[edit]Construction history
The history of planning for the construction of the National Grand Theater can be traced back 49 years ago. 1958 - the Party Central Committee Jue set to meet the tenth anniversary of the founding of the country celebrations in the capital of Beijing to build a number of large-scale public **** building that is the founding of the country's top ten buildings Later, because of the Cultural Revolution, the National Center for the National Theatre project has not been able to start 1990 - the Ministry of Culture to form the National Theatre 1993 - put forward the feasibility study report for the demonstration of the three construction options The first 120,000 square meters three theaters and a small theater The second 97,000 square meters two theaters and a small theater The third 105,000 square meters three theaters The final proposal for the total construction area of 100,000㎡ three big theaters and one small theater 1996 - The Sixth Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee proposed the planned construction of a national theater September 1997 - The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decided to build a national theater December 1997 - Five domestic designers were invited to participate in the debate. --5 domestic design organizations put forward 7 design proposals April 1998 - the State Council approved the construction of the National Grand Theatre project, and at the same time began its construction program estimation competition Invited 17, self-registered 19, *** proposed 44 Program First round: 5 finalists Second round: (November 1998) selection results of five finalists, of which three Chinese and foreign joint program modification Finally put forward three programs Finally: decided to use the Paris Airport Design Company program, Tsinghua University with the modification In adjusting the program, taking into account the relationship between the National Grand Theatre and the Tiananmen Square and the Great Hall of the People, twice in a row, will be the expansion of the scope of the site has been expanded to the south side of the Great Hall of the People Road. When adjusting the plan, taking into account the relationship between the National Grand Theater and Tiananmen Square and the Great Hall of the People, the site area was extended twice in a row, all the way to the south side of the Great Hall. In this way, the Grand Theater was moved 70m further south than the first plan, which played a key role in improving the surrounding environment. English: National center for the performing arts Address: No. 2, West Chang'an Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China Zip code: 100031
[Edit Paragraph]Brief introduction of the National Grand Theater of China
The body of the building consists of the external enclosure of the steel shell and the internal 2091 seats of the Opera House (including standing seats), 1859 seats of the Opera House (including standing seats), 2398 seats of the Opera House (including standing seats), 1859 seats of the Opera House (including standing seats), and 1859 seats of the National Theater of China. The building consists of an external enclosing steel structure shell and an internal 2091-seat Opera House (with 2,398 seats), a 1,859-seat Concert Hall (with 1,017 seats), a 957-seat Drama Theater (with 1,040 seats), a public **** hall and ancillary buildings. The external enclosure steel structure shell is semi-ellipsoidal, the plane projection of the east-west direction of the long axis length of 212.20 meters, the north-south direction of the short axis length of 143.64 meters, the height of the building is 46.285 meters, the foundation depth of the deepest part of the deepest reached -32.5 meters. The ellipsoidal roof is mainly made of titanium metal plate, and the central part is a gradual opening glass curtain wall. The ellipsoidal shell is surrounded by an artificial lake with an area of 35,500 square meters, and various passages and entrances are located under the water surface. The National Grand Theater is 46.68 meters high, slightly lower than the Great Hall of the People by 3.32 meters. However, its actual height is much higher than that of the Great Hall of the People, because 60% of the building of the National Grand Theater is underground, and its underground height is as high as a 10-story building. The construction of the National Grand Theater started on December 13, 2001 and was completed in September 2007. The National Theater was designed by French architect Paul Andreu and designed by BNP Paribas Airports. The roof of the National Theater building is semi-elliptical, covered by titanium with soft tones and luster, with two similar triangular glass curtain wall cut-outs on the front and back sides, and the whole building floats on man-made water, and pedestrians need to enter the performance hall through an 80-meter-long underwater passage. The Grand Theater is novel, avant-garde and uniquely conceived, a combination of tradition and modernity, romance and reality. The huge oval shape of the National Grand Theater looks like a "foreigner" on Chang'an Street, and its clash with the surrounding environment makes it very eye-catching. This "theater in the city, theater in the city" is planned to appear as an unimaginable "pearl in the lake" dedicated to the new century. As early as the 1950s, the government of Chang'an Street [1] planning envisioned the construction of the National Grand Theater, Zhou Enlai first proposed the construction of the National Grand Theater instructions, the address, "in the west of Tiananmen as well". Finally not implemented for financial reasons.
[Edit Paragraph]Overview
The main building of the National Grand Theater consists of the external enclosure and the internal opera house, concert hall, theater and public **** hall and ancillary buildings. On the ground floor are located three buildings: the Opera House, the Concert Hall and the Theater, which are separated from each other by a roadway and connected to each other by suspended walkways, as if the ground floor building on the water surface were a giant shell that covers, shelters, surrounds and illuminates all the halls and passages. The reflection of the buildings in the water forms the exterior view of the Grand Theater. The main building of the National Grand Theater is surrounded by an artificial lake, which is surrounded by a cultural and leisure square composed of large green areas. The artificial lake covers an area of 35,500 square meters, the depth of the artificial lake is 40 centimeters, 35,000 square meters of the entire pool is divided into 22 compartments, divided into compartments designed to facilitate maintenance, but also able to save water, but also conducive to safety. Each cell is relatively independent, but the appearance of the overall consistency. In order to ensure that the water in the pool "does not freeze in winter and does not grow algae in summer," a set of water circulation system called "centralized liquid cooling and heating source environmental system control. The NCPA structure consists of three functional areas. The North Entrance, the underground garage; functional areas including the Opera House, Drama Theater, Concert Hall, etc.; the South Entrance, restaurants, machine rooms and other service areas. The southern entrance of the Grand Theater, together with the northern entrance "underwater corridor", extends to 6m below the ground, and the audience enters the Grand Theater through the underwater corridor. The main entrance on the north side is an 80-meter long underwater gallery. The south entrance and other passages are also underwater. Visitors entering the theater will find a shallow surface of water above their heads. There is a ticket office at the entrance, and on both sides of the underwater promenade there are art displays, art stores and other services. The NCPA's north entrance is connected to the Tiananmen West Station on Beijing Subway Line 1, and the NCPA's south entrance is adjacent to the Hepingmen Station on Subway Line 2, with an underground parking lot that can accommodate 1,000 motor vehicles and 1,500 bicycles. According to Andrew's design the theater is set back 70 meters from Chang'an Street, leaving 70 meters of empty space to be turned into green space. There are four theaters in the National Grand Theater, the Opera House in the middle, the Concert Hall on the east side, the Drama Theater on the west side, and the Small Theater on the west side of the south gate, the four theaters are both completely independent and can be connected to each other through the air corridors. Public **** hall floor paved with more than 20 kinds of different colors, patterns of precious stone, public **** hall ceiling by the precious wood collage into a piece of "mast sails", the wood of different shades of red, light and dark. The famous painter from France, Alain Boni, used more than 20 different kinds of red to color the various parts of the Grand Theater. The entire wall of the Grand Theatre is covered with 4,000 square meters of silk. The Opera House mainly performs operas, ballets and dance dramas, with 2,416 seats; the Concert Hall mainly performs symphonies, folk music and concerts, with 2,017 seats; the Drama Theatre mainly performs dramas, Peking Operas, local operas, folk songs and dances, with 1,040 seats; and the Small Theatre, with 556 seats, performs chamber music, small soloists and solo singers, small theatre dramas, modern dances, etc. The theatres are equipped with dressing rooms, conductors, and a conductor. Each theater is equipped with dressing rooms, conductor's lounge, piano practice room, actors' waiting area, dressing room, costume ironing room, props room, actors' lounge. Stage technical rooms are equipped with sound control room, lighting control room, dimmer equipment room, sound equipment room, camera room and so on. There is a large lounge on the roof platform of the Opera House, a library and audio-visual materials hall on the roof platform of the Concert Hall, and a press room on the roof platform of the Drama Theater. The Grand Theater*** has five rehearsal halls located between the four theaters, which can be ****used or used separately. One large rehearsal hall is mainly used for synthesized rehearsals; two medium rehearsal halls are mainly used for dance rehearsals and orchestra rehearsals; and two small rehearsal halls are mainly used for sectional rehearsals. The Grand Theatre has a centralized audio-visual production center with a large recording studio, a simultaneous recording studio, as well as television broadcasting machine room and audio-visual post-production room. The theater has a large set painting room, set set hanging and set painting equipment, but also sets, props refurbishment room and set storage, as well as for the container transportation of the elevated platform 2.
[edit]Lighting
On the shell structure of the National Grand Theater, there are 506 "mushroom lights" installed. Unlike other buildings on Chang'an Street, which are brightly lit at night, the "mushroom lights" on top of the NCPA's shell emit a little light, like the twinkling stars in the night sky.
[edit]Opera House
The Opera House is the grandest building in the National Theatre, and is decorated in brilliant gold. Opera House is mainly staged opera, dance drama, etc., ballet and large-scale cultural performances, the Opera House Auditorium Auditorium with a pool seating one floor and three floors of the building seating, with an audience of 2091 seats (not including the music pool). Opera House has a push, pull, rise, fall, turn the function of the advanced stage, can be tilted ballet stage plate, can accommodate three orchestra lifting music pool. Opera House stage adopts the "Pin" stage form, by a main stage, two side stage and a backstage composition, the stage has a push, pull, ascending, descending, turn five functions, can quickly switch the set. Among them, the main stage has six lifting platforms, which can be lifted as a whole or individually. Stage left and right side of the stage have 6 sets of lateral movement of the car platform, through the main stage elevator interchange position, you can move to change the scene. After the stage below 15 meters from the ground, there is a ballet stage board stored, the main stage lifting platform down, the ballet stage can be moved to the main stage platform for ballet performances. The platform is made of Oregon wood and uses a three-layer structure to increase flexibility and protect the ballerina's toes. This is also the largest area of seamless, specialized ballet stage panels in the country, and the stage can be tilted up to 5.7 degrees. Due to the height of the dome the stage and part of the auditorium are located on the ground floor. The height of the roof above the stage is 32 meters. Booms, light bridges, light bridges are suspended in the air by wire ropes. 61 motorized booms, 78 rail single-point cranes, 24 free single-point cranes, light bridges, light bridges, light bridges, light hangers will be 1,588 lamps and lanterns used for performances above the Opera House stage, the lighting response is fast, and can be transformed into shapes in a few seconds. There are also more than 60 booms and curtains on top of the stage to create different performance scenes. The 120-square-meter music pool can accommodate a 90-piece three-pipe orchestra, or it can be raised to the level of the auditorium to become an auditorium. In the pool, also specially designed for the conductor of the special elevator, the conductor can be in this special way out, curtain call. The Opera House has installed a curved metal mesh on the wall, so that the sound can penetrate through, while the wall behind the metal mesh is polygonal, thus forming a visual arc and auditory space polygonal, achieving a perfect combination of architectural acoustics and theater aesthetics, with a reverberation time of 1.6 seconds, which is in line with the requirements for performances of operas and dance dramas, etc. The Opera House is equipped with six single dressing rooms, which are designed specifically for conductors. The Opera House has 6 single dressing suites, 6 single and double dressing rooms, 18 medium dressing rooms, 2 orchestra conductor's resting suites, 6 large dressing rooms for the orchestra, and 8 practice piano rooms.
Opera House Stage Dimensions
Width of the stage opening: 18.6M; Height of the stage opening: 14M Width of the stage opening: 32.6M; Depth of the stage opening: 32.6M Clear height of the stage opening: 32M; Width of the stage opening on the left and right: 21.6M; Depth of the stage opening on the left and right: 25.8M Width of the stage opening on the back stage: 24.6M; Depth of the stage opening on the back stage: 23.6M
[Edit this section Concert Hall
The Concert Hall of the National Grand Theater is located on the east side of the Opera House, which mainly performs large-scale symphonies and folk music, as well as other forms of musical performances. Concert Hall auditorium around the stage, with a pool seat first floor and the second floor of the building seat, *** there are 1,859 auditorium (including the chorus area). Recital stage is located in the audience hall on one side, the concert stage width of 24 meters, 15 meters deep, can accommodate 120 people of the orchestra to play. Recital stage with 3 elevators, in front of the stage with a piano elevator. The digital walls around the perimeter are like standing piano keys, whose dimensions and shapes are precisely calculated by mathematical theories, so that the sound is evenly and gently diffused and reflected. Behind the concert stage there is an auditorium chorus area for a 180-person choir. The pipe organ in the concert hall is the largest in China, with 94 stops and 6,500 pipes. It comes from the German organ building family - Johannes Klaas, the same family as the famous Cologne Cathedral organ, which can meet the needs of different genres of works performed. The ceiling of the concert hall, irregularly shaped white reliefs like a piece of undulating sand dunes, but also like the beach washed by the waves, conducive to the spread of sound. In order to achieve acoustic perfection, in the ceiling of the following also hangs a tortoise back shape of the centralized anti-sound board, its role is to scatter the sound in all directions. The top of the concert hall, the walls, the floor, the stage, the seats and the organ are harmoniously matched with the color tone, everywhere conveying the extraordinary temperament of the music hall, with a reverberation time of 2.2 seconds, realizing the perfect combination of architectural aesthetics and acoustic aesthetics. The concert hall is equipped with 2 orchestra conductor's resting suites, 2 single dressing suites, 4 single dressing rooms, 6 medium dressing rooms, 7 large dressing rooms for orchestra and chorus, 10 practice rooms and 1 organ practice room.
[edit]Drama Theatre
The Drama Theatre is the most ethnic theater of the National Grand Theatre, which creates a theater atmosphere with Chinese characteristics. The Drama Theater is mainly used for operas (including Beijing Opera and various local operas), dramas and national songs and dances. The auditorium has one floor of the pool and three floors of the building,**** with 957 auditoriums (excluding the music pool). The theater has the world's most advanced theater stage, the stage from the frame stage to the telescopic stage can be changed in the form of the main stage, left, right auxiliary stage and back stage. The main stage is equipped with a "drum cylinder" turntable, consisting of 13 lifting blocks and 2 lifting platforms, which can be lifted as a whole or individually. This form of drum cylinder turntable is the only one of its kind in the world, and it can achieve the stage effect of rotating while lifting and lowering. The unique outstretched stage lip design is very much in line with the characteristics of traditional Chinese theater performances. The theater is equipped with 5 single dressing suites, 8 medium dressing rooms and 3 large dressing rooms, an orchestra conductor's resting suite, 3 large dressing rooms for the orchestra, and 4 practice piano rooms.
[edit]Small Theater
The Small Theater is located in the National Grand Theater, west of the south gate, **** there are 556 seats for the audience, providing chamber music, small solo recitals, small theater drama, modern dance and other performances. The overall color style of the small theater is fresh and elegant. The white embossed ceiling, MLS sound diffusion wall, and partition wall with thermal and acoustic insulation effects are all tailor-made to make the sound diffuse and reflect evenly and softly, and to emphasize the natural human voice effect. The small theater adopts an end stage, which consists of two lifting platforms that can be raised and lowered as a whole or separately as needed. Behind the stage of the two walls - soundproof wall and floor-to-ceiling toughened glass wall, although it seems ordinary, but the "organ clever", these two walls can be folded to the left and right ends of the contraction, to be completely open after an area of more than 500 square meters of outdoor sunken plaza like a The outdoor sunken plaza with an area of more than 500 square meters is like a back garden. National Grand Theater stage outdoor plaza can be used as the background of the performance, but also directly as a stage into the performance, indoor and outdoor combination not only greatly broaden the stage, so that the performance form more flexible and diverse, but also to the artistic creators to provide a greater imagination and play the space of the mini-theater **** with an audience of seats 556 seats, of which the motorized retractable bleachers 14 rows of 411 seats, 5 rows of movable chairs 145 seats, which can be flexibly adjusted according to the play. The theater has 556 seats, of which 14 rows of electric retractable stands total 411 seats and 5 rows of movable seats total 145 seats. Small theater lighting, sound equipment advanced, can fully meet the needs of the current performance positioning. It is also equipped with 6 dressing rooms and a piano room.
[Edit paragraph]Supporting facilities
The theater is equipped with a full range of theater facilities, *** there are five rehearsal halls, located between the three theaters, can be **** can also be used separately. Comprehensive rehearsal hall can be used for comprehensive rehearsals and observation rehearsals; two in the rehearsal hall for dance and opera martial arts use, the floor has a good elasticity; a dedicated orchestra rehearsal, the hall reverberation time can be adjusted; the two small rehearsal halls are mainly used for divisional rehearsals. Theaters are also equipped with dressing rooms, conductor's lounge, piano practice rooms, actors' waiting areas, dressing rooms, costume ironing rooms, props rooms, actors' lounges and other supporting facilities. Among them, there are 72 ordinary dressing rooms, 18 VIP dressing rooms, 23 piano practice rooms, 10 VIP rooms and 5 rehearsal rooms. The stage technical rooms are equipped with sound control room, lighting control room, dimmer equipment room, sound equipment room, camera room and so on. Theatre has a centralized audio-visual production center, a large recording studio, a simultaneous recording studio, as well as television broadcasting machine room and audio-visual post-production room. Theatre has a large painted scenery room, set set hanging and painted scenery equipment, but also has a set, props refurbishment room and set warehouse, as well as for the container transportation with the lifting platform 2. Inside the National Theatre, in addition to the three major professional theaters and a small experimental theater, there are also underwater galleries, exhibition halls, olive halls, library and information centers, press rooms, rooftop activities, souvenir stores, cafes and other activity areas.
[edit]Interior Facilities
The main building of the National Grand Theater consists of the external enclosure and the internal opera house, concert hall, theater and public **** halls and supporting rooms. On the ground floor are located three buildings: the Opera House, the Concert Hall and the Theater, which are separated from each other by a roadway and connected to each other by suspended walkways, as if the ground floor building on the water surface were a giant shell that covers, shelters, surrounds and illuminates all the halls and passages. The reflection of the buildings in the water forms the exterior view of the Grand Theater. The main building of the National Grand Theater is surrounded by an artificial lake, which is surrounded by a cultural and leisure square composed of large green areas. The artificial lake covers an area of 35,500 square meters, the depth of the artificial lake is 40 centimeters, 35,000 square meters of the entire pool is divided into 22 compartments, divided into compartments designed to facilitate maintenance, but also able to save water, but also conducive to safety. Each cell is relatively independent, but the appearance of the overall consistency. In order to ensure that the water in the pool "does not freeze in winter and does not grow algae in summer," a set of water circulation system called "centralized liquid cooling and heating source environmental system control. The NCPA structure consists of three functional areas. The North Entrance, the underground garage; functional areas including the Opera House, Drama Theater, Concert Hall, etc.; and the South Entrance, restaurants, machine rooms and other service areas.
[edit]Audience
There will be air-conditioning delivery holes under each seat in the audience. When the audience is watching the performance, they can't feel the airflow but enjoy the comfort brought by the air conditioner. And the lower air supply design regulates the air temperature within the height of two meters above the ground, compared with the traditional central air conditioning to regulate the temperature of the entire theater, not only greatly save energy, but also does not produce the kind of noise of the central air conditioning. In addition, the seats are equipped with an anechoic device, even if the audience left the folding chair, it will not make a sound.
[Edit paragraph]The National Grand Theater of the most
- the world's largest dome The National Grand Theater shell steel structure weighs 6,475 tons, the east-west long axis span of 212.2 meters, is currently the world's largest dome. -World's Deepest Building The deepest part of the underground of the National Grand Theater is -32.5 meters, equivalent to the depth of 10 floors dug into the ground, making it the deepest building in Beijing. -Asia's Largest Pipe Organ The pipe organ in the Concert Hall*** has 6,500 pipes of articulation and is the largest pipe organ in Asia, costing 30 million yuan.
[edit]Transportation Route
Bus line: No.1, No.4, No.5, No.10, No.20, No.37, No.52, No.728, No.802, get off at Tiananmen West Station. Subway line: Beijing Subway Line 1, Tiananmen West Station, Exit C.
[edit]Reveal the National Grand Theater - winter pool water does not freeze
Phenomenon
Winter National Grand Theater pool water does not freeze! Winter in Beijing, the National Grand Theater for the first time for the public to open the "International Performance Season" prelude ...... January in Beijing is the coldest season of the year: the night outdoor temperature will generally be below zero degrees, many parts of the lake in Beijing have already formed a thick layer of ice! However, strangely enough, the lake around the Grand Theater shows no sign of freezing!
Reason
On the National Grand Theater artificial lake design, early, Paul Andrews, the temperament of the romantic, elegant French designer once had an idea. He intended that after the lake freezes in winter, the huge circular ice surface with a total area of 35,000 square meters will be turned into a natural ice rink for the public to play. At the same time, the white ring-shaped ice rink, and the ice to enjoy the pleasure of the people, but also become a bright landscape in the winter season, more highlighting the artistic flavor of the Grand Theater. However, the romantic conception is irreconcilable with the reality of the contradiction. After careful study found that the French designer's design program and the reality of two conflicts. First of all, the use of this pool skating is a relatively high risk of sports, located in the heart of Beijing National Grand Theater, of course, the safety index should be put in the first place; Secondly, a more practical problem is that the opening of the rink need to be replaced accordingly with ice skates, storage of goods and other ancillary facilities, which for the overall style of the National Grand Theater and the surrounding environment has caused a certain amount of damage. So finally had to give up this program. Since the frozen lake is not beautiful and can not be utilized, then we must find a way to ensure that a pool of lake water in all seasons, so that the "lake reflecting the Pearl" aesthetic image of the people.
Principle
After a period of thinking and research, the experts adopted a set of devices called "Centralized Liquid Cooling and Heating Environmental System" to ensure that the ideal of "the lake reflecting the Pearl" becomes a reality throughout the year. The basic structure of this device is from the groundwater part and the artificial lake part of the water pumped out of a part of their respective pipelines in the cycle, the two pipelines in the wall are interlaced in a spiral, so that both the temperature can be transferred to each other, but not because of the direct exchange of water caused by waste, pollution. This device so that the water temperature in the artificial lake is not too cold or too hot, winter will not be too cold and ice, summer will not be too hot and long algae, two birds with one stone.
Tour of the National Grand Theater
When you come to the Grand Theater, you will enjoy the magnificent architecture of the Grand Theater and feel the strong artistic atmosphere brought by the thematic exhibitions; at the same time, the richly-stocked Resource Center will create a unique artistic experience for you. During your leisure time, the gallery of fine arts will make you feel the perfect combination of art and quality; the elegant café will bring you an extraordinary taste experience.
Visiting Programs
Art Exhibitions: The National Grand Theater hosts a variety of art exhibitions throughout the year, and the exhibition area and the theater's architectural environment blend together and reflect each other, bringing you a beautiful artistic experience. Theme Activities: The National Grand Theater regularly holds a variety of theme activities, public **** space performance, theme performances, etc. to let you fully feel the artistic atmosphere. 2009 July 3 to August 23, the National Grand Theater will hold a 45-day "Into the Hall of Art - National Grand Theater Summer Elegant Art Experience Activity". The NCPA will organize the 45-day "Into the Hall of Arts - NCPA Summer Elegant Art Experience Program". Theater facilities and landscape: You can not only enjoy the beautiful "Pearl on the Water" landscape of the Grand Theater, but also penetrate into the unique artistic architectural space: Opera House, Drama Theatre, Concert Hall, Underwater Promenade, Exhibition Hall, Olive Room, Art Resource Center, Press Room, Petal Room, and Fine Arts Gallery. Dining and shopping: the Grand Theater has an elegant and comfortable dining and tea-tasting environment full of artistic and romantic atmosphere, listening to the delicate music under the magnificent dome of the theater; the warm service will bring you a unique artistic feeling. Inside the Grand Theater, there is a gallery of art boutiques, providing you with customized art souvenir goods exclusively for the Grand Theater. The Grand Theater is equipped with a CD store, which sells top-notch elegant music records.
[Edit]Tickets
Adults 30 yuan per person, students and the disabled half-price