Nationality: Han Date of birth: June 21st, 1965
Native place: Suizhong County, Liaoning Province
Political outlook: party member, China * * *
Height: 168cm
Weight: 65kg
Family members. In 1987, he graduated from the Eighth Flight Academy of China People's Liberation Army Air Force. He has served as a pilot and squadron leader of a certain division of the Air Force. He has flown fighter planes and other aircraft, flying safely for 1,35 hours, and was rated as a first-class pilot. Now he is a third-class astronaut of the China People's Liberation Army Astronaut Brigade. In 1996, he participated in the astronaut primary election and was shortlisted; In January 1998, he stood out from more than 8 finalists and became one of the first astronauts in China. In the preparation stage of the launch of Shenzhou V manned spacecraft, the expert group voted by secret ballot and was selected as the "three-person first flight echelon" and was confirmed as the chief candidate.
Yang Liwei's voice
Before going out to war, Yang Liwei confided his voice to the soldiers of the whole army when answering a reporter's question at the press conference of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
our reporter asked: what do you want to say to your comrades in the three armed forces through the military newspaper? Yang Liwei: As an astronaut, I am first and foremost a soldier of the Republic of China. As a soldier, through the training and education of the army for so many years, I think that in carrying out this task, I will be able to carry forward the glorious tradition and fearless revolutionary spirit of the people's army, obey orders and commands, overcome all difficulties and resolutely complete the task. I also want to thank our comrades-in-arms of the whole army for their encouragement, care and love through the military newspaper, and please rest assured that I will live up to your expectations and add color to our military flag.
"For the peace and progress of mankind, China people came to space!" On the occasion of boarding the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft, Yang Liwei, the first astronaut of China manned space flight in a spacesuit, wrote this sentence for reporters with passion.
The Chinese are coming, and Yang Liwei is coming! At 9: on October 15th, 23, with the 38-year-old Lieutenant Colonel astronaut Yang Liwei flying into space in a manned spaceship designed and manufactured by China, the Chinese dream of flying for thousands of years finally came true, and China became the third space power to send astronauts into space after Russia and the United States.
The whole world has remembered the name of a China person-Yang Liwei.
Ten years of flying fighter planes
On June 21st, 1965, Yang Liwei was born in Suizhong County, Liaoning Province, into a scholarly family.
Yang Liwei's father graduated from college in the early 196s. My father became a teacher first, and then did administrative work in an agricultural and sideline products company in Suizhong County. My mother worked as a Chinese teacher in a middle school in the county until she retired. He also has a sister and a younger brother. There are five people in the family who live in harmony and live a comfortable and peaceful life.
"Do things in a down-to-earth manner and be honest" is what Yang Liwei's parents demand of him. As a child, Yang Liwei was clever, quick-witted, and a baby head. When he graduated from primary school, he was admitted to the top class of key middle schools in the county with excellent results, and participated in mathematics competitions for middle school students in the county many times, winning many prizes.
In the summer of p>1983, 18-year-old Yang Liwei was admitted to the Eighth Flying Academy of China People's Liberation Army Air Force. During his four years of college life, his academic and training achievements have been excellent.
In p>1987, Yang Liwei graduated from the Flying Academy and became a fighter pilot in an Air Force division. With natural intelligence and hard work, he soon became the top pilot in the division, and later he became an excellent fighter pilot. In the past 1 years, he flew from North China to Northwest China and from Northwest China to Southwest China, leaving his lithe figure in the blue sky of Wan Li.
In the summer of p>1992, Yang Liwei's unit came to an airport in Xinjiang to perform training tasks. That day, he flew Hawk at a very low altitude over the Aiding Lake in Turpan. Suddenly, the plane made a loud noise, and the instrument showed that the cylinder temperature suddenly rose and the engine speed dropped sharply! Yang Liwei understood that he had encountered a serious "air parking" failure, and one of the aircraft engines did not work! At an emergency, Yang Liwei was unusually calm: Be sure to fly the plane back!
He held the joystick firmly, slowly closed the throttle, and drove the fighter plane with only one engine to climb up and climb up little by little. 5 meters, 1 meters, 15 meters, the plane crossed the Tianshan Mountains and flew to the airport. Near the runway, the remaining engine didn't work either. He decisively took emergency landing gear release measures and successfully landed the fighter plane that had completely lost power on the runway.
when he came out of the cabin, his flight suit was all soaked with sweat. Comrades gathered around to hug him. The colonel excitedly announced on the spot that he would give Yang Liwei a third-class merit.
The correct handling of this "special situation in the air" shows Yang Liwei's excellent psychological quality.
Stand out from the 8 finalists
In the early summer of p>1996, Yang Liwei, who is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 65 kilograms, was informed to go to Qingdao Sanatorium to take part in the physical examination of the astronauts' primary election. After passing the initial examination, he was informed to attend the clinical examination in Beijing Air Force General Hospital. Yang Liwei was happy and came three days in advance. The nurse joked with him: "Are you too active?"
Next, he went to Beijing Institute of Aerospace Medical Engineering to take part in the "special inspection", that is, the inspection of aerospace physiological function.
Gagarin, the first astronaut of the former Soviet Union who flew into space, once described the scene when he took part in the physical examination of astronaut selection: besides checking the health status, doctors looked for hidden defects in everyone. They check with the help of all possible biochemical, physiological, EEG and psychological methods and special functional tests. Check us in all kinds of very thin air pressure chambers and rotate us on centrifuges. All this took a few weeks and eliminated many companions.
The selection of astronauts in China should also "go through five hurdles and cut off six generals". Medical clinical examination should examine dozens of large and small organs of the human body one by one. The subsequent space physiological function examination is even more demanding, and it is necessary to rotate rapidly on the centrifuge to test the overweight endurance of the subjects in the direction of chest back and head and basin; The subjects should be raised to 5m and 1m in the low-pressure test chamber to test their hypoxia tolerance. The vestibular function of the subjects should be checked on the rotating seat and swing. After a few months, there are few more than 8 primary finalists left.
Yang Liwei successfully passed one level after another. The last check he did was "1,-meter hypoxia and low pressure check". This requires oxygen and nitrogen removal outside the cabin, and then sitting in a cabin that mimics the low pressure of 1, meters. When he descended from the simulated height of 1, meters, he thought, "All passed at last." He felt relaxed and touched his head subconsciously. As a result, the doctor was nervous. After coming down, he asked him, "Are you uncomfortable up there?"
Yang Liwei is the luckiest and the best. His indexes of clinical medicine and aerospace physiological function have reached excellent, and he has conquered all the experts in the selection Committee. In January 1998, as one of the first astronauts in China, Yang Liwei came to the Beijing Astronaut Training Center with his dream and pursuit.
In the middle of winter, the climate in Beijing is particularly cold, and his heart is warm. He and more than a dozen other astronauts visited the rocket system, flight system and measurement and control system of China's manned spaceflight project and listened to the lectures of experts. His understanding of the astronaut profession has become profound from the initial mystery.
He learned that China had its own missiles, atomic bombs and man-made earth satellites in the decades-long struggle to tackle key problems after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and now it has begun a sprint to manned space flight; Behind him and other China astronauts, there are many unsung heroes silently dedicating themselves, and thousands of troops are holding China's "Shenzhou".
He thought that China had the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon's dream of flying in ancient times. For thousands of years, many literati have written touching poems for this, and thousands of people have made extremely tragic attempts. Now, the Chinese dream of flying will become a reality with his participation and efforts!
can yang Liwei not be excited and proud of it!
struggling to climb the "ladder to heaven"
Alexei Leonov, a former Soviet astronaut who was selected together with Gagarin, once called the training stage of astronauts "ladder to heaven". His companion Valery Bekowski added: "This is not a short ladder." They're right.
The first step for Yang Liwei to climb is basic theory training. I have been a pilot for more than 1 years, and now I am back in the classroom. More than a dozen courses, such as Fundamentals of Manned Space Engineering, Fundamentals of Space Medicine, Anatomy and Physiology, and Star Recognition, should be learned from the beginning.
When he left the Air Force, the teacher who saw him off once said to him, "I have nothing to worry about your health and training. But you may have to face the challenge of learning many new things. " At that time, Yang Liwei didn't care too much about this.
I feel deeply now. He called the teacher-in-charge: "You're right! Now I am doing my homework every day like a student preparing for the college entrance examination. "
Yang Liwei was born to be unwilling to lag behind. When he remembered his sacred mission, he even forgot to eat and sleep. He recalled: "I didn't sleep before 12 o'clock in the evening for two years when I first came."
He used to have a weak foundation in English. In order to remember words and sentences, he called home from the astronaut apartment every night and asked his wife Zhang Yumei to ask questions on the phone. Over and over again. Later in the exam, he actually got 1 points.
The second step is the adaptive training of space environment. This is a very hard training. Take the "overweight endurance" training as an example. When the spacecraft returns to Earth in ballistic orbit, the overweight value will reach more than a dozen "G", that is, people have to bear the pressure equivalent to more than ten times their own weight. Under normal circumstances, it is easy to cause people to breathe extremely hard or stop, lose their will, and even directly affect their life safety. Yang Liwei must strengthen his overweight endurance through training.
Centrifuge training is the most effective form for astronauts to improve their overweight endurance. In the round hall, Yang Liwei sat in a cylinder with an iron arm more than 8 meters long. In the high-speed rotation of 1 kilometers per hour, he should not only practice anti-load movements such as tense abdominal muscles and abdominal breathing, but also answer questions at any time, interpret signals, and maintain agile judgment and reaction ability.
the centrifuge is rotating, and the load is gradually increased from 1 g to 8 g. Yang Liwei's facial muscles began to deform and droop, muscles pulled down, and his forehead protruded high. When the head and basin are overweight, his blood is pressed to the lower limbs, and his brain is ischemic and dizzy; When he is overweight in the direction of chest and back, his chest and back are like a boulder weighing several hundred kilograms, which causes his heart to beat faster and his breathing is difficult. Every time he does training, he has to pay huge physical exertion.
Yang Liwei is a brainiac. He knows that the anti-load methods taught by teachers depend on personal experience and exploration in practice. Therefore, every time he trains, he consciously practices according to the method of personal experience, communicates with teachers in time, sums up experience, grasps the degree of anti-load force and frequency, and slowly figures out the rules and methods, so that this challenging and harsh training gradually becomes easier.
The training of "swivel chair" and "head down" is unbearable for ordinary people, but Yang Liwei has also done very well.
On a rest day, when my wife came home, she found him spinning around in the living room alone. She was very surprised and asked, "What are you doing?" He said: "In a couple of days, we will do the swivel chair training assessment. I will stimulate myself first."
An old expert who is very demanding on astronaut training proudly said, "Yang Liwei is the best in swivel chair training, and he is my most proud student."
Similarly, a few days before doing "head-down" training, Yang Liwei stopped sleeping with a pillow at night. According to him, it is also to "stimulate yourself first."
Other "ladders" include physical training, psychological training, professional technical training, flight procedure and mission simulation training, life-saving and survival training, and so on. Yang Liwei, with his incomparable love and persistent pursuit of the aerospace industry, is strict with himself and strives for perfection in everything, and his training achievements have become the best among his peers.
Nothing can affect my training
Yang Liwei's wife, Zhang Yumei, used to be a middle school teacher. Later, she was specially recruited as an archivist in the army. She is quiet and weak, and after marriage, her husband sings with her. In order to support her husband's career, Zhang Yumei undertook all the housework, even when her son was born, which did not delay her husband's work.
My son, Yang Ningkang, is in the third grade of primary school. Xiao Ningkang's biggest hero is his father. When the teacher asked him to write a composition, he took his father's photo and wrote a "Father's Magnificence". He wrote: "I am very proud and proud to see my father's selfless dedication and hard training for the aerospace industry of the motherland in the photo." This composition was later published in the school's "Composition Guide", and Xiao Ningkang also got 18 yuan's contribution fee.
In July, 21, Zhang Yumei, his wife, was hospitalized due to illness and needed surgery. Zhang Yumei said: "When I was pushed into the operating room, I was heartbroken when I saw Yang Liwei's eyes that I had never seen before."
After the operation, Zhang Yumei was so weak that he lay flat on his bed for 24 hours and didn't dare to move at all. However, on the third day after the operation, Yang Liwei will bid farewell to his wife and go to an air base in Jilin to conduct high-altitude flight training for astronauts.
The day before he left, he sat in a chair by his wife's bedside for a whole night, and then returned to the astronaut brigade without hesitation.
The leader of the brigade said, "Your wife is very ill, are you …"
Yang Liwei said, "Please rest assured, I have asked my old mother to take care of me, and nothing can affect my training."
This high-altitude flight training, Yang Liwei finished cleanly and achieved excellent results again.
The leader of the brigade told the reporter: "On the one hand, there is a seriously ill wife, and on the other hand, there is intense training. It is conceivable that Yang Liwei is under pressure. However, his training performance is steadily improving and he is always among the best among his peers. "
being voted as the "chief candidate" by the expert group
choosing the best among the good, and choosing the best among the strong. In the preparatory stage of the launch of Shenzhou V manned spacecraft, Yang Liwei was selected as the "three-person first flight echelon" by secret ballot of the expert group, and was gloriously determined as the chief candidate for his excellent training performance and comprehensive quality.
Yang Liwei devoted himself to "intensive training".
most of the time, he stays in the "spaceship simulator". Spacecraft simulator is a professional and technical training place to simulate the spacecraft environment in equal proportion on the ground and train astronauts in space flight procedures and operations. It is often said that one minute on the stage takes ten years off the stage. The spacecraft entered the orbit from launch, and then returned to Earth by adjusting its attitude, which lasted for dozens or even hundreds of hours, with thousands of flight program instructions and more than 1 operations. The red and blue indicator lights on the dashboard in the cabin are dense, various lines are criss-crossed, and various facilities and products are dotted. To be familiar with and master them, and be able to carry out various operations and troubleshooting, only