Kwong Ancestral Hall General Couplet〖Kwong Ancestral Hall Four-character General Couplet〗
Origin of the same lineage;
Derived from three clans.
--Anonymous writer Lei, Fang, Kwong three ancestral hall "trace the hall" general couplet
The whole couplet refers to the Kwong's first, from the Fang family name, the Fang family name from the Lei family name, Lei, Fang, Kwong three surnames out of a source, the root of the same branch points. Built in Kaiping City, Shui Kou Town, Zhongshan East Road, the traceability of the family school of this door, affirmed the Lei, Fang, Kwong three surnames with the root of the branch points, the same source of the relationship between the stream. Three surnames traced back from Shennong's (i.e., Emperor Yan Di) is the ancient times Jiang clan leader, living in the area of Qishan, Shaanxi, after the development of the Central Plains around the area, take the Mangshui's birth son Lin, Lin was born emperor Cheng, emperor Cheng was born emperor Ming, emperor Ming was born emperor Yi, emperor Yi was born emperor to the emperor to the emperor to come to the emperor to the emperor to come to the emperor to the emperor, emperor Li was born emperor Yuhuai, emperor Yuhuai was born Lei (Lei's ancestor). Lei, phase of the Yellow Emperor's merits, sealed in the Fangshan (now northwest of Yuzhou City, Henan Province), so the land for the family name to take the Fang Clan, the Fang Clan began here, extended to Fang Vast, the founder of the Fang Clan in the south of the Yangtze River. Fang Vast, who lived in Henan Guangzhou Gushi County, Wang Mang's rebellion moved his family to Jiangzuo, for the Jiangnan Fang ancestor.
Ancestral Ancestral Halls in Seven Characters
Haixuedang, the minister of the legacy, died in honor of his duty;
Tumu Fort, the military department, was martyred in honor of his loyalty.
--Anonymous Composer Kuang Ancestral Hall General Couplet
The above couplet refers to Kuang Lu, a native of Nanhai in the late Ming Dynasty, whose character Zhanruo was good at poetry and calligraphy, and who was generous and conceited, and who traveled in the western part of Guangdong Province and Wuyue. After Li Zicheng's destruction of Ming Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong and other people established the Tang Dynasty King Zhu Yujian as the Emperor in Fuzhou, and called Kuang Lu as the Minister of the Central Library. When Emperor Yongli returned to Guangzhou on an envoy, he committed suicide in the Haixue Hall where he lived when the Qing soldiers broke through the city. The next couplet alludes to the Ming Dynasty Yizhang people Kuang埜(同 "野")，字孟质，永乐年间進士，官至兵部右侍郎. During the reign of Emperor Zhengtong, the Mongol Warat also first south, eunuch Wang Zhen strongly encouraged Emperor Yingzong to rate troops to conquer, Kuang Ant Ant prevented, but was not adopted. To Tumu Fortress, Emperor Yingzong was captured, killed in battle.
San Zhong Tang San Zhong Kuang Kwong's standard copper five genealogy diagnosis Gui Spectrum Syllabus (through the preface)
Yu Gai viewed in the old spectrum, down to the depth of the dimension, and said: beauty, Binbin Huo more than carry on. The spectrum to Ming Shi also. Hundreds of generations above can be old, old. Hundred generations can be young, young. A world can be long, long. Long can view brother carry on, young young can view ci carry on, old old can view filial piety carry on, three beauty is ready, not magnesium huoya. Three Zhongkang Kuang portal A other families. Its first river difficult Dengzhou white water, to martial arts feudal lords, lost the border, the two sons of easy name to escape the name, Kuang for the left house, Kwong for the right house, the second banishment sentenced to the state of Jizhou, and then live in Ao City. The 10th Yurong, migrated to live in Gaozhou. Since the eleventh following, the children's name is very prosperous, the name of the three Zhong, traces of nine women. Such as Anfu of Cangzhou, Dongshanxia water Zhu Village, Peng Fang Lu Ling of Aocheng, social back, the old river, Yongxin Xin Xin Tian, Shangxiang, Jishui Village, Yongfeng listed, Taihexia Village, as far as the province of Jiang has Jinxian. Hubei and Hunan have Linwu, Yizhang, Hengshan, Youxian, Guangdong has the South China Sea, Lianzhou, Daning, the pie for the relocation, the generation has been known, successively, such as the chastity of the loyal and martyrdom, the longevity of the industry, Foridu Sheng, the article of the book, shining ancient and modern, fleetly more than a Shi of the obvious carry on, its source is far away, and its flow is long, the unity of the view of one of the principal, scattered and view of one of the gas also. Since a world and eleven and a hundred times, a gas also, dare not respect. Since a Kun Di, and from Kun Di if the lungs, a body, dare not love. Therefore, its respect, there must be geng Qianlou of filial piety, Wang detailed of the respect, Wang Weiyuan of thought, Wan Shi Jun of alcohol. Its love, there must be Zhu Shouchang's thinking of relatives, Mu Rong's Duk Mutual, Yang broadcast, Xue Bao's righteousness to let it, this is called the real harmony of the family, non-migratory to say empty has also been. The book said: Keming Junde, in order to pro nine tribes, said that harmony must start from the beginning of the Mingde, cultivate the body and the family of the chemical, do not take my words as a pedant, is the order of the copper jack inscription, in order to垂不磨云.
Wanli eleven years, Kwai Wei mid-winter hope
Ting test the first A jinshi, the first Hanlin history, Mingyu Zhu Guozhuo wrote
Kuang's broadcast: the footprints of the Hakka ancestors! Kwong's, is one of the rare surnames in the Chinese Han nationality. Kwong's population is small, but she is a typical example of the Hakka family. Examining the rise and migration history of the Kwong family, so that we can clearly see the trajectory of the formation of the Hakka folk and its cultural heritage.
A
Kwong is an ancient surname, Luo Yu, "Road History" Volume 30, "National Name Chronicle - Miscellaneous States": "Kwong, the ancient country, there is Kwong." "Surname Court": "Kwong's, Guangdong Nanhai, Gaozhou more of this family." According to Shaanxi Han Yin found in Qianlong twenty-six years, "Kwong genealogy" records, Kwong and Kuang, the two out of the same clan, its ancestor's surname Huang, is Bur Yi's descendants. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there is Hanyang Hou Huang Xuan, married to Liang Hou Deng Yu's granddaughter, gave birth to a son Huang Xian, home in Henan Nanyang Dengzhou white water village. To Tang Shenlong (705 ~ 707 years), Huang Xuan grandson of Huang Dan, Huang Chen brothers to avoid disaster to change their surnames, Huang Dan said Kuang (Kuang), Huang Chen said Kuang (Kuang), all hidden "yellow" in which the word. Later, Kuang's from Nanyang migrated to Chenliu East Village, Kwong's migrated to Jiangxi Jizhou.
Hanyin "Kwong's genealogy" within the "Ao City Kwong's genealogy preface" said: "Since the first public by the emperor of the Kaiyuan raised a bachelor's degree, extra horse harnessed by the side of a team, the sealing of the Marquis of Anping. Because of the words whisk on, Tianbao B Wei banished Jizhou long history. An Lushan soldiers moved, transferred to Ao City, Ao City Senate Reinforcement Envoy, the home of Dongmeng Mountain, so Ao City people."
Since then, Kwong's Aocheng, Jizhou, as the center, constantly migrating to the surrounding areas. Hanin "Kwong's genealogy - Ao City Kwong's genealogy preface" also said: "Passed to the Song, the children and grandchildren increasingly reproduction. One lives in Luling, one lives in Yongxin, one lives in Taihe, one lives in Yongning, one lives in Nanhai, one lives in Linwu, Yizhang, one lives in Baoqing, Wugang, one lives in Hengzhou, Youxian, one lives in Suining in Shu, one lives in Lianzhou in Eastern Guangdong, one lives in Luocheng in Western Guangdong, and successively, with the A-di show that hairpins and dickeys look at each other in a depressed manner." Such as Anfu, Cangzhou, Dongshan, Xiashui, Zhucun, Pengfang, Yongxin's Xintian Shangxiang, Jishui Village, Yongfeng Listing, Taihexia Village, and Jinxian County, east of Nanchang, are all home to the descendants of the Kwong Clan. Ming Wanli years, the Ministry of Rites, Acting Shangshu Zhu Guozhuo in the "three loyal Church Kwong, Kuang's standard copper five clan Zhengui genealogy narrative," said: "Pai for the relocation of the generation has been known. After the first look forward to each other, such as the chastity of the loyal and chaste, the longevity of the industry, Forbidden Sheng, the article of the outstanding, shining through the ages.
Kuang's Jiangxi Jizhou (now Ji'an) for the county, No. "Luling Hall", but also because of Kwong, Kuang from the Huang's, Huang, Kwong, Kuang with a family, and Kwong, Kuang ancestor for the country and easy to name, so it is also known as the "Three Chung Hall".
Two
The end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of war, resulting in a great migration of displaced persons. The far-flung immigrants from the Central Plains had reached places such as Shaozhou, Huizhou and Jiayingzhou in Guangdong Province, while most of them moved to various places in Tingzhou and eastern Ganzhou in Fujian Province.
Because of the expanding population and war, Jizhou Kwong also with the tide of immigrants from Jiangxi Aocheng to the south, recorded more famous two branches: the 10th Yurong Gong far away from Gaozhou, Guangdong; young father of the Gong moved to the Hunan-Guangdong border of Hunan Linwu of the Shoutang. These two branches later became prominent families, laying the foundation for the Hakka Kwong clan to migrate again.
Linwu County is located in the southernmost part of Hunan Province, at the northern foot of the eastern section of the Nanling Mountains. According to "Linwu County" records: "Tang Qianfu four years, moved into three households 12 mouth. Song, Jiangxi Hakim more than 130 surnames moved into Linwu in large numbers." Huang, Zhou, Chen, Kwong, Li, Liu and other surnames were moved from Jiangxi in the Song Dynasty.
Today's Linwu Kuangjia Village is a large village with a population of more than 5,000 people, Kuang's in Linwu is a large family name. Kuang Yufu from Jiangxi Aocheng moved to Linwu Shoutang, the time must be in the Song Renzong Tian Sheng years (1023 ~ 1032). In Linwu, Kwong's descendants of melons and gourds, reproduction, had to further migrate to various places. Such as: Hunan Baoqing, Hengzhou, Yizhang, Wugang, Youxian, Sichuan Suining, Guangdong Nanhai, Lianzhou, Fujian Taining, Guangxi Luocheng, etc., are all the descendants of Jizhou Kwong.
Langtou Village, Liyuan County, Guangdong Kwong, is also a descendant of the young father Gong, the founding ancestor of Kwong Falin.
The end of the Song Dynasty, the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Phalen Gong with his son Kwong Kwon Kwon trade in Guangdong, "all the mountains and waters of Guangdong, to the Milk Source on the Jili, the yin and yang, watching its springs, see the mountains and beautiful water, a vein of dragon gas winding from the beautiful, but also heard of the name of this place in the old Longpu, so he and the son of the right to decide to settle in this place and take the name of Langtou Village. Since Kwong Falin settled with his family in Langtou, Kwong's population increased greatly. Phalen had two sons: the first Kwon, the second Yong. To the third generation, has formed a deep, Chun, Qing, Hai, Cheng, TOUCH "waterfront six houses". To the fourth generation of the "Wen" school, only Kwong Kwon, that is, divided into seven large doors; and Kwong Wing, a more intricate branch, a huge branch. The end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, part of the clan also moved overseas.
Three
The late Ming and early Qing dynasties, a historically rare natural and man-made disasters in Sichuan and southern Shaanxi (especially in the Qinba mountainous area) socio-economic devastation. The Qing dynasty was established at the beginning, that vigorously implement the "shifting cultivation" policy, recruiting exiles from all over the world, into the mountains to reclaim the land on the food. Milk source wave head Kuang's Chun Gong branch under Zhen Gong, three sons: Shisong, Shixiang, Shicai. At the beginning of the Qing dynasty, "Hubei and Sichuan", Kangxi fifty-six years (1717), Kwong Shicai with his wife Shen, son Dai Rong, as well as his eldest brother, second brother's son and nephew and cousin Kwong Shichang, from the lactic source of the village of Langtou transfer, far away from Liangshan County, Sichuan.
Kwong's family in Liangshan life after 11 years, Kwong Shicai deep sense of this place is not the establishment of reproduction, was with his family in the Yongzheng six years (1728) migrated to Shaanxi Province, Xing'an Province, Hanyin Hall, East Road, Puxi store. Mr. Shicai "saw that this place was surrounded by high mountains and surrounded by the south of the river; to the south of the Moon River, it was open and spacious, with hundreds of miles of springs and pei land. He said: this is the so-called Hanzhong six hundred miles of land in Chu, the history of the Western Sichuan fertile thousands of miles also", and Hanin is particularly fertile, so he settled here. The more two years, the Shicai Gong to Liangshan, moved to the long nephew (Shisong Gong's son) Daitong, Daixiu, the second sister-in-law (Shixiang Gong's wife) Lin's and his son Daihuang, Dai Lie, Dai Lun, Dai Chong; and then back to the village of lactic acid County Langtou to move the brother and sister-in-law.
Kuang Shicai's eldest brother Shisong due to old age and illness to stay in Lanyuan Langtou, died two years later; the second brother Shixiang early in the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi on the way to the west, his sister-in-law Deng, along with his grandson Chao'an, Chao Shun with the Shicai Gong moved into the Puxi store in the county of hanyin. By the way, the milk source kwong settled in hanyin county puxi store flourished, decades, kwong's population grew rapidly, and gradually developed into puxi store clan, known as kwong's three gates.
Kuang Shicai for the Kwong family moved far away from Sichuan and Shaanxi, the development of the Qinba mountainous area has made a monumental contribution. Qianlong four years, Kuang Shicai 53 years old birthday, Hanin County Zhang Yingmei personally visited Kuang's Manor to wish him a happy birthday, and presented a plaque "to the eyebrow life". Kwong Shicai's son, Kwong Dairong, word Dongsheng, Qianlong eight years in the examination, in the Hewan Kwong's Manor outside the gate, had built a wooden pagoda and flagpole. Kwong's reproduction in hanyin is very prosperous, now kwong's family descendants have thousands of people, distributed in hanyin, hanbin, ziyang three counties and districts in ankang city, puxi, jianchi, small street, phoenix pavilion, chengguan, guanyinhe, shenba, yeping, plum store, artemis ping and other places.
Four
Kuang's children and grandchildren have been migrating for thousands of years, but they have always maintained the Hakka culture.
Kuang Shicai rate of sons and nephews settled in hanyin 30 years later, in puxi store wangjiaba (now puxi township xiajie township four village), slate ditch (now puxi township xiajie township vanguard village four groups), the river bay (today's puxi township three weir village two groups), built three manor houses. Manor in accordance with the southern architectural pattern, well-shaped, earth walls and green tiles, the main house plus the left and right side of the building, facing the gate, each with 12 tile houses, later called "old house". Afterwards, in the south bank of the Moon River in the mouth of the slate ditch (now the first group of Pioneer Village) built the Kwong's Ancestral Hall. The descendants of the Kwong family took the three old houses as the core and built a number of successive mansions around them.
Kuang's family attaches great importance to honoring ancestors and family culture. Legend has it that the Kwong's respect for the "king of the" three brothers, because in the Queen Mother Peach Fair and ranked in the class of immortals, generations have three wooden statues and bamboo sedan chair a rotating worship, every year in the Spring Festival, Kwong's family to hold a grand gathering. On New Year's Eve, the three main doors of the whole clan men, women and children in the door under the leadership of the head of the clan, banging gongs and drums, fire cannons and firecrackers, high dance bamboo dragons to the ancestral shrine to the "king" kneeling to ask for peace. The highly respected members of the clan carry the "King Chao" to the square in front of the ancestral hall, where the whole clan sizes sit around in groups and kneel down to offer incense in turn. On the occasion of incineration of paper money, three dragon lamps dance, drums Beijing Panoramic Vision Network Technology Co. At the same time, they will again pay incense to the "Chao Wang", predict the coming year's agricultural harvest, business profits and losses, human and animal safety and other matters, and continue to bustle until dawn, the whole clan rest in the ancestral hall, the United States and the friendship. On the third day of the first month, the chief of the clan arranges for the year's agricultural and industrial and commercial trade matters, and the clan's academic success in the commendation, tuition fees, and then return home.
Chingming ancestor worship is another major activity of the Kwong family. In addition to the ancestral hall, the clan has a public field, field rent by the head of the clan in charge, for the clan assembly expenses. Ching Ming Festival every year, the Kwong family by the patriarch presided over the Ching Ming will be, and the preparation of food and wine, the whole family size are to ancestral worship, show reading genealogy, recognize the ancestors, according to the generation of the peace, commonly known as "eat Ching Ming will be". Ancestor worship has a fixed procedure, in addition to firecrackers, incineration of incense and candles, bowing to the rituals, but also to the ancestors burn paper money, called "burning packets". Burning package is the Hakka *** with the custom, that is, to each ancestor of the paper money to be sealed package, written on the top of the ancestor's title and name, in order to check the receipt in the hell; Ching Ming will be, at the same time, but also do not abide by the laws of the country, family rules, unfaithful and ungrateful descendants of the chastisement, in order to warn the others.
According to the survey, today almost no one in the Kwong family knows that they are Hakka people, some of the elderly have a certain understanding of their origins, and some of them still treasure the genealogy that has been passed from one generation to the next. But the younger generation of the source of ancestry are very vague understanding of the Hakka migration history is even more ignorant. Before the 1960s, the Hakka dialect of the Kwong family with a strong Hunan accent was still popular, probably because the living environment and transportation, communication and other relatively closed, most of the surrounding residents are also immigrants from Hunan and Guangdong, people's communication is generally mixed with the Hakka language of Hunan and Guangdong. Later, with the gradual development of transportation, communication, crowd communication more and more frequently, most of the Kwong clan has completely abandoned the Hakka dialect and use the local popular official language (flat accent); coupled with the clansmen for the military, higher education, recruiting, and after the 1990s a large number of outflow of workers, the official language of the large area of the melting of the Mandarin language, especially the rapid promotion of Mandarin, many of the Kwong clan are both official language and Mandarin, gradually alienate the Hakka language, and gradually alienate the Hakka language. The Hakka dialect has been gradually alienated, and even many clansmen can't and don't want to speak Hakka dialect anymore.