China's Naxi people are mainly clustered in the Gucheng District of Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Weixi, Zhongdian, Ninglang and Yongsheng Counties, as well as in Yanyuan and Muli Counties in Sichuan Province and Yanjing Township of Mangkang County in the Tibet Autonomous Region. The current population is 324,679.
Agriculture is the main economic sector of the Naxi people, mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, planting rice, corn, potatoes, wheat, beans and cotton, hemp, "Lijiang horse" is famous throughout the country. The Jinsha River "Loop" is a famous forest area. Yulong mountainous area has a great variety of plants, enjoying the name of "plant warehouse" is famous all over the world. Now there are organic repair, coal mining, power generation, fertilizer, electrical machinery, light industry and other small and medium-sized enterprises.
After the founding of the Chinese people **** and the country, the Naxi people under the leadership of the Chinese **** production party, successfully carried out land reform, completed the socialist transformation, and in 1961 established the Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County. Naxi people deduction discussion more than 40 years of development and construction, has undergone radical changes have their own college students and scientific and technological personnel, in 2003, Lijiang area to set up a city, Lijiang City, including the ancient city, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Ninglang County, Huaping County and Yongsheng County. In the past, there was a lack of medical care in the Naxi areas, and many diseases and epidemics were often prevalent; now, medical and health personnel are spreading all over the countryside, basically eliminating the prevalent diseases, and the health of the people has improved significantly.
the Naxi (Nahsi) ethnic group or the Naxis (Nahsis)
[edit]Naxi traceability
Naxi heritage Naxi in Lijiang, the upper limit of residence can be traced back to when? From the examination of the origin of the tribe, there are three sayings:
One is the indigenous saying: mainly based on archaeological discoveries. According to this, the Naxi people in Lijiang generation, habitat time is the most ancient, the longest.
The second is the southern migration: according to historians such as Fang Guoyu research, Lijiang Naxi originated in ancient times from the northwestern Huangshi region southward migration of the Qiang people, the Qin and Han Dynasty moved to the Dadu River, the Yalong River basin, that is, today's Yanyuan in Sichuan Province, the Muli, Yanbian area, and then westward to this day, Ninglang Yongning, in the middle of the white land, Lijiang Bongke, Daguo, and then moved westward into the Lijiang Dam. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, they were called Banner (máo) Cow Barbarians and White Wolf Barbarians; during the Jin Dynasty, Chang Qu's Huayang Guo Zhi called them Mosha (suō) Barbarians; and during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, they were called Mozhi (suō) Barbarians. According to Tang Fanchuo "barbaric book" records, in fact, Lijiang County, along the Jinsha River is more than some of the Mosaic tribes, and thus the Jinsha River is called "Mosaic River".
Three is the fusion: that is, Lijiang Naxi by the indigenous people and the fusion of the south. This has been recognized by most scholars. According to this, the ancient Naxi distribution center, in the Han and Tang dynasties gradually completed from the Dianchuan junction of the east to the west of Lijiang big transfer.
[Edit paragraph] Dongba genesis
Naxi people generally believe in "Dongba religion", part of the people believe in Lamaism, Buddhism, Taoism, as well as the sky, the earth, mountains, water and other natural deities, with the nature of the belief in multiple gods.
Dongba scripture is Dongba chanting scriptures, Naxi language called "Dongba jiu". Dongba scripture is the written carrier of Dongba culture, naturally become the core part of Dongba culture. Its content is all-encompassing, profound, and therefore known as the ancient Naxi encyclopedia.
Dongba hieroglyphics, the Naxi language is called "Senchoru Chor". There are two kinds of Dongba script, one is hieroglyphic script, the second is Geba script - on some hieroglyphic script to simplify or re-create into a word a sound of the phonetic script. 1957 designed the Latin alphabet form of the script.
[edit]Etiquette and Taboos
I. Etiquette and Taboos in Daily Life
The Naxi people have the traditional virtues of warmth, knowledge of books and manners, and respect for the old and love for the young. Naxi internal unity and harmony, open to the outside world to absorb, treat each other with courtesy, formed a rich culture of etiquette. In the public **** place taboo loud noise, foul language. Riding a horse to the village must be dismounted, and can not be tethered to the horse in the place of sacrifice. Naxi credit and righteousness, generally do not care about the guests do not understand the Naxi customs and etiquette and the faults, but very important to equality and credit, so what requirements in the interaction with the Naxi people can best be directly stated, not to deceive and cajole. In general, in the residential area, during the daytime, guests are mostly treated under the gable corridor, and in the evening, guests are mostly treated in the main house. If in a wooden house, it is by the fire. Although there is no strict distinction between seats, but pay attention to the old and young, men and women are different. Such as at the dining table or by the fire, the front seat is called "on the eight" or "Guegueru", is the old man's priority seat. Therefore, to the Naxi people home, as long as there are old people in, even if the host invited, but also to the "on the eight" to the elderly, dinner, but also should be the first to invite the elderly and elders into the seat, do not take the initiative to occupy. If an elderly person comes in, young people should get up and give up their seats, or take the initiative to greet them. On occasions when there are elderly people, they should not cross their legs. In the meeting and eating occasions to sit upright, avoid loud noises, guessing orders, do not step on the table cross, when the host of the cigarette, wine, rice, it is appropriate to use both hands to receive, and to express gratitude. When eating, avoid knocking chopsticks and bowls, avoid turning over the dishes, and avoid successive dishes. In general, when you clip the food, you should greet the other people to move the chopsticks together, clip once, stop for a while, and then clip the second chopsticks after the last mouthful of food is swallowed. The head of the chicken should be enjoyed by the elderly, and the claws of the chicken should not be given to children. Don't leave leftovers at the bottom of the bowl. If you are sitting on a two-person stool, you should take care of the next person when you stand up, so as to prevent the next person from tipping over and falling down, which may cause injuries. ***When eating together, if you have already finished your meal, it is best to stay with the other person for a while. If you want to leave the table in advance, you have to greet others "please enjoy your meal". Into the Naxi family, not to hit the master's dog, not in front of the master or guests scolding children, do not enter the old man and woman bedroom without authorization. In the Hugu Lake area, do not enter the girl's "flower house" and do not ask about the situation of "Axia". Don't mess with the ashes in the stove. When offering sacrifices to heaven, ancestors and war gods, it is forbidden for outsiders to watch. It is forbidden to cross the "Lu" stone or the "Color" stone erected at the entrance to the gate, or to cross the fire pit. It is forbidden to sit on the threshold, or to cut things with knives and axes on the threshold. It is forbidden to hunt and kill small animals that enter the house. Frogs and snakes should be sent out when they enter the house. It is forbidden to harm the bees that tease the ears. It is forbidden to cook cats or other wild animals in the kitchen pots and stoves. Not allowed to kill the plow ox, pack horse and dawn cock; avoid eating dog meat, horse meat, cat meat and buffalo meat, legend has it that they are all for the Naxi ancestors to set up a merit, incomparable loyalty, hard work, usually to be treated kindly, and after the death of a good burial. Love songs and whistling are not allowed in the home. Eunuchs are not allowed to enter the bedroom of their daughters-in-law. The floor must not be swept after sunset. The floor must not be swept while guests are present. The door must not be closed immediately upon the departure of a guest; the guest should be escorted to the main door. It is not appropriate to dry women's underwear in public, and pants and skirts may not be dried above the passageway where the master enters and leaves the house. It is forbidden to wear a bucket hat into the house, or carry a hoe into the kitchen. It is forbidden to light a fire to go home at night, and it is forbidden to light the fire into the house. It is forbidden to go home at night and enter the fire house first, and it is forbidden to enter the bedroom first. In the morning, it is forbidden to talk about the dreams you had at night. Pregnant women are not allowed to climb fruit-bearing trees, or step over reins or fishing poles. It is forbidden to eat meat without seeing blood. It is forbidden to pollute water sources or cut down water source forests. It is forbidden to add food or pour water to someone with the opposite hand. It is forbidden to drink the leftover wine or tea that others have drunk. Participants in the "Sacrifice to Heaven" or "Sando Festival" should clean their hands beforehand and cross the fireworks lit by azalea branches to show that they are free from filth. On New Year's Eve, it is forbidden to wash the feet, and the dishes for the New Year's Eve dinner are forbidden to be washed. It is forbidden to leave a married woman at her mother's house on the night of New Year's Eve. The first morning of the first day of the first month of the taboo strangers into the house, taboo women get up early. Historically, the Naxi people believed in the Dongba religion, which is a primitive religion with nature worship as its main content. Dongba religion: not cut down water forests, not allowed to cut down trees in the growth period into the mountains, not allowed to hunt and kill pregnant females and young animals, not allowed to kill small animals into the house, into the people every year from January to July, this time, not allowed to hit the birds, not allowed to hunt, not allowed to fish. You are not allowed to pollute the water, spit, urinate or defecate on the water, dump garbage, wash dirty things in the river, and take well water in accordance with the regulations.
Two, wedding, funeral, birth rituals and taboos
In the Naxi region, you do not have to because of a casual invitation to hastily participate in the wedding feast, but also because of the master's "thank you" and miss the opportunity to mourn. Because of the Naxi people, disaster and sadness at the time of help will be the most reliable basis for friendship, and can even eliminate the usual grudges. On the contrary, if you only know in the celebration of joy, do not know in grief when condolences, will be regarded as poor for people. For red and white celebrations, the type and number of gifts should be based on the proximity of blood relatives and the depth of friendship. On the day of the event, generally the closer relatives and friends should send rice, wheat, sugar, wine and an appropriate amount of money in public. These gifts are collectively referred to as "favors" and are counted and recorded on the spot by two people, called "hanging favors", and handed over to the host face to face after settlement on the same day. Clothes, furniture, etc. are given on internal occasions by closer friends and relatives. If it is a foreign guest or general friends to participate in this ceremony, you can feel free to hang a little "favors" gift money, in order to express their feelings. Naxi people since ancient times, the cremation, "land reclassification" after the change to earth burial. The dead generally have to read the scriptures to the spirits of the dead. Lijiang's funeral in many ways to preserve the national tradition, the person a gas, the whole family that is the number of Tao crying, sent to friends and relatives to report the funeral. Family members wearing mourning, kneeling on both sides of the deceased to keep the spirit. Friends and relatives who come to pay homage to the deceased bow or kowtow or express their condolences by crying. Then, they express their condolences to the host and ask for his or her sympathy. When the deceased is put into the coffin or cremated, those who are in conflict with each other are not allowed to be present. Before the funeral, the elders or leaders of the family preside over the memorial service and read out the sacrificial text (or weeping text), which is a very sad and poignant scene. Mourning out of the spirit of the same genus must be avoided. Pregnant women should not give the dead to lead the way. Filial piety men and women avoid eating the soul of the dead chicken. Dongba priests are not to eat sacrifices offered to the dead. People wearing mourning clothes are not allowed to enter other people's homes. Filialized men and women do not participate in weddings. The Naxi people attach more importance to fertility, in which the "head guest" etiquette is more unique: when the master's family has a baby born, the first accidentally into the family is called "head guest" also known as "pulling the birth". At this time, regardless of the person is men and women, young and old, near and far, nobles and beggars, should be received as a guest of honor. The host family should first scoop a scoop of clean cold water (happy water) please "head guest" to drink, as a blessing to the mother and child peace, health and happiness, and then the host and then boiled rice wine and eggs to treat the "head guest".
[edit]Wedding customs
Naxi men and women socializing mostly during the festival, young men and women know each other, through the matchmaker, the parents of the two sides together after the eight characters, the male side asked the matchmaker to give the female side of the tea two wedding small flowers on the female tube, sugar four or six boxes, two liters of rice, and in some places also added to the emery salt two to show that the alliance and sea vows, is considered to be engaged to be engaged to marry, engaged to be set up a wedding banquet, the wedding to 3-5 days, the wedding to 3-5 days, and then the host to cook rice wine eggs to treat the "head guest". Wedding to be carried out in 3-5 days, when the male and female sides have to organize banquets. Seat on the eight, the next eight, are kneeling by the groom to invite the guests to take their seats, and then play music on the dishes, on the third dish, the bridegroom toast; the fifth dish, the groom, the bride to the guests of the double cup of wine. After the banquet the host and relatives should stand outside the door to close the guests.
In part of the Naxi region, there still exists a "marriage" legacy. This is also a legacy of ancient marriage customs, reflecting the woman's patriarchal system from the husband's resistance. The wife wants to stick to the old tradition of living in the mother's home, the man will use the marriage to realize the wife to stay in the husband's home to live. In modern society, "marriage", is only a form, not really robbed, but a tacit agreement between men and women, in order to "rice has been ripe rice" to put off the woman's parents who have objections to the marriage.
[edit]Food customs
Naxi three meals a day. Breakfast generally eat steamed bread or water stewed poop, Chinese food and dinner is richer, generally have one or two kinds of fried vegetables and salted vegetables, soup, etc., especially like to eat Hui beef soup pot and dry bar. Regardless of the plains or mountainous areas, more varieties of vegetables, should be marketed in all seasons, mountainous areas, widely planted taro, cranberries and beans, and local specialties made into a variety of flavorful dishes. Such as: steamed wormwood duck, mother-of-pearl chicken, asparagus chicken and so on. One of the Naxi traditional dishes "stuffed matsutake" is a special dish with matsutake mushroom cap, stuffed into the meat, steamed for the rituals, especially ancestor worship.
Meat to pork-based, most of the pork are made into cured meat, especially Lijiang and Yongning's pipa pig is the most famous, can be preserved for several years to more than a decade without deterioration. Outdoor labor carries wheat flour poop or tsampa temple. They sit around the table when they eat, and in winter they like to move to a sunny place to eat.
Typical food include: Lijiang ham, hemp, snow lotus platter, Lichun copper hot pot.
[edit]Festivals
The main festivals of the Naxi ethnic group are the Spring Festival, the Qingming Festival, the Duanyang Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Torch Festival, the first month of the Farmers' Meeting, the March Dragon King's Temple Meeting, and the July Mule and Horse Festival, "July Mule and Horse Fair", and so on. The Spring Festival, Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are all roughly the same as those of the local Han Chinese, and the Sanduo Festival is the biggest traditional festival.
Chinese New Year customs
1, playing Wah Naxi Nu
Lijiang's New Year's Eve actually begins in the month of Lunar New Year. In Naxi language, there is a more graphic expression: "Taewa Naxinu". It means that when the month of Lunar New Year begins, the Naxi people will go crazy. Why do you say so? In fact, this crazy because of the purchase of new year's goods, Naxi people as crazy.
Once upon a time, as soon as we entered the month of Lunar New Year, the whole farmer's market was very busy. People like a tide of general influx in the market, it seems that everything is free. Now crazy than the original postponed a lot, just, a Lunar New Year's Eve, the kind of crazy scene will always appear. It seems that the whole country is going to go crazy shopping on New Year's Eve.
2, brush feints
Naxi people in the Spring Festival is approaching, almost five or six days is Dingguang twenty-four. Then they would go to the mountains and cut down a kind of evergreen tree, the ash tree. Then the whole family cleaned, and ash trees generally brush smoke and cobwebs of a kind. Its form mainly expresses, brush away the bad, brush away bad luck, clean up good health, get rid of the old and welcome the new, to welcome the Spring Festival.
3, Spring Festival
Once upon a time, the Naxi Spring Festival couplets are written in Dongba.
On New Year's Eve, just after lunch, the men of each family started to clean the doors, scrape away the old couplets and replace them with new ones. The women, of course, are cooking the New Year's dinner.
After the New Year's dinner, walk slowly through the old town of Lijiang and enjoy the freshly posted spring scrolls, which have a very elegant flavor. Although the vast majority of today's Spring Festival couplets are full of copper flavor, but occasionally come across a good one, it is even more rare.
Naxi people adhering to the Han cultural traditions, the Spring Festival couplets are extremely important, before they will not write must be asked to write a good calligrapher, in order to show the festivities.
4, water rice
In the Naxi people, regardless of the festival, or home made delicious, will be at the gate along the corner of the wall splash water rice. Water rice mainly go to a variety of dishes ding point, as the meaning, and then mixed into the tea, water, wine and other food, festival point incense, along the wall and splash. To express respect for the ancestors and the performance of the family.
5, New Year's dinner
New Year's dinner before the start, it is necessary to set up a full dish after setting up all the dishes, set up a few bowls of rice at the top of the table, usually three bowls, or according to the number of departed relatives set up, the rice should be very full. Then the whole family kowtows to that direction at one time, to show respect to the ancestors and nostalgia for the deceased and the meaning of family reunion. For the Naxi New Year's Eve, get up on New Year's Eve, the old man will warn the children, this day can not play or touch the iron objects or bamboo, because touching the iron or bamboo, then, in the New Year's Eve when eating rice, will eat the stomach to eat very iron solid (play iron objects) or empty nothing to eat (touch play bamboo). New Year's dinner on every Naxi people are so important, important to only eat in their own homes, married out of the daughter can not go back to her mother's home to eat. The New Year's dinner usually includes pork and rooster (which must be gelded). In Naxi, it is called "Bugu Pai Shi". In the past two years, life has gotten better, what we eat is not too important, the important thing is the atmosphere of family reunion.
New Year's dinner, began to wash feet, to take "the next year, everything is in a hurry," the meaning. It seems that our forefathers did not wash their feet every day, which is why the custom of washing feet on New Year's Eve is so important :).
After washing the feet, it's time to give the children in the family new year's money. The market has been on the rise in the past few years. Friends, other relatives in the Chinese New Year standby is it.
In my childhood memory, the bowl of oily pork head underneath the soaking oil edamame, really the world delicious ah.
6, the first day
The first day, that is, after New Year's Eve, the first day of 00:00 start, it is necessary to go to the ditch ponds or water sources, firecrackers, picking a quart of the new year's newest water, a new phenomenon, healthy and well. Then get up early and open the door completely, representing the new year's wealth. And the first day of the year represents a new beginning, on behalf of this year to happen, so men, women and children on the first day of the year will not do anything to live happy happy happy, symbolizing that this year will be happy happy, happy, and beautiful.
7, tomb sweeping
Naxi people pay great attention to etiquette, but also very respectful of ancestors. Tomb-sweeping is generally written, and the native language is to go to the grave to pay homage to the New Year. Naxi's New Year's Eve is to pay tribute to the eldest, the number of generations, no matter how close or far away. But the first to worship is the ancestors, is customary, but also respect. So generally the first two attributes are not mutually exclusive (Naxi tigers do not go to the grave), on the second, the attributes are mutually exclusive on the first day of the year in advance. Naxi Spring Festival has the custom of grave sweeping. The graveyard of each family is generally a beautiful place. So if you have the opportunity to go to the grave with Naxi friends, as a good game. In fact, the original is also so, Naxi people sweep the grave can not find the sadness of the atmosphere. The first or second day of the year is usually to go to the mountain.
9, Chunke
In fact, Chunke is a gift to the Naxi, because in the Naxi ethnic group as well as the New Year's Eve, and the New Year's Eve is to carry some of the soil products (few modern) to go to the clan than the clan more close to the generation of the clan's home to pay tribute to New Year's Eve. The older ones don't have to go back to pay respects, and then they invite back the younger ones in the form of Spring Festival guests. Naxi people have the habit of inviting each other during the Spring Festival, especially if there are newly married couples in the family - those who got married after last year's Spring Festival are counted - it is even more necessary to invite them. If the family is large enough, the newlyweds will suffer, and may have to rush to many dinners in one day during the Spring Festival. They also have to bring gifts of rice, sugar and so on. By the way, there are more guests invited, and if the family is big enough to invite a newlywed couple, there may be as many as three or five tables of guests. Another important person who is invited is a member of the clan who works overseas. You may have to wait in line to invite them, from the first day of the Lunar New Year to the second day of the Lunar New Year in your family, only until the day they have to leave. Luckily, the Chinese New Year holiday is long enough now.
10, firecrackers
This is consistent with the Han Chinese culture
11, the first month of the fifteenth stick will
The Spring Festival to the first month of the fifteenth to be considered the real end. In addition to eating Lantern Festival as in other places, the Naxi people have this day there is an important festival called "Bang Bang Festival", which was originally the sale of agricultural furniture, fruit trees, these things are still in the trade in the past few years, but the main character basically became flowers, especially orchids. The market is basically in the town of East Road, nearly a kilometer long, crowded. Those who love to join in the fun can do so as if they were fish. It's a very interesting festival.
12, crowd performance
The Spring Festival, Sifang Street will set up a high stage, there are a variety of performances. In the evening, including the Sifang Street, many small square places, or hotels and hotels will be in front of the national beat jump, these are tourists can participate in, because the dance steps are extremely simple, a learning will be, learning is not nothing, chaotic jumping is to play is the atmosphere, free of charge, oh.
13, the Dongba ceremony
This is the most important traditional Naxi culture in the sacrificial activities, the Naxi people are known as the "sacrifice of the nation". Nowadays, this kind of religious ceremony is not much, but the remote Naxi areas may still be carried out.
Hai Po will In Yunnan Yongning Naxi people live in the place, there is a mysterious and beautiful Lugu Lake, on both sides of the lake, lying on the banks of a majestic peak - Lion Peak. Lion Peak is a goddess in the Naxi myths and legends, named "dry wood". She is so beautiful that men from all over the world are attracted to her. However, she and Yongning Naxi people, no fixed husband, living a man does not marry, women do not marry the freedom of even life. Every year on the 25th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, the gods of the mountains to Yongning and dry wood goddess gathering entertainment, to receive blessings. Later, the Naxi people on the 25th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, are to gather in Lugu Lake circle, to participate in the annual sea slope, people sing and dance, enjoy entertainment, one is for the goddess of cheering, two is a grand ceremony to worship the goddess, praying for her blessing of peace and prosperity, animal husbandry. Young men and women also take advantage of this opportunity to knot each other "a note".
Three Duo Festival
Three Duo Festival is a traditional Naxi festival in Lijiang, Yunnan Province. It is held on the eighth day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar every year. According to legend, in ancient times, the Naxi ancestor Sanduo had subdued the demons here, and since then, on the eighth day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar every year, people gather in the Sanduo Temple to worship the protection god Sanduo. Offerings include whole pigs, whole goats, chickens and fish.
During the festival, Naxi men, women and children stepped on the spring flowers, young man on horseback, dial flag, pick up silver round horse racing activities, the winner, doubly favored by the girls. After dinner, people sitting around the campfire, singing and dancing Naxi girls jumped up the cheerful "A Li Li".
[edit]Dress
Lijiang Naxi men's clothing is the same as that of the local Han Chinese, with sheepskin shawls added to the Naxi dress in winter, and the ones in the Zhongdian area wear big-breasted long shirts, knee-high fat-legged pants, and sheepskin pockets at the waist, tied with leggings. Men in Nyingchi, Yongning, Yanyuan, and Muli areas wear short shirts and long pants, and men in the Nyingchi area also like to wear bracelets, and the elderly wear long shirts made of linen without collars, plus a green cloth kangshi, and a belt. In recent decades, more and more people have been wearing Tibetan clothes.
The dress of Naxi women varies from region to region. Naxi women in Lijiang wear knee-length, wide-waisted, large-sleeved coats, plus a kangshi, a pleated waist girdle, long pants, and a sheepskin shawl. Nyingchi Naxi women wear short shirts with long Lijiang Naxi women wearing the traditional "star and moon" dress with pleated skirts that reach the ground, draped in sheepskin, wrapped in green cloth turbans, and wearing earrings and bracelets made of gold, silver, jade, stone, and so on, and like to bundle "sheepskin belts" or "round waist belts". "belt". Sheepskin belt made of cotton, each about four and a half feet long, about two inches wide, must be used in pairs. The girth belt is so elaborate that it is only tied on festivals. It is a pair of cotton belts about three feet long and two inches wide, embroidered with patterns such as potted chrysanthemums and two dragons playing with pearls. Yongning Naxi women braid thick wigs with hair from yak tails, then wrap a large circle of blue and black silk threads around the outside of the wig and drape the threads back to the waist.
Every festival, the Naxi women have to put on the traditional national costume and drape their favorite dress --- seven stars shawl. This shawl is colorful and very beautiful. It is made of a whole piece of black sheepskin, the upper part of the sewing with 6 cm of black tweed edges, two shoulders with silk thread embroidered into the sun and moon pattern and a word arrangement of the "seven stars". People call this kind of shawl as "wearing stars and moon". It symbolizes the Naxi women wear the stars and the moon to work hard. The shawl is both decorative and practical. Naxi women labor, not accustomed to shoulder, mostly like to use the back pack, so the shawl can be used as shoulder pads. A thing of two uses.
[edit]Astronomy and Calendar
According to more than twenty volumes of the translated "Dongba Jing" records, there are dozens of ancient terms about the sky. Genesis" also appeared in the meteorology, stars and calendar of the special management of forbearance, Sutra, Nile, Ji A and other people's names; from the "Baghdad" and "the origin of the twelve zodiac signs" and other scriptures, the Naxi people have long been on the four sides of the quadrangle (similar to the Han's eight trigrams) have a clearer concept; determine the location of the twenty-eight hosts and the use of the yin and yang "fear of essence" (""). " (" five elements ") with the twelve Chinese zodiac projections of the method of sixty flowers and armor; created a moon set to the moon, thirty days a month, twelve months a year, * * * three hundred and sixty days of the calendar, and twelve phases of the genus to remember the day, remember the month and remember the year. Folk also from the sky and biological activity observation, feel out a set of wind, rain, flowers, snow, and cuckoo, ducks, geese, cranes and other activities of the law, to separate the characteristics of the season, not miss the agricultural time for agricultural activities.
[Edit Paragraph]Naxi Houses
Naxi houses are mostly made of earth and wood, and the more common forms are as follows: three houses and one wall, four and five patios, front and back yards, one and two yards, and several other forms. Among them, the Three Square and One Shining Wall is the most basic and common form of Naxi houses in Lijiang.
The so-called "three houses and a wall", that is, the main house is higher, the two sides of the house is slightly lower, plus a wall, it looks like the main and secondary, layout and coordination. In the structure, the general room a square three square a high wall, the direction of the south, facing the wall. Mainly for the elderly living; east and west compartments slightly lower, by the next generation living; patio for life, mostly paved with masonry, often landscaped with flowers and plants. If there is a house facing the street, residents will use it as a store. The function of the rural houses is slightly different from that of the towns. Generally speaking, all three houses have two floors, the main house facing east and the compartment facing south live downstairs and use the upper floor as a storehouse, while the one facing north is used as a stable downstairs and store forage upstairs. In addition to the patio for life, but also for production (such as sun grain or processing of grain), so the rural patio is slightly larger, smooth floor, not paved with masonry. The upper end of the deep and long "eaves", with a certain degree of curvature of the "face slope", to avoid the heavy dull, showing a soft and graceful curve. The wall is tilted inwards appropriately, which enhances the sense of stability of the whole building. Surrounding the wall, all not masonry to the top, the floor above the window sill installed "leaky window". In order to protect the boards from the rain, most of the eaves outreach, and in the exposed wall beams at both ends of the top of the skirt, locally known as the "wind and fire wall". In order to increase the beauty of the house, some also added railings, made into a corridor form. Finally, in order to weaken the "overhanging eaves board" of the sudden conversion and the monotonous atmosphere of the exposed columns and panels of the mountain wall, the clever application of the "fish" board approach, both the beams play a protective role, but also to enhance the artistic effect of the whole building. Through the main and auxiliary houses, walls, walls, eaves and "fish" decorative layout processing, so that the whole building height difference, vertical and horizontal echo, constituting a balanced and symmetrical and rich in changes in the landscape, showing the Naxi superb architectural level.
In addition, one of the most significant features of Naxi houses is that, regardless of the city and countryside, there are wide mansions (i.e. porches) in front of each house. The mansion is one of the most important components of Naxi dwellings in Lijiang, which is inseparable from the pleasant climate of Lijiang. As a result, the Naxi people have moved some of the room functions such as eating and meeting guests to the xiazi. In terms of building design, architectural style and art, the Naxi dwellings in Dayan Ancient City are the most distinctive. The ancient city is located in Lijiang Dam, the site is north of Elephant Mountain, Jinghong Mountain, west of Lion Mountain, east and west of the open and vast. Inside the city, from the Xiangshan Mountain foothills out of the jade spring water from the northwest of the ancient city turbulence to the Yulong Bridge, and thus divided into the West River, the Middle River, the East River three tributaries, and then divided into countless strands of tributaries flowing through the streets and alleys in the ancient city. The use of such favorable natural conditions, the ancient city streets are not bound by the grid of neat and free layout, the main street alongside the river, the alley near the canal, the road with the straight and curved extension of the aqueduct, the houses on the terrain of the combination of high and low. These houses in the street in the house has been opened for stores, or the owner of their own business some small goods, or sublet others to operate.