Let’s talk about everyone’s understanding of the Mongolian people
It’s worth our lives. They are heroic and great in singing and dancing. They are a nation with a long history, splendid culture and hard work and bravery. They have been active and living in the vast grasslands of northern my country for a long time. The Ergun River Basin is the birthplace of the Mongolian nation and one of the main areas where Mongolians live in China. Historically, the Mongolians and other ethnic minorities in Hulunbuir have made important contributions to the development, construction and defense of the northeastern border of the motherland. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up in the 1980s, the Mongolian nation with a long history has played an active role in all aspects of Hulunbuir's economic and social life, and has made profound changes in all aspects. changes and unprecedented achievements. Lyrics of "Home" (Mongolian)
Every poem that misses you is written in front of the glass window after the rain
Every passionate song is sung for you unintentionally Promise
Every time I hold your hand, I dare not look into your eyes
Give me a warm trap and a burning love
Let me There is a longing for home in this cold heart
Listen to the drifting sound of my piano behind the locked door
Open your lonely window and don’t turn around your figure
Entering your deep dream, who is sleeping silently
The lamp that lights up your dim light is a face that cannot help but be shy
Give me a Warm true feelings and a burning love
Let my wandering soul feel like I have found a home
Many years ago, I walked out of a home with a heavy heart
Where can I soothe this tired soul wandering around the world now
Every old poem is written in front of the glass window after the rain
Every lonely song is for you Singing unintentional promises
Every time I hold your hand, I never dare to look into your eyes
When I turn my dizzy head away, I have a face that cannot but be chic
Give me a warm family, give me a burning love
Let me feel like I have found a home when I go out.
Give me a warm family. My burning love
Let me feel like I have found a home when I go out. Mongolian folk customs
Introduction to Mongolian folk customs:
Mongolia Ethnic meals include milk tea, milk tofu, cheese, milk fruit, etc.; drinks include milk tea, yogurt wine, etc. Mongolians in pastoral areas mainly eat meat and milk, supplemented by grain. Eat three meals a day, focusing on breakfast and dinner. In the morning, they usually make fried rice with milk tea, and add a little milk skin, milk tofu, etc.; in the evening, they eat more mutton mixed with soup noodles, fresh milk noodle cakes or hand-grilled mutton. Drink milk tea before and after meals, as long as you want to drink it or if guests come, you can drink it all day long. Meat is mainly mutton and beef. Ways to eat mutton include "hand-grilled meat", roasted whole lamb, etc. This is a traditional Mongolian delicacy. Among them, the Mongolian "hand-grilled meat" is made from fat and tender small-mouthed mutton. It is boiled in water until it is about 70 to 80% cooked and can be eaten. You can eat it with your hands or pick it with a Mongolian knife. The meat is fresh and tender, delicious and easy to digest. It is a common treat for Mongolian herders to entertain guests. The Mongolian roasted whole sheep is one of the most exquisite dishes at the banquet. A whole sheep is roasted, brown-red, shiny and squeaking, with a fragrant aroma. The chef squats it down on the plate. It is carried to the banquet, and then cut into several pieces and slices for guests to eat. The color, aroma, taste and shape are all excellent, with strong national flavor and local characteristics.
Mongolian traditional sacrifice to Aobao, "Sacrifice to Aobao" is a traditional activity of Mongolian people to worship gods. The time is mostly from June to August every year. "Aobao" means "duizi" in Mongolian. It is a pile of stones with branches and willows inserted to guide pedestrians and mark the direction. The branches are covered with colorful cloth strips and paper flags. Traditional forms of sacrifice include: blood sacrifice, wine sacrifice, and fire sacrifice. When offering sacrifices to Aobao, cattle and sheep were killed as sacrifices.
The modern Aobao Festival has added new content such as horse racing, wrestling, archery and other competitive events, as well as song and dance performances. The purpose of offering sacrifices to Aobao is to pray for good weather, peace in the four seasons, and prosperity. Mongolian young men and women express their love for each other during the activities and meet on a date to see each other again. This is where the "Aobao Meeting" comes from.
The prairie food culture is full of prairie flavor. When you sit at the cool wine table, fresh milk tea is served, and the fragrant hand-grilled mutton is served. The fresh aroma makes people salivate. When you get to the grassland, you eat mutton and drink strong white wine. After half the wine, your thoughts are like clouds swarming up and down the mountainside. The singing lighted up at the wine table, and the long-sounding Mongolian folk songs were as individual as the folk songs of the Loess Plateau. The windows of the grassland are open, and the breeze carries the smell of green grass into the hearts of tourists. People will miss Gada Meilin, the national hero, and get close to the hard-working and kind-hearted herdsmen, the vigorous grasslands, and the melodious sound of the matouqin.
Bonfire night in the prairie can make people relax. When the sky is filled with stars, the clear light of a crescent moon falls on the vast grassland, and the firelight rises, the mystery, depth and weight of the grassland are revealed. In the light of the fire, tourists from all over the world danced, including modern dance, Russian ballet, and Andai dance of the grassland people. This frank and rough Horqin grassland folk dance became softer again. Modern people have integrated the world's thoughts, culture and art. Mongolian birthday?
It should be the Mongolian habit of the lunar calendar.
Customs and Habits of the Mongolian Nationality
(1) Diet
The Mongolian people have lived on the grasslands for generations, with animal husbandry as the main production method. Mainly milk and meat products, kumiss, hand-chopped meat, roast mutton and tea are their favorite daily drinks, food and hospitality delicacies. The Mongolians in Liaoning and western Liaoning engaged in agricultural production relatively early, so their diet retains not only the traditional Mongolian food customs, but also some unique delicacies from the Eastern Mongolia region. Such as whole sheep soup, "hand-made mutton", Mongolian pie, Lama cake, etc.
The so-called whole sheep soup is to combine fresh mutton with the sheep's heart, liver, lungs, intestines, etc., cut into strips, cook them together in water, and then add various condiments for consumption. It tastes delicious and is very popular among people. Whole-sheep soup was originally a special diet of the Mongolian people. Now it has become a delicacy for entertaining guests in Fuxin, western Liaoning. Especially on the "beginning of autumn" in the lunar calendar, people eat it in large quantities, and it is commonly known as "grabbing autumn fat".
"Hand-hand mutton" is one of the traditional Mongolian foods. To make "hand mutton", you must choose fat and tender sheep, slaughter them on the spot, peel them into the pot, add seasonings, and steam them. The color, aroma and taste are all good, and it is a delicacy for the Mongolian people to entertain guests. Because you don’t use chopsticks, you just use your hands, so it’s called hand-grilled meat.
In the 2002 Liaoning Province Top Ten Flavor Food Selection, the "hand-made meat" and "whole mutton soup" managed by Chef Sun Yuguo of Fuxin were dazzling
(2) Clothing
Jewelry, robes, belts and boots are the four main parts of Mongolian clothing. The Mongolian robe is a robe that is loved by Mongolian men, women, old and young. It is a unique clothing decoration formed during the long-term nomadic life.
The ornaments on the heads of Mongolian women are made of gems, gold and silver, etc. They are mostly used at festival banquets or when visiting relatives and friends. They are usually wrapped with long colored silks.
The sleeves of the Mongolian robe are long and wide, with no slits on the left and right at the lower end. The collar is high and the placket is buttoned on the right side. The collar, cuffs and hems are often decorated with lace. Men's robes are mostly blue and brown; women's robes are mostly red, green, and purple.
Belts and riding boots are necessary for wearing Mongolian robes. This kind of attire makes men look strong and chic; women look slim and strong.
Mongolian boots can be divided into cloth boots and leather boots. . Cloth boots are beautiful, unique, soft and lightweight; leather boots are crisp, smooth, strong and durable. It can protect your ankles and keep out the cold when riding a horse; taking off your boots naturally when you fall off the horse can ensure your personal safety.
Mongolians living in Liaoning do not often wear national costumes in daily life, but at large festival gatherings or wedding ceremonies, Mongolian compatriots wear colorful national costumes to Show solemnity.
(3) Folk houses
Mongolian yurt is the Manchu name for the housing of Mongolian herdsmen. In Manchu, the home or house is called "Bo". Because of the Yi sound, it was later called "Bo". "Mongolian yurt". Mongolian people call their houses "Ger"; Han people call yurts "Qionglu" or "yurt", etc.
The yurt has a simple structure, is easy to disassemble and assemble, and is light to carry. It is very suitable for the nomadic life of the Mongolian people. Although the yurt is small in appearance, the usable area inside the yurt is very large. It has good air circulation, good lighting conditions, is warm in winter and cool in summer, and is not afraid of wind and rain. It is very suitable for herders to live and use when they move to grazing. Most of the Mongolian people in Liaoning now live in houses with brick and wood structures similar to those of the Han or Manchu people, but the interior decoration has obvious ethnic characteristics.
Mongolian totem
Wolf
Overview:
The wolf totem is an uninterrupted ethnic group of Chinese nomadic people for thousands of years. totem. The wolf totem is the source of spiritual power for the Chinese nomads. In history, the Easterners who conquered Europe, opened up the passage between the East and the West, and shocked the world the most were all peoples who worshiped the wolf totem. Most of them believe that the wolf is the ancestor of their nation. The wolf is the protector of the grassland and the master, god of war and model of the grassland people. There is no animal on earth that can have such a powerful and lasting impact on human behavior like the wolf, and has rewritten the history of the world and China, and promoted great exchanges and integration of nations. Once the wolf rises to the lofty status of a national totem, the wolf will be in a protected position. Historically, grassland peoples both hunted and protected wolves, establishing a cyclical relationship of interdependence between humans and animals. Wolf totem culture is people’s conscious awe and admiration for animals and natural ecology. Wolves, intelligent and brave animals, were always respected in China's nomadic areas before the 1970s. The existence of wild wolves basically preserved the original style of the grasslands. Therefore, when China's nomadic power was strong, it never showed Desertification trend as sand advances and people retreat. Until the 1950s, wolf totem worship continued to be impacted and squeezed by farming culture. The gradual disappearance of prairie wolves coincided with the degradation of grasslands. China's desertification and sandstorm problems are mainly the consequences of grassland degradation. Grassland is an important part of the earth's life system, especially for the survival and development of North China, and has the status and role of a "one-vote veto".
During the thousands of years of wolf totem worship on the grassland, the grassland has never been damaged by tombs. Grassland peoples believe that wolves will carry human souls to Tengger (heaven), so they send corpses to sky burial sites to be processed by wolves and perform sky burials. This custom of "eating meat for meat" reflects the simple materialism of the cycle of all things. The concept of socialism, respecting Mother Earth, incarnating in the heaven and earth, and never breaking a piece of turf after death. This approach has historically been effective in protecting the natural ecology of the grasslands. Mongolian folk customs
Mongolians are mainly distributed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the rest are distributed in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces and regions. The Mongols call themselves "Mongolia". It means "eternal fire". Also known as "horseback nation". Mongolians greet each other when they meet, even strangers. When you meet peers or acquaintances, you usually ask: "Hello Saibainu"; if you meet an elder or someone you meet for the first time, you have to ask: "Hi Saibainu." (Hello).
Hospitality to passers-by is a traditional virtue of the Mongolian people. Mongolian people pay great attention to etiquette and rules in hospitality. For example, when eating hand-made mutton, the mutton's pipa bone with meat and four long ribs are usually served to the guests. If beef is served to guests, a piece of meaty spine, half a rib and a piece of fat intestine are given to the guests.
When visiting a Mongolian home, you must respect the host. After entering the yurt, you have to sit cross-legged on the carpet around the stove. However, the owner's residence is to the west of the stove. You are not allowed to sit casually when the owner is not sitting. The guests usually want to drink the milk tea offered by the host, and it would be rude not to drink it. If the host invites you to eat dairy products, the guests should not refuse, otherwise it will hurt the host's heart. If it is inconvenient to eat more, just eat a little.
Offering hada is also a noble etiquette of the Mongolian people.
When offering a hada, the giver should bow down and hold it with both hands and hand it to the other person. The recipient should also bow down and receive it with both hands or bow to let the giver hang the hada around his neck and express his gratitude.
Mongolians should avoid riding fast when approaching yurts on horseback or driving, so as not to disturb the herds; if there is a fire or a red cloth hanging in front of the door, it means that there is a patient or pregnant woman in the house. Outsiders are not allowed to enter; guests are not allowed to sit on the Western Kang, because the west is the direction where the Buddha is worshipped; meat from dead animals, donkey meat, dog meat, and white horse meat are taboo; red and white are taboo when doing funerals, and black and yellow are taboo when doing happy events; Bake feet, shoes, socks, pants, etc. on the brazier; it is prohibited to smoke, spit, touch ritual objects, classics, Buddha statues, and make loud noises when visiting temple sutra halls and altars. Hunting near the temple is also prohibited.
On the Ordos grassland, when visiting the homes of Mongolian herdsmen, guests do not necessarily need to bring many gifts. They only need to prepare six round pancakes baked with wheat flour and a few pairs of red dates. Can. After entering the host's yurt, the host will let the guest sit on the guest seat and serve tea to the guest. The guest can ask the host for a plate, and place the six pancakes he brought with him on the plate like lotus leaves, and then put the ingredients on the plate. Put a pair of red dates on the pancake and offer it to the owner with both hands. The owner happily accepted it as the most sacred gift on the grassland.
Why are these six seemingly inconspicuous pancakes regarded as sacred gifts? According to the old people, Ordos had six flags at the beginning, and six pancakes were used as a ceremony, which meant that etiquette was supreme and people lived in harmony; while red dates represented the prosperity of the six flags.
The Mongolian people in the Hetao area can do without anything when entertaining guests, but wine is absolutely not allowed. Entertaining guests with wine is the most common and the most basic etiquette among the Mongolian people in the Hetao area. There is a special term for entertaining noble guests with wine, which is called "Djila" in Mongolian.
When offering "djila" to a noble guest, the guest is given only a wine bottle with ghee on the mouth instead of a wine glass. After the guest receives the wine bottle, he first dips a little of the bottle with his right index finger. Apply the ghee on your forehead to your forehead. If there are other guests present, they will also apply a little bit in turn. Then, the host will take out a wine glass or silver bowl and pour wine for the guests. After the guest drinks three glasses in succession, when the fourth glass is poured, the guest will hold the wine glass in one hand and raise it high in the other hand, or say a few words of blessing to the host, or sing a hymn wishing the host good luck and good luck at the top of his voice. Mongolian food
There are many distinctive Mongolian foods, such as roasted lamb, oven-roasted whole lamb with skin, hand-caught lamb, big fried lamb, roasted lamb leg, milk tofu, Mongolian buns, and Mongolian stuffing Cake etc. There are also folk dishes: cream, a common dairy product of the Mongolian people; milk skin; whole sheep banquet, which is a traditional Mongolian banquet dish, and is also commonly used in sacrificial activities; cooked roast sheep, a flavor dish of the Ordos region of Inner Mongolia; cabbage and mutton rolls; Xinsu cake, a traditional Mongolian folk pastry; dried rice, a Mongolian snack.
Mongolian herdsmen regard sheep as the guarantee of life and the source of wealth. There are three meals a day, and each meal is inseparable from milk and meat. Foods made from milk are called "Chaganyide" in Mongolian, which means holy and pure food, that is, "white food"; foods made from meat are called "Ulanyide" in Mongolian. "De" means "red food".
In addition to the most common milk, Mongolians also consume goat milk, horse milk, deer milk and camel milk, a small part of which is used as fresh milk drinks, and most of which are processed into dairy products, such as yogurt There are more than ten kinds of dried tofu, milk tofu, milk skin, butter, cream, cream residue, cheese cake, milk powder, etc., which can be eaten with meals and are also snacks suitable for all ages. Dairy products have always been regarded as high-quality treasures. If there are guests, they must be offered first. If children come, milk skins or butter should be smeared on their foreheads to show good wishes.
The meat of the Mongolian people is mainly cattle and sheep, followed by goat, camel and a small amount of horse meat. Yellow mutton is also hunted during the hunting season. There are more than 70 common traditional ways of eating mutton, including whole lamb feast, tender-skinned whole lamb feast, woolen whole lamb feast, roasted lamb, roasted lamb heart, fried lamb tripe, and lamb brain stew. The most distinctive ones are Mongolian roasted whole sheep (skinned and roasted), oven-roasted whole sheep with skin or Alxa roasted whole sheep, and the most common one is hand-caught lamb.
Mongolian people pay attention to cooking mutton and eating it immediately after cooking to keep the mutton fresh and tender. Especially when making hand-made mutton, avoid overcooking. However, the Mongolian people in the mixed Mongolian and Han areas in eastern Inner Mongolia also like to cook the meat with seasonings and cook the meat into crispy hand-made mutton. Mongolians in some areas also like to cut the meat from the lamb loin into large pieces, fry it in batter and fry it into fried meat slices, which is called "big fried sheep" among the people. Beef is mostly eaten in winter. Some are made into all-beef feasts, and more are made into stews, braises, and soups. Camel meat and horse meat are also eaten, and fried camel hump slices dipped in sugar are regarded as delicacies. Experienced chefs are also good at cooking beef tendon, deer tendon, bullwhip and oxtail into various therapeutic dishes. In order to facilitate preservation, beef and mutton are often made into jerky and bacon. The origin of the Mongolian people?
According to "Historical Records", the Mongolian tribe initially only included two clans, Negus and Qiyuan (derogatory name Qiyan). After they were defeated by other Xiongnu (Turkic) tribes, only two men and two men were left. Female, they fled to live in the Ergunekun (mountains along the Ergun River) area. In the 8th century AD, due to the continuous growth of the population, they had to migrate. By this time, they had divided into 70 branches. These 70 branches The branch is called "Dierleqin Mongolia". "Secret History of Mongolia" and "Old Book of Tang" record: Cang Lang and White Deer are the ancestors of the Mongolian people, and they were born into the world under the orders of God. Then they crossed Tengjisi together and began to multiply at the source of the Olan River and in front of the Burhan Mountain, and gave birth to Baotachihan. The Baobata Chihan mentioned here is the ancestor of the Mongols. In fact, Canglang and White Deer are respectively pronounced as: Baotie Chilang and Huoeimalanle in Mongolian, but they are only translated as Canglang and White Deer in Chinese.
Regarding the true origin of the Mongolian nation, most modern and contemporary scholars believe that the Mongols come from the Donghu branch. Donghu is a general term for large and small tribes that have the same ethnic origin, speak different dialects, and each have their own names. According to Sima Qian's "Historical Records": "It is in the east of the Xiongnu, so it is called Donghu." From the 5th to the 3rd century BC, the tribes of the Donghu were still in the development stage of primitive clan society, and each tribe lived a life of "following the water and grass, living in an irregular place" . How do Mongolians immigrate to Mongolia?
1. The main ways to obtain Mongolian immigrants are: love (parents, children, and spouses are Mongolian citizens), Mongolian citizens moving out of Mongolia and then moving back, political asylum, etc.;
2. Immigration For foreign citizens who have already lived in Mongolia for a certain period of time, the application process does not cost money or only requires some handling fees in various links, which can be ignored.
3. The Mongolian Immigration Bureau (accepting unit) will judge whether to accept the applicant based on the applicant's situation and the national conditions of the country and submit it to the President or Congress for approval.
4. After obtaining immigration qualification, I shall not stay outside Mongolia for more than 180 days each year;
5. If I engage in illegal activities, or oppose immigration or registration while in Mongolia, It is stipulated that the competent authorities have the right to refuse the application if the application is obtained more than twice or through false marriage, etc.
6. For more details, please check the "Mongolian Immigration Bureau" website, or consult the Immigration Bureau through your friends in Mongolia.
7. Relevant provisions of Mongolia's "Law on the Status of Foreign Citizens in Mongolia":
29.1 According to the application form of a foreign citizen applying to immigrate to Mongolia, due to the domestic situation and economic capacity, the applicant may apply for immigration. Depending on the person's academic qualifications, major, etc., the state administrative agency in charge of foreign citizen affairs (the Mongolian Civil Affairs Bureau) may issue an immigration residence permit within the period specified in Article 27.1 of this Law (up to five years, renewable for three years at a time).
29.2 If the foreign citizen applying for immigration is over 55 years old, the national administrative agency in charge of foreign citizen affairs (Immigration Bureau) shall comply with Article 28.3 of this Law (residence due to family relations) when issuing an immigration residence permit. For foreign citizens who are over 55 years old, the national administrative agency in charge of foreign citizen affairs may issue a permanent residence permit in accordance with the same principles as the country where the citizen belongs.
29.3 If a foreign citizen who has obtained an immigration and residence permit in Mongolia has stayed abroad for more than 180 days within one year, the national administrative agency in charge of foreign citizen affairs may revoke the immigration and residence permit.
29.5 The total number of foreign citizens immigrating to Mongolia shall not exceed 0.5 of the population of Mongolia, and the number of any one nationality shall not exceed 0.17.