and then Lanyu and his wife are riding the phoenix and go. Therefore, Li He used the phrase "Kunshan jade is broken and the phoenix is called" ("Li Ping Konghou quotes") to compare the beauty of music. Wenjun is a good musician, and Xiangru uses the sound of the zither to "seek his emperor," which is a metaphor for seeking a soulmate with the heart of the zither, reminding us of the musical interplay between Yu Bo Ya and Zhong Ziqi, which resulted in the lament that a soulmate is hard to find in a sea of people.
The second song is even bolder and more intense, secretly asking Wen Jun to meet in the middle of the night and elope together. "Biography": "lactation is said to be breeding, and coitus is said to be tail." "Consort", spouse. "Shawen": "consort, also." "Exchange of feelings and ideas", exchange and communication of feelings, i.e., the love of the heart. "The first two lines call out to Wenjun to come. The first two sentences call Wenjun to come to the secret coitus, three or four sentences imply that each other's love for each other to elope at night, no one will know; five or six sentences indicate that they are far away, urging each other not to let me down, in vain for you to miss the sadness of the thought of each other. Cover Xiangru has been bought beforehand Wenjun handmaiden secretly attentive to Wenjun widowed state of mind and love ideals have also been known, and now the heart of the zither to pick it, so dare to bold and unrestrained so.
The reason why these two songs have won the favor of posterity lies first in the strong anti-feudal ideology expressed in "Phoenix". Xiangru Wenjun boldly broke through the net of feudal rites and the fence of feudal patriarchy, what "do not wait for the order of parents, matchmakers, drilling holes to spy on each other, over the wall to follow each other, the parents of the country are cheap." (Mengzi. Teng Wengong," or "A woman has the right to follow the three ways, but not the exclusive way." （"A husband has the right to remarry, but a woman cannot be separated from her husband." (Ban Zhao, "Women's Commandments") What "men and women ...... without coins do not see each other," (Li Ji Fang Ji) "the door is right for the family," and other sacred rituals and laws, all were Xiangru, Wenjun's bold elopement action stepped on the foot of the future generations of young men and women to fight for the autonomy of marriage, the freedom of love, a flag. Let's look at the influence of role modeling in the literature of later generations: Zhang Sheng in "The West Wing" also sang "Phoenix" over the wall, saying, "In the past, Sima Xiangru had this song to make things happen, although I am not as good as Xiangru, I hope the lady will have Wenjun's intention.
Artistically, these two zither songs, with the "phoenix seeking phoenix" as a generic metaphor, not only contains a passionate courtship, but also symbolizes the ideals of the hero and heroine of the extraordinary, the noble purpose, the tacit understanding of the soulmate, and other rich implications. The whole poem is shallow and deep, with bright syllables and passionate feelings.