The Tibetans, one of the ancient members of China's multi-ethnic state, are distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces and districts, with their long history and culture. So do you know what its traditional festivals? Below by me to you to organize the traditional festivals of the Tibetan people related knowledge, I hope it can help you!
Traditional festivals of the Tibetan people
The mountain will
The mountain will be the traditional Tibetan festival, also known as the festival of Mu Buddha, honoring the mountain god. Popular in Ganzi, Aba Tibetan areas. Every year on the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar birth, there are nine dragons leaf water for its bath, so it is also known as Mu Buddha Festival. Every year on this day, Ganzi Tibetan area near and far the masses dressed in national costume, converge to the running horse on the mountain and folding more river. People first go to the temple to burn incense and pray, burn paper money. Then they turn to the mountain and offer sacrifices to the gods, praying for the blessing of the gods. After turning to the mountain, they set up tents for picnics and perform Tibetan opera. Singing folk songs, dancing potshang dance, string dance, riders also have horseback running and archery competitions. During this period, people also hold material exchange activities and other cultural and sports activities.
Pick flowers festival
Pick flowers festival is a traditional Tibetan festival in the area of Boyu, Nanping County. It is held on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar every year and lasts for two days. Legend has it that a long time ago, Boyu was a deserted mountain valley, and people made a living by collecting and hunting, and made clothes from leaves and animal skins. One day, from afar came a girl named Lianzhi, she is beautiful and kind, dexterous, taught the local people to open up land and planting and weaving and sewing, but also pick lilies for people to cure. One year, on the fifth day of May, Lianzhi went up the mountain to pick flowers and was swept down the cliff by the nickel wind and died. People were so sad that they went up the mountain to pick flowers on that day to honor her. Over time, the formation of the flower picking festival.
Yellow Tibetan New Year's Day
The Tibetans call New Year's Day "Losar". Tibetan calendar year in ancient times had to wheat ripe for the first year or wheat harvest for the first year, is in the summer and fall. According to records, before 100 BC, the Tibetans have their own calendar, which is based on the moon's cycle to project the day, month and year. In the 7th century A.D., two princesses of the Tang Dynasty, Wencheng and Jincheng, entered Tibet successively for marriage and alliance, bringing the calendar of the mainland. Since then, the ancient Tibetan calendar was combined with the Chinese and Indian calendars to form a unique calendar that combined the heavenly stems, the earthly branches and the five elements in the Yuan Dynasty. About the thirteenth century, the Sakya Dynasty of the Yuan Dynasty set the first day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar as the beginning of the new year, which has been inherited to this day. There are many Tibetan festivals, among which the Tibetan New Year is the grandest and most significant for the whole nation. The Tibetan New Year is equivalent to the Chinese Spring Festival and is the biggest festival of the year. From the middle of December of the Tibetan calendar, people prepare for the New Year by eating, wearing and using festival supplies. Thousands of farmers and herdsmen flock to Lhasa to buy all kinds of New Year's goods. This is the busiest season of the year in Lhasa. The Tibetan New Year begins on the 29th day of the 12th month of the Tibetan calendar. In the evening, families get together to eat "Gutu" (dough and meat porridge), which is a way of saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, and seeking peace and happiness. The family ate nine "Gutu" in the laughter, held torches, set off firecrackers, shouting "out", and walked to the crossroads to pray for good luck in the coming year. Tibetan New Year's Eve is a very busy day. On this day, in addition to cleaning the premises, personal hygiene, each family should be in a called "Zhu Su Qi Ma" wooden bucket filled with ghee mixed into the tsampa, fried wheat, ginseng fruit and other food, the top inserted barley cob and ghee flower color plate. Then the kima, "kasai" (fried fruit), barley wine, sheep's head, fruit, tea, ghee, salt and so on placed in the main hall above the Tibetan cabinet, in front of the door with tsampa or white powder painted on the auspicious eight charts, wishing for the New Year a bumper crop, people and animals two prosperous. The first day of the Tibetan calendar, is in the early hours of the morning in the auspicious "folding Ga" rap ushered in. Tibetans on the first day of the New Year will come to a "water grabbing contest", each household to come out of a young man to the river, wellhead or tap water "grab" the first water. According to Tibetan tradition, who grabbed the first bucket of water on the first day of the Tibetan calendar, is the "gold water", the second bucket of water is known as "silver water", heralding good luck, luck, wealth. When the sun rises, people dressed in the order of the eldest and youngest have eaten a few holiday food. At that time, the neighbors will go from door to door to end Kima, toast barley wine, chanting along the long-established "Zhaxi Dele Pinsong Tso", "Emma Pachuo Gongkangsang" and other represent good luck, health, happiness and harmony of the wishes. Thereafter, the whole family gathers behind closed doors. On the first day of the New Year, many Buddhist farmers and herdsmen also went to Lhasa's Showa Temple for pilgrimage, praying for a safe and healthy New Year. To the second day of the New Year, visiting friends and relatives activities to make the streets and alleys lively, but also became the people show the New Year's fashion moment, everywhere is "Losa (New Year) Zaxi Dele!" The sound of blessings is heard everywhere. The first three days of the New Year's activities are religious, cultural and sports content is given priority to, turn the road, the roof is filled with thick smoke, young people in the roof and the top of the mountain colorful streamers, in order to pray for blessings and avoid disasters, and the majority of farmers and herdsmen will also be held in the new horse saddle ceremony, horse racing, tug-of-war, throwing, and other colorful entertainment activities. The Tibetan New Year celebrations will continue until the 15th day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar.
Tibetan New Year
Because in the first month of the Tibetan calendar, after Tibet (Tibet's main food-producing areas, refers to the Rikaze area) farmers will start spring plowing, so the Tibetan ancestors around the back of the Tibetan calendar a long time ago to the annual Tibetan calendar on December 1 as the Tibetan New Year. The custom of celebrating the Tibetan Lunar New Year is generally confined to the area around Shigatse, Tibet, which includes Nimu County in Lhasa, Tibet, while most of Tibet celebrates the New Year on January 1 of each year in the Tibetan calendar. Tibetan festivals are numerous in nature, and the Lunar New Year on the Tibetan calendar is the most solemn and nationally significant festival in the area of Houzang. Starting from the middle of November in the Tibetan calendar, people start to prepare the festive articles for food, clothing and use in the New Year. Although the real Lunar New Year falls on December 1 of the Tibetan calendar, the festivities begin on November 29 of the Tibetan calendar. Starting from the "Gutu" family reunion in the evening of this day, a series of joyful activities for the Tibetan Lunar New Year officially begin. The celebration of the Tibetan New Year is basically the same as the activities of the Tibetan New Year in other parts of Tibet, and its joyful activities will continue until the fifteenth day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar.
Saga Dawa Festival
April 15 is the Tibetan Saga Dawa Festival. There are two ways of talking about it: one says that it commemorates the day when Shakyamuni became a Buddhist monk; the other says that it commemorates the day when Princess Wencheng arrived in Lhasa. This day all over Tibet to hold religious commemorative activities. In Yunnan, some Tibetan people have to go to the Dharma Mountain in Weixi County pilgrimage, there is a "turn Ge La" (around the mountain) ceremony.
Daughter's Day
Tibetan people in Wenshan County, Gansu, every year on the fourth and fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, is their "Daughter's Day". During the festival, the girls accompanied by their brothers, dressed in colorful costumes, with delicious delicacies, up the mountain tea singing, and young men toasting each other, praying for good luck.
Hope Fruit Festival
"Hope Fruit Festival" (meaning the turn of the field) is one of the traditional Tibetan festivals. The festival period for one to three days ranging. Every year in July, the grain harvest in sight, Tibetans will carry the scroll around the field, wishing a good harvest. At the same time held horse racing, archery, cultural performances and other activities. Actors in the Potala Palace Square to perform Tibetan opera to celebrate the Snowdon Festival.
Snowdon Festival
Snowdon Festival is a traditional Tibetan festival, originated in the middle of the 11th century AD. It is held every year on the first day of the seventh month of the Tibetan calendar and lasts for four or five days. Xuedong Tibetan transliteration, meaning "yogurt feast", so Xuedong Festival is interpreted as drinking yogurt festival. Later gradually evolved to perform Tibetan opera-based, also known as the "Tibetan Opera Festival". At that time, the Lhasa city near the residents dressed in brightly colored festival costumes, help the old and young, drink and talk, singing and dancing, watching Tibetan opera, enjoy the joy of the festival. In the afternoon, families began to string curtains as guests. The host to the guests line toast three dry a cup of "pine quasi-nepta" (wine ceremony), singing a variety of different tunes to persuade the song. After the song, the guest will drink the wine in three gulps. The sound of toasts, blessings and laughter lasted for a long time. When the evening sun dyed the sky, people only step in the twilight to leave Lopblingka. According to Buddhist regulations, monastic bhikkhus are forbidden to go out for a period of time. In summer, at the end of the Tibetan calendar in June, bhikkhus leave the temple and go down the mountain, and the secular people give alms with yogurt seeds. At that time purely religious activities. In the middle of the 17th century, the Qing dynasty formally enthroned the fifth ___ and the fourth Banchen, Tibet around the famous Tibetan opera groups focused on Lhasa for the Snow Festival, Snow Festival activities evolved into a Tibetan opera repertoire, religious and recreational activities combined with an important festival, so it is also known as the "Tibetan Opera Festival" because of its scope is confined to inside and outside of the temple, and to the Drepung Monastery For its scope is limited to inside and outside the temple, and to the drepung monastery as the center, it is called "drepung sherdon festival". 18th century, the sherdon festival activity center from the drepung monastery to transfer to the lopblingka, allowing the public to enter the garden to watch the Tibetan opera. After the democratic reform of Tibet, Snowdon Festival has become the people's own festival. During the festival, there are activities such as Drepung sunshine Buddha, Tibetan opera performances, and strolling around Loblollywood. Every year on June 30th of the Tibetan calendar, Drepung Monastery in the western suburbs of Lhasa City, held a grand "show Buddha" activities, so that more believers have the opportunity to worship Buddha, the local government does not interfere with such Buddhist activities. During the festival, the Lopblingka, a sea of people, forests and trees everywhere are tents, mats, Tibetan people gathered here to drink barley wine, ghee tea, eating yogurt, and watch Tibetan opera and enjoy a variety of cultural and artistic programs. In 1993, the Lhasa Municipal People's Government decided, from 1993 onwards, held once a year Lhasa Snow Festival, and at the same time held the Lhasa Snow Festival materials fair. 1993 August 16, the first "snow fair" opening. Now the Snow Festival has developed into a blend of cultural performances, economic and trade negotiations, investment, material exchanges, product exhibitions and sales, sports, tourism and leisure as one of the comprehensive festival event. In 2004, the Lhasa Municipal People's Government decided, in order to solve the traditional Snowdon Festival to the Tibetan calendar, the annual calendar date is not consistent, to domestic and foreign tourists causing inconvenience, from 2004 onwards, in addition to the Drepung Monastery exhibition of Buddha's activities are still in accordance with the traditional Tibetan calendar on June 30th, outside, sponsored by the municipal government of Snowdon Festival is fixed to the opening of the calendar on August 18th each year.
Bai Lai Ri chasing festival
Tibetan calendar October 15 is the annual Tibetan traditional festival — — Bai Lai Ri chasing, that is, "auspicious mother of the day". About the origin of this festival, Tibetan folk there is a vivid legend: the Great Zhao Temple of the guardian goddess mother Ma Suo Jiem has three daughters, youngest daughter Baila Xiem, the second daughter Dongzan Jiem, the eldest daughter Baila Zam. Because they do not obey, the mother will promise a spell, may the eldest daughter of a lifetime without a husband, even if there can only see once a year. Spell wishes realized, white pull Zam lover living in Lhasa River, south bank of the red servant Zongzan, only in the Tibetan calendar October 15 every year to meet once. In order to celebrate the "mother of heaven festival", women in this day deliberately dress up, to the white la zam mother of heaven statue before burning incense prayers. Tibet since ancient times, no matter rich or poor to the younger generation, monks, children, the custom of alms, children in this day is the most happy, early in the morning to parents to "white to day chase" holiday pocket money. Starting from the Tibetan calendar October 14 evening, pilgrimage to worship the White Lazar believers in an endless stream, many good men and women have to the mother of God dedicated to the hatha, the Showa Monastery of the whole temple monks held a grand routine annual festival and will be offered to the Mandala of the timing of the festival, and will be the White Lazar of the mother of God face to face on the south bank of the Lhasa River in the red pouncing ground, and red pouncing on the ground is also the Zongzhan's statue face to face the north, said that the two sides of the meaning of meeting face to face.
The Origin of the Tibetan People
The Tibetan people, one of the ancient members of China's multi-ethnic state, are distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces and districts, and have their long history and culture. In the Tibetan region, many cultural sites of various historical stages have been discovered and excavated, including the Old and New Stone Age and the Copper and Stone Wells period. 1979 saw the archaeological excavation of the Karo site in Chamdo, Tibet, which is 4,000 or 5,000 years old, and the discovery and excavation of a number of other ancient cultural sites in such areas as Nyalam, Tingri, Shenzha, Linzhi, and Mutuo. This indicates that human beings flourished in Tibet 7,000 to 20,000 years ago. In Qinghai, Gansu and other areas, the remains found belong to the late Neolithic period of new stone tools and colored pottery culture. Aba Prefecture, the territory of the ancient human life has been found inhabited by the settlement of cultural heritage sites there are 19, some of which belong to the Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty cultural heritage sites, and some of the willingness to the Tang and Song dynasties of cultural remains; ancient tombs, there are sarcophagus burials, brick tombs, stone tombs, house foundation, large stone tombs, pagodas, and other forms of cultural remains. Ancient historical materials contained in the "stone for the room, up to more than ten feet high" of the "towers" building, can still be seen
Jiajiazhong in the state of Jinchuan, Xiaojin, Malcolm, Li County, Heishui and Wenchuan part of the region, as well as Ganzi, Ya'an, Liangshan Prefecture, etc., living in Tibetan-speaking dialects, the Tibetan language is the most important part of the state, but also the most important part of the state. In the area, living in the Tibetan dialect Jiajung language, and to agricultural production of Tibetan people, for the Jiajung Tibetans, Tibetans in the region called this area of Tibetans for the "velvet bar" (agricultural area people). "Jiazong" a name due to the Kamo Murdoch sacred mountain and the name, meaning Murdoch sacred mountain around the region.
According to Chinese historical records, the ancient habitat, activities in the southeastern region of the state area along the valley, called "Jialiang Yi (Jialiang)", "white dog Qiang", "Gao neighboring people! ", "Gogi people" and other tribes, for the indigenous ancestors of this area. In the Tang Dynasty, after integrating with the Tubo immigrants and the garrison, they became the Tibetan people. Jiajun area before the liberation of the local land officials often say that their ancestors from Tibet, Wenchuan County territory of the Washi Tusi, Jinchuan County territory of the Chosi A Tusi, Ya'an area of Baoxing County territory of the Muping Tusi, etc. have origins in Tibet genealogical records. Miscellaneous Valley Tuji, Soma Tuji ancestor is the Tang Dynasty Tubo general Sydan Mou.
"Ando political and religious history" contains: "most of the human race in the north and south of Duo Mai is the Tubo Dharma King (according to: refers to the Songtsen Gampo) placed in the Tang-Fan border garrison of the heirloom, … …". In the 5th —6th century, JiaZhong area people and households are very few, for the Tsouba chiefs cut off the dominant period. 7 century, the early leaves, the Tubo zanpu SongZhanGanBu unified Tubo, JiaZhong area is also united in Tubo, the zanpu's generals to fill the JiaZhong all over the chiefs. JiaZhong area in the "Amdo political and religious history" book and speak Tibetan Amdo dialect Tibetans called ‘Chako". The reason is: "in history, the tufan zangpu had sent minister kopan to come to jia lian area as the chief and military general, his official residence in the north of songgang, the tufan royal family in the bulls and official documents called him ‘jia mu chawazhong kopan ’ or ‘chawazhong kopan ’; abbreviated as ‘chawazhong kopan ’, ‘chawazhong kopan ’, ‘chawazhong kopan ’. amp;lsquo;Chako"’. Kopan is one of the four great families of Tibet from the Za clan recruited a large number of soldiers in command, in charge of the Tang Dynasty Tubo's "eight countries in the Western Mountains".
Anciently known as "Jialiang Yi", "white dog Qiang", "Gao neighbor", "Gogi people" and so on. "and other" qiang, clan, razor "tribes, in fact," are scattered in the mountains and rivers "of the indigenous inhabitants. In tufan ninth generation zanpu bude gongjia period, that is, about the east han shun emperor period (126 years), tufan region of the primitive religion ——benbo religion, by tufan into the state, and gradually rise up, tufan culture of the introduction and on the jiajung Tibetan ancient ancestors of the influence of the east han, buddhism is as late as in the 8th century tufan dynasty chi song dzang period only in state Inside the development, due to the long-term influence of the religious culture as the center of the Tubo culture, Buddhism (the early is the Benpo religion) gradually become the faith of the whole people of the above tribes, coupled with a large number of immigrants and the military occupation and rule of the Tubo, after more than 1,000 years of integration, assimilation, and the Tubo's long-term interaction with each other, so as to form today's united Gyaltsen Tibetans.