Jiangling Bamboo Branch Poems
Yuan Hongdao
(1)
The mouth of the Longzhou River is empty, and the daughter of Longzhou is carrying a giant cockroach.
Are you surprised by Ben Tao’s splashing face? Look at my boat catching the eight-foot wind.
(2)
Meeting on the road is like Chu Yao, lt;lt;Liangzhougt;gt;A song is written about Wu Xiao.
The (Kuniao) string plucks the moon across the West Lake, and even sings to Banqiao.
(3)
Jia Ke was disappointed when he met, and the stalks of Nanqi went down to Xichuan.
There are tigers everywhere in the blue sky, and women accompany men to pay taxes.
(4)
The mountain tea in the snow is secondly red, and the white-headed merchant woman cries in the spring breeze.
Ever since the Diaohu became rampant, every ten miles of money and nine rooms were empty.
(Original note: In the 24th year of Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty, the mining tax was paid out. The Yandian tax in Shashi was particularly fierce.)
The origin of Zhuzhi Ci
Yuefu in the Tang Dynasty Song title. Also known as bamboo branches and bamboo branches. Folk songs in Bayu (today's eastern Sichuan) area. Cui Lingqin's "Jiaofang Ji·Tune Name" already contains "Bamboo Branches", which was adopted into Jiaofang during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. In the early mid-Tang Dynasty
The poet Gu Kuang had already written "Zhuzhi Ci". During the Mu Zong Dynasty of the Tang Dynasty, when Liu Yuxi was the governor of Kuizhou, he wrote 11 new lyrics based on folk songs, praising the natural scenery, people's customs, and love affairs between men and women in Bashan. The mood is depressing
and the language is simple and beautiful. Each poem has seven characters and four sentences, which are similar in shape to the seven unique ones. Before "Nine Poems on Bamboo Branches", there is a "Yin" that says: "Songs from all directions have different sounds but the same music. Sui. In the first month of the lunar month, I came to Jianping (now Wushan County, Sichuan) to sing the children's couplet "Bamboo Branches", play the piccolo and beat the drums for the festival, and the singers danced with music.
Most of them are virtuous. Listening to the sound, the feathers of Huang Zhong are as exciting as the sound of Wu.
Although they are inseparable, they have the beautiful sounds of Qi and Ao. When Qu Yuan lived in Yuan and Hunan, his people welcomed the gods, and his poems were mostly vulgar, so he composed "Nine Songs". To this day, Jing Chu encouraged him to write it. The nine chapters of "Bamboo Branches" are for those who are good at singing. They are appended to the end. Later, when you listen to them, you will know how to change the wind. "Bai Juyi also wrote "Bamboo Branches" at that time. 》. Later, there were many authors, most of whom wrote about human feelings, customs, and folk songs.
The lyrics of "Zhuzhi Ci" in the Tang Dynasty are not very rigid and can be sung. Later,
was used as a word card. Dongshizhu commanded the arrow λWhat? Dan? Huang? Pride, Song, and Cunning all hope? brgt; It is two sentences with two oblique rhymes, both monotonous 14 characters; Sun Guangxian is one, monotonous 28 characters, four sentences and three flat sentences.
Rhyme, note goes: "Liu and Bai's "Zhuzhi Ci" all have seven-character quatrains in an awkward style.
This is the only one that is graceful and humorous." Each sentence in the three-timing style uses "Zhu<" after the fourth and seventh characters respectively. /p>
Zhi" and "daughter" are harmonies, which are also different from Liu and Bai's works, so the "Ci
Pu" is recorded as a style
1. Manhua Talk about the origin
"Bamboo Branch Ci", formerly known as "Bamboo Branch", or "Bamboo Branch Song", is an ancient folk song. Many records have been circulated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
"The Tang Dynasty's "Zhuzhi Ci" and "Yangliu Ci" were originally created by anonymous writers, and were handed down after being collected and polished by scribes." (Lu Xun's "Qie Jie Pavilion Essays·Men" "Foreign Language Talk") "Zhuzhi Ci" is an original ballad created collectively by people. After a long period of oral circulation, part of it was polished by literati and recorded. It was originally sung among the people in Bachu area. The content was originally about a love affair in the mountains, expressing the flirting and amusing mood of Tujia men and women in the forest. The words are often vulgar. There is a combination of dance and music, mostly accompanied by drums, piccolos, reed pipes, shengs, etc.; it is accompanied by dances such as stepping on the wooden teeth and raising the stern. Later, it gradually moved from lyricism to narrative, from love in the mountains to social affairs and personnel disputes, to sacrifices and divination, marriages of men and women, accompanying spirits at funerals, banquets with guests and wine, boating, riding cattle and grazing, expressing emotions and expressing feelings, and self-entertainment. …pervades all aspects of social life.
The Song Dynasty Guo Maoqian's "Yuefu Poetry Anthology" Volume 81 "Modern Dictionary Three" records: ""Bamboo Branch" was originally from Bayu. In the Zhenyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi... used slang songs as vulgar, which was based on the poet's " "Nine Songs" is composed of nine chapters of "Zhuzhi", which is one of the children's songs in the teachings. It was popular between Zhenyuan and Yuanhe. "Guo's "Yuefu Poetry Collection" included "Zhuzhi Ci" in "Modern Quci". "Shou Yin" also said that "Modern music is also a miscellaneous music. Because it originated in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it is called modern music." It can be seen that "Zhuzhi Ci" was famous in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Its shape is seven words and four sentences, "its single word is associated with Huang Zhongyu, and the end is like the sound of Wu. There is harmony, and the seven words are a sentence. When the four words are broken, it harmonizes with the cloud "bamboo branch"; when the three words are broken, it harmonizes with the cloud "daughter". Later In the Yuan Dynasty, when Liu Yuxi was relegated to his hometown, it became a new word and became even more popular." (Volume 13 of "Tang Yugui Signs" by Hu Zhenheng of the Ming Dynasty) From the perspective of music, each sentence has four characters, one of which is "bamboo branch", and the next three characters are "bamboo branches". They are all "daughters", and this is the sound of choking in the song. In today's Tujia folk songs in western Hubei, this feature remains the same.
The earliest author of "Zhuzhi Ci" that can be tested so far is the poet Gu Kuang of the Mid-Tang Dynasty. Gu Kuang's "Bamboo Branch" says:
"The emperor's son Cangwu has not returned, and Chu Yun is flying under the leaves in the Dongting. After the Ba people sang "Bamboo Branch" at night, the sound of the heartbroken apes gradually became fainter."
There is another song, "Those who sang "Bamboo Branch Song" sat down and wept when they were thinking about returning home in early spring." It goes:
"In the misty spring, Chu water waves are born, and the Chu people sing "Bamboo Branch Song" together. This is true for you. Thinking of returning guests, wiping away tears to see Huanai Lao He? ”
How sad and desolate! Bai Juyi, the great poet of the Mid-Tang Dynasty who imitated "Bamboo Branch Song" after Gu Kuang, even said with emotion: "Batong Witch's "Bamboo Branch Song" makes me regretful that no one complains so much. After listening to it for a while, I am still disappointed, but after hearing it for a long time, I will learn how to do it again!" "Listen to 'Zhuzhi' as a gift to the twin servants." The underlying resentment in "Zhuzhi Ci" can be heard for a while; if you listen to it for a long time, how can you be embarrassed!
2. It flourished in the Sui and Tang Dynasties
“The mountains are covered with red flowers, and the spring water of Shu River beats the mountain flow. The red flowers fade easily like a man’s will, and the water flow is infinite like Nong’s worry.”
This bright and charming song "Bamboo Branch Ci" vividly depicts the image of a young girl in love, which has haunted the hearts of obsessed men and resentful women for thousands of years. Wonderful love brought her incomparable joy and happiness, but also brought her deep sorrow hidden in her heart. Looking around, the top of the mountain is red, like a fire burning - passionate love. And at the foot of the mountain, a river of spring water gently laps the mountain flow - infinite attachment. The young man's heart is now like the red clouds on the mountain! But is his friendship as easy to wither as a flower? There are layers of melancholy in the girl's heart, and the sadness is like water, endless...
The touching feelings and touching poems introduce its author to us. Liu Yuxi, also known as Mengde, was a famous poet in the late middle and late Tang Dynasty. "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" contains 12 volumes of his poems, totaling 785 poems. His poetry has a wide range of contents, a vigorous and heroic style, and a fresh and clear style. Famous articles and famous sentences are popular among the public, and there are quite a lot of them. His works, which express one's ambitions, chant history and pay tribute to the past, have always been famous for their profound and euphemistic warnings. At the same time, he was also very good at learning folk songs and folk songs, and became the most famous expert in this field among the poets of the Tang Dynasty. In his "Collection of Liu Mengde", there are only two volumes of Yuefu poems; the most famous of them are "Zhuzhi Ci", "Ta Ge Xing" and "Willow Branches".
In the second year of Emperor Wenzong's Changqing reign (822), Liu Yuxi arrived in Kuizhou (i.e. Jianping) and served as governor. Here, he heard a kind of dance music originally sung and danced in eastern Sichuan - "Zhuzhi Ci" and adapted it to show the people's life in Bachu area and make it shine. He said in "Nine Quotes of Bamboo Branch Poems": "Songs from all directions have different sounds but the same music. In the first month of the year, I came to Jianping, where I sang the children's couplet "Bamboo Branch", played the piccolo and drummed to celebrate the festival. The singer Yang Sui dances, and there are many songs for him. Listening to his music, the feathers of Huang Zhong are like the sound of Wu. Although they are inseparable, they are full of thoughts and are as beautiful as Qi Pu. The people welcome the gods, but the poems are mostly crude, so they wrote "Nine Songs". To this day, Jing Chu encouraged them, so I also wrote nine "Bamboo Branch Songs", which were praised by the humble singers and attached to the end. Coveting, knowing how to change the wind."
The "Zhuzhi Ci" composed by Liu Yuxi has two groups, one group has nine poems, and the other group has two poems.
These eleven "Zhuzhi Ci" express a very wide range of content, which is very different from the heart-wrenching "Zhuzhi Ci" written by predecessors.
For example, it expresses love, and the homophonic pun is "The willows are green and the Qingjiang River is level, and I hear the singing on the Langjiang River. The sun rises in the east and rains in the west. The road is ruthless but sunny."
It is like describing the mountain residents. In the working life, "there are layers of peach and plum blossoms on the mountains, and fireworks in the clouds are people's homes. Silver and gold hairpins are used to carry water, and long knives and short hats are used to burn rice."
For example, the "Baidichengguan Spring Grass" that triggers tourists' homesickness Born, the Sichuan River is green at the foot of the Baiyan Mountain. People from the south come up to sing a song, but don’t go up to the north to stir up nostalgia."
For example, "The Zhulou on the river is sunny with new rain, and the water in the west is ruined." There are many willows on the east and west of the bridge, and people come and go singing. "The flowers on both sides of the river are blooming like snow, and every house is full of spring wine. There are many female companions in Zhaojun Square, and they are outing in Yong'an Palace."
Again. As mentioned above, there are those that sing about love, and there are also those that express sadness in the traditional way, and so on.
In the hands of Liu Yuxi, "Zhuzhi Ci" is similar to folk songs without losing its vulgarity, and is different from the works of literati without losing its elegance. It is known as "the atmosphere is dense, the thoughts are lingering, the simplicity is beautiful, and the style is unique." (Bian Xiaoxuan, Wu Ruyu: "Liu Yuxi") "Tao the customs but not slang, pursue the past without shame," "the meaning of the words is sublime", "running against the iron dust" . (Volume 26 of "Collected Works of Mr. Huang from Yuzhang") has had a huge and far-reaching impact on later generations, and has also made "Zhuzhi Ci" the most representative artistic masterpiece in Bachu regional culture.
Since then. After Liu Yuxi, there were many imitators, such as Li She in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Sun Guangxian in the Five Dynasties, Su Yi, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his younger brother Su Che, who all had "Bamboo Branch Song", but the "Bamboo Branch Ci" at this time was in Chu culture. The colors are becoming more and more intense, as Su Che's "Song of Bamboo Branches" says, "The boat traveled thousands of miles without reaching Chu, and suddenly I heard that "Bamboo Branches" were all in Chu language. The Chu language was clear and easy to distinguish, and the bright moon in the middle river often showed dew." It can be seen that the original use of Ba Songs sung in Chinese dialects have gradually matured and are no longer difficult to understand. After the Song Dynasty, "Bamboo Branches" still showed strong vitality and expanded its geographical scope. For example, Yang Weizhen in the Yuan Dynasty had "Bamboo Branches in the West Lake" and Zheng Bao in the Qing Dynasty had "Weihu Branch". "County Bamboo Branch Poetry", it seems that "Bamboo Branch" is at least widely popular in Jiangnan. From the perspective of modern Liang Qichao's "Taiwan Bamboo Branch Song", "Bamboo Branch" has crossed the strait again.
3. Customs. Unique
"Zhuzhi Ci" reached an unprecedented height in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, integrating the mountains, rivers, and the customs of the Xiajiang River. , and there are those who recite the great customs.
Zhu Ziqing said in "Chinese Ballads": ""Ci Lv" says: 'The sound of "Zhu Zhi" originated from the works of the Tang Dynasty people in Bashu, and they all talk about the scenery in Sichuan. Later generations imitated his style and wrote it in various places. At this time, "Bamboo Branch" has become a poetic style describing the customs."
But it is more than just describing the customs?
Qing Dynasty folk customs Family poets such as Peng Qiutan, Tian Taidou, and Tian Fengnan in western Hubei, and Peng Yonggong, Peng Yongxing, and Tang Renhui in western Hunan have created a large number of Zhuzhi Ci, which extensively covers all aspects of Tujia weddings, funerals, production, and entertainment, showing people rich national characteristics. The customs and habits of the Tujia people. Crying in marriage, dancing in mourning, pastoral work songs, hand-waving dances...the unique customs and the melodious songs are like a history of Tujia folk customs, like a tragic comedy out of the world.
Crying for marriage mainly involves telling one's misfortunes and feelings of farewell to relatives. Relatives, companions, and neighbors often cry with the woman when she is trying to persuade her to marry, and the content is mainly about women's sufferings. Peng Yonggong's "Bamboo Branch Song" says:
“I grew up and accompanied my daughter-in-law, and my daughter-in-law also hurt herself. The most difficult thing is that I can’t hear her cry, except the sound of baby and mother.”
For example, dancing in mourning is an ancient tradition of the Tujia people. The funeral ceremony of singing and dancing has a long history. Fan Chuo of the Tang Dynasty wrote about the funeral ceremony of the Ba people, the ancestors of the Tujia people: "The Ba family worshiped their ancestors with drums." In mourning, drums are beaten to express condolences, the songs must be chanted, and the crowd must dance. "Changle County Chronicles of the Qing Dynasty says: "When a relative is mourning, neighbors come to pay their respects, and they stay away until night, and they die early in the morning: beat at the side of the hub. Drums are called mourning drums; they sing slang songs and laments to each other, called mourning drum songs. "Peng Qiutan's "Zhuzhi Ci" says: "Family rituals for mourning relatives are called Confucian scholars, and monks, witchcraft, and scholars are not able to do so. Whose family opens the way to add new ghosts, and sings in mourning all night until dawn.
"
Like pastoral songs, the Tujia people have lived near mountains and rivers since ancient times, making a living by farming, fishing and hunting. "Changle County Chronicles" of the Qing Dynasty records: "Every summer when working, a person who is good at singing will play drums and sing. The gongs and cymbals respond to it, which is called grass drums, and those who want to work are happy and forget about fatigue. "At that time, several or dozens of people will stand at the head of the field playing drums and shouting songs. Some people will also play the suona. Everyone will signal with drums and songs in the field, vying to move forward, and singing with the drummer from time to time. Song, the scene is very lively, and the effect is very significant. Li Huanqing of the Qing Dynasty wrote in "Zhuzhi Ci": "There are not many new rice seedlings in ten acres, but jade millet is planted on the hillside. Nühong also knows how to work hard, feeds copper and listens to drums and gongs. "
Like the "Waving Dance", its dance is rough, its song is powerful, its style is ancient and has lasted for thousands of years. In the evening of the ninth day of the first lunar month or the third day of March every year, when the sun sets in the west At that time, a fire was lit on the large lawn of the Tujia village. The Tujia boys and girls gathered at the entrance of the village, wearing beautiful quilts, carrying finely embroidered flags, and carrying extra-large wooden drums. All kinds of lanterns and torches in their hands, guided by colorful flags and drums, formed a huge flow of people and rushed towards the fire. Suddenly, there was a sea of ??people around the fire, singing to the rhythm of clear and melodious songs. , people danced a natural and free hand-waving dance together, and sang an exciting hand-waving song. Peng Yonggong's "Bamboo Branch Poetry" says: "In Fushi City, there is a brocade nest, and the water beside the Tuwang Palace is rippled." There are thousands of red lights and thousands of people waving their hands and singing. ”
The poets of the Qing Dynasty can be said to have organized Bayu slang into chapters and created a large number of "Zhuzhi Ci" that showed folk customs. And these "Zhuzhi Ci" that were popular, smooth and easy to spread also further expanded themselves.
4. Preservation and promotion
The contemporary Wushu song "The Story of the White Snake" appears in Yongzhou, Hunan Province, which is a new path for the development of "Zhuzhi Ci" 166. Sentences, the main plots include thinking of others, going down the mountain, borrowing an umbrella on a boat, getting married, opening a shop, stealing fairy grass, Sofu, water fighting, meeting on a broken bridge, etc. The tragic ending in the original legendary story was changed into a comedy ending. There is a happy reunion.
"The Legend of White Snake" is characterized by the language of folk songs, narrating stories, exaggerating the atmosphere, creating a strong touching momentum, and touching the heartstrings of readers and listeners. Because of its narrative nature, folk singers are very popular. The "freehand" technique is deliberately adopted. The narrative is simple and concise, and the rhyme can be freely changed, so that the singer can sing and dance casually.
The excerpt from "The Legend of the White Snake" is as follows:
p>“The willows and flowers on the Broken Bridge at Su Di, sisters came to visit on credit for fun, and a caring man borrowed an umbrella in the wind and rain, and a good relationship was born from this. We meet by chance on a ferry boat, the lake light glistens and we are in love, our eyes turn to the place where our souls are lost, and our hearts of iron and stone are also smoking. The young children gradually became more and more affectionate after talking to each other, and they intended to exchange names with each other. Please be careful not to break your promise, and sweep the stone path first and then greet each other. The farewell words are full of affection. Don’t wait until the setting sun sets. Deep among the green poplars, inside the white walls, the red building in Cao Temple is my home. Suddenly I saw Qing'er asking about her family. Bai Niang was very happy when she heard it. She fluttered her red sleeves because of the wind and painted the pavilion and the towers reflecting the dawn clouds. Magpies were chirping in front of the court, young people were elegantly dressed and smiling, and young children were busy handing out fragrant tea. ”
This poem "The Legend of White Snake" creates a new chapter of "Zhuzhi Ci". It is not limited by subject matter, rhythm, or limited to four sentences. It boldly uses imagination and has magnificent meaning. It is both imaginative and unconventional, yet inherits nature, and is completed in one go. It is beautiful in diction, fluent in writing, easy to understand, and easy to sing. It can be called a new classic of "Zhuzhi Ci"
"The Legend of White Snake" points out the development of "Zhuzhi Ci". It has taken a new direction; storytelling and drama still need further study.
Thousands of years have passed, and "Bamboo Branch" has been sung throughout China.
Ba Yuzhi. There are many cliffs on the ground. Wherever the wind blows, the bamboo forest moans and the bamboo branches symphony. There are many beautiful jade that need to be carved hidden among them. They are spread among the villagers in the mountains and wild places, and they are immersed in the songs produced during their working life. The green Bachong Mountain and the winding clear river combine human wisdom and the aura of the landscape into one pure and beautiful "Bamboo Branch Poetry".
The romantic and affectionate "Bamboo Branch Ci", the brisk, smooth, unique and funny "Bamboo Branch Ci", the lingering and tear-jerking "Bamboo Branch Ci", one after another, lingering clear songs, melodious tunes, in the precipitous landscape. On Chongshan Mountain, by the rapids of the gorge, the love is deep and lingering, and the love is long and long...
This is the life of the Tujia people, the legacy of the Ba people, and the wealth of today's people.
In recent years, the rescue and protection of folk literature and art has become a major event in the literary and art circles, and "Bamboo Branch Ci" is one of them. Real scholars and literati should go deep into the folk, carefully search for, record, organize, polish, repair with great concentration, and broaden their minds, try to engrave it into a CD, and make it into a movie... so that "Bamboo Branch Ci", a wonder of the art world, can stand in the world The forest of cultural masterpieces will always become the pride of the Chinese nation!