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Characteristics of the Attire of Gaoshan People
The male and female attire of Gaoshan people is colorful, gorgeous and exquisite. The most representative dress is the beadle. The most representative clothing is the shell bead clothing, also known as shell clothing. This kind of clothes is carved with shells or small round perforated bead grains, threaded with twine, according to the horizontal line arrangement sewn on the clothes, a bead clothes about 50,000 to 60,000 beads. In the past, it was generally used for the chiefs or patriarchs to make dresses. Now collectibles, for example, a collarless, sleeveless, unbuttoned lapel coat, coat length 100 centimeters, width 44 centimeters. Woven with a red pattern of the original white linen as a base, the body is decorated with shells ground and cut into beads strings, *** more than 2,700 rows, about more than 80,000 beads; the back is decorated with three rows of beads with brass bells, each row of four strings. Due to the large number of shell beads and the complexity of the handwork, it takes a long time to make, so it is very valuable. From the shape of the shell coat, the shell coat of the Atayal people is mostly white, dazzling, horizontally arranged neatly, giving people a pure, neat in a gorgeous feeling. Paiwan people's shellfish clothing is orange, yellow, green as a common color, in recent years some embellished shellfish to black, dark yellow mostly, more detailed workmanship, more patterns embellished portrait, beads more round and transparent, showing the pursuit of gorgeous style. Ancient shellfish bead clothing is flat and long, no luster, with a sense of obscurity, but the local people are precious and proud of the ancient bead clothing. This is related to the plain and simple folk style of worshipping ancestors. Shell clothing has a long history, China's earliest geographic work "Yugong" records: "island Yi flowers clothing, the syncopated basket weaving shell". If this refers to this kind of shell clothing, it has a history of more than 2,000 years. Shellfish can sometimes be used as currency, but more aesthetic appreciation value, which is a contribution of the Gaoshan people to the Chinese culture.
The clothing of the Gaoshan men is generally equipped with feather crowns, horn crowns, flower crowns. Generally speaking, women of the sister ethnic groups like to take flowers as their crowns, and it can be said to be a characteristic of Gaoshan men to take flowers as their crowns. Some tribal men also wear earrings, headdresses, foot ornaments, arm bracelets and bangles, making them look colorful. Alpine women's clothing is basically open-breasted, in the lapel and sleeves embroidered with delicate and beautiful geometric patterns. This kind of open-breasted clothing should be subtropical climate, can play the role of heat dissipation fast, cool, but also easy to show the upper body of the human body fullness, robust body type, so that people produce lively, free, charming feelings. Women's lower body wearing knee-length shorts, head beads, wrist bracelets, waist tie colorful belt, neck with flowers woven into a garland. Their hats are also very distinctive, and men wear rattan hats on the mountains. The top of the hat has a circular pattern, which is the symbol of the Yamei totem. The Takayama people like to wear tall silver helmets during rituals. The silver helmet is a record of wealth accumulation. They cast the silver coins exchanged in kind into silver circles and make them into helmets, which are passed from father to son and from son to grandson for generations. The heirs at least add a circle on the helmet, the son more silver helmets split into circles to be distributed to all the sons, on the basis of which new helmets are cast, and passed down through the generations in a continuous stream. Every holiday or new boat launch, people hold a variety of celebrations often with this silver helmet hat. This is a symbol of hard work and thrift and wealth. There are some differences in the costumes between the various tribes of the Alpine tribe. Clothing is a symbol of culture, is a national aesthetic characteristics of the externalization of the Alpine clothing has the pursuit of diversified colors and prefer bright gorgeous style.
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Cultural Crafts
Rope Weaving | Handmade Leather Sculpture
Cotton Painting | Ramen Hair
Chopsticks Sculpture | Cloisonné ...... >>
Characteristics of the Gaoshan Tribe The Gaoshan Tribe mainly resides in Taiwan Province of China, with a few scattered in the coastal areas of Fujian and Zhejiang on the mainland. The Gaoshan people have their own language, belonging to the Indonesian group of the South Island language family, which can be roughly divided into Qinhuai, Cao, and Paiwan
The Gaoshan people in ancient times took the naked as the beauty. They only used cloth to cover their shades and furs to surround their waists. But after contact with the Han culture, gradually formed men wearing long shirts and women wearing skirts, pay attention to the beauty of the dress. Clothing in addition to animal skin, tree bark, mostly with self-woven linen and colorful decorations. Men's clothing types, common in the north, sleeveless carcass, cloak, corset, belt; common in the middle of the buckskin undershirt, chest pocket, waist pocket, corset, black cloth skirt; common in the south of the lapel long-sleeved blouse, waist skirt, pants, black turban and so on. The types of women's clothing include short dresses and long skirts and long dresses and short garments. The Yami dress is simple, men cover their lower body with a dungaree and wear an undershirt on top; women usually wear an undershirt on top and a tube skirt underneath, and in winter they wrap their body with a square cloth.
The diet of the Alpine people is based on cereals and roots and tubers, generally corn, rice, potatoes and taro are commonly eaten, with mixed grains, wild vegetables and game. In the mountainous areas, corn and dry rice are the main foodstuffs, and in the plains, rice is the main foodstuff. With the exception of the Yami and Bunun, several other ethnic groups use rice as their daily staple food, supplemented by potatoes and miscellaneous grains. The Yamei living on Orchid Island eat taro, millet and fish as their staple food, while the Bunun eat millet, corn and yams (locally known as groundnuts) as their staple food. The people of Pingpu also specialize in fragrant rice and enjoy eating "Hundred Herb Paste" (the paste of deer intestines accompanied by salt). In the past, they used to squat and eat raw food, but now they are very sophisticated in eating, cooking and enjoying. The Gaoshan people are addicted to tobacco, alcohol, betel nut chewing.
Alpine vegetables from a wide range of sources, most rely on planting, a small amount of collection. The common ones are pumpkin, leek, radish, cabbage, potato, beans, chili, ginger and all kinds of mountain shoots and wild vegetables.
The Alpine people generally love to eat ginger, some directly with ginger dipped in salt as a dish; some pickled with salt and chili. The source of meat mainly relies on rearing pigs, cows and chickens, and in many areas fishing and hunting are also a supplement to daily meat consumption, especially for the Gaoshan people living in the mountains and forests, where captured prey is almost the main source of daily meat. There are many wild animals in the mountains and forests, such as wild boar, deer and monkeys, whose meat can be used in dishes.
Each of the ten ethnic groups of the Alpine people has its own unique food, which typical food: cured meat, the Alpine Atayal and Amis people store meat, of which the Atayal cured monkey meat and Amis cured venison and wild boar meat unique; smacking wine, the Alpine Paiwan people, the Bunun people brewed a kind of rice wine in the local method.
In the method of making staple food, most of the Gaoshan people like to boil rice into rice, or steam glutinous rice and cornmeal into cakes and patties.
Bunun people in the production of staple food, the pot of millet rice broken into paste to eat, Paiwan people like to use banana leaves rolled sticky millet, mixed with peanuts and meat, steamed as a festive delicacy, and go out hunting can also be brought. But as a hunting point to bring small, filling generally do not add salt and other savory seasonings.
When the Atayal people go hunting in the mountains, they like to use bananas as a filling wrapped in glutinous rice, and then wrapped in banana leaves, steamed and brought. Paiwan people like to mix groundnuts, wooden beans, taro stems and so on in one piece, boiled and eaten as rice. The Atayal people like to use cool water soaked in ginger or chili pepper as a drink. This drink is said to have the function of curing abdominal pain. In the past, when hunting in the mountains, there is the habit of drinking animal blood. Both men and women, are addicted to alcohol, generally drinking home brewed rice wine, such as corn wine, rice wine and potato wine.
Yamei people like to rice or porridge and taro, sweet potatoes mixed together and cooked as a staple. Outside the labor or travel, but also often dry taro or boiled sweet potatoes and glutinous rice products similar to dumplings as dry food. Paiwan and other ethnic hunting, do not bring pots, only with matches, the first stone base up, with dry firewood burning hot, and then put under the stone taro, groundnut, etc., to take the sand and soil cover on the stone, cooked and eaten. When you eat mustard first will be growing in the leaf restaurant down, rubbed with salt, put two or three days before eating, left in the ground mustard roots continue to grow.
Paiwan people do not eat dogs, snakes, cat meat, etc., eating fish is also a very unique method, usually in the fish, the place to take a slate hot, the fish on the slate baked into eight mature, sprinkle salt can be eaten. Paiwanese children are not allowed to eat eel, and even the heads of other fish are not allowed to eat, which is considered unlucky to eat the head of the fish.
In the past, the Gaoshan people lived in the mountains and water, nested in caves, or made bamboo thatch, and erected wooden houses. Now the type of housing has a wooden house, bamboo house, thatched roof, slate stone house, grass roof underground houses, etc., but pay close attention to the combination of modeling and practical. Most of them are rectangular or quadrangular, with doors and no windows.
Festivals, ceremonies, rituals and food customs: The Gaoshan people are bold and hospitable. Like to hold feasts and songs and dances on festivals or happy days ***. Every festival, are to kill pigs, slaughter cattle, wine feast. Bunun people at the end of the year, with a kind of eating "Xino" plant leaves, wrapped in glutinous rice ...... >>
The living habits of the Gaoshan people The Gaoshan people in ancient times to the beauty of the naked. They only used the cloth to cover the shade and the fur around the waist. But after contact with the Han culture, gradually formed men wearing long shirts and women with skirts, pay attention to the beauty of the dress. Clothing in addition to animal skin, tree bark, mostly with self-woven linen and colorful decorations. Men's clothing types, common in the north, sleeveless carcass, cloak, corset, belt; common in the middle of the buckskin undershirt, chest pocket, waist pocket, corset, black cloth skirt; common in the south of the lapel long-sleeved blouse, waist skirt, pants, black turban and so on. The types of women's clothing include short dresses and long skirts and long dresses and short garments. The Yami dress is simple, men cover their lower body with a dungaree and wear an undershirt on top; women usually wear an undershirt on top and a tube skirt underneath, and in winter they wrap their body with a square cloth.
The diet of the Alpine people is based on cereals and roots and tubers, generally corn, rice, potatoes and taro are commonly eaten, with mixed grains, wild vegetables and game. In the mountains, corn and dry rice are the main food, and in the plains, rice is the main food. Pingpu people also specialize in fragrant rice, like to eat "hundred grass paste" (deer intestines in the grass pulp accompanied by salt that is). In the past, the diet was squatting and raw food, and now the diet, cooking and enjoyment are very sophisticated. The Gaoshan people are addicted to tobacco, alcohol and betel nut chewing.
In the past, the Gaoshan people used to live in a cave by the mountain and the water, or they used to make bamboo huts and wooden huts. Now the type of housing has a wooden house, bamboo house, thatched roof, slate stone house, grass roof underground houses, etc., but pay close attention to the combination of modeling and practical. Most of them are rectangular or quadrangular, with doors and no windows.
The Gaoshan people also have the custom of body decoration such as tattooing the face, tattooing the body, chiseling the teeth, nephrite, piercing the ears, removing the hair, and bunching the abdomen, etc. The body decoration is generally for the purpose of adulthood, beauty, marriage, honoring and respecting the work.
The marriage of the Gaoshan people is monogamous and forbids consanguineous marriage. Men and women are mostly free love union, such as the Atayal people to whistle to show love, some Amis women to the male family gifts to show their love for each other. Funeral form, the Atayal, Bunun, Cao people more house burial, burying the body under the bed of the deceased. Paiwan people, Yamei people line field burial, Amis people will be buried in the house before and after the open space, on the evil dead, all buried on the spot.
The Gaoshan people have many taboos: women pregnant, taboo knife and axe, can not eat apes, bobcats, pangolins and jatropha fruits, taboo twins; taboo to see snakes, bobcats, rats, cross the dead and their burial places; taboo to see the animal cross-tailed; forbidden to fart, sneeze, the same ***; taboo to eat the animal's head and tail; taboo on the man to contact the woman's special weaving, linen weaving, hoeing, and hogs; prohibit women from touching the man's special weapons, hunting equipment, will be buried on the spot. Special weapons, hunting equipment, clubs and so on
What are the traditional dishes of the Gaoshan people Gaoshan people - Taiwan Gaoshan people have the custom of eating "Lunar New Year's Vegetables". This is also called "mustard", and eating it is a sign of a long life. Some people add long vermicelli to the long life vegetables to symbolize immortality.
The Gaoshan people eat two to three meals a day, with rice, millet, taro, sweet potatoes, bananas and beans as the main food source, supplemented by hunted birds, animals, fish and collected wild vegetables.
Staple food is made into rice, porridge, cakes, cakes or patties, without the use of old grain, mostly wrapped in leaves millet, peanut kernels, animal meat steamed. Among them, the Ami people used to use the Chao Tian Pepper on the rice, Bunun people more millet into a rotten paste, Yamei people love to eat taro and sweet potatoes, Pingpu people often use the special "fragrant rice" cooking rice. The side dishes are usually pork, animal meat, pumpkin and potatoes, and they love mustard greens. The Paiwan people use betel nut shells to hold water for meat, and put in hot stones to cook the stone-cooked meat; the Amis people mix chicken, pig and animal meat to cook "mixed meat"; the Atayal people's "chili pepper and ginger water"; the Amis people's "salt-kneaded mustard"; the Bunun people's "mustard"; the Bunun people's "mustard"; and the Bunun people's "mustard". "The Bunun people's "rice with flowers wrapped in Xeno leaves", etc. are all creations. The tableware of the Alpine people is extremely simple, and they use bamboo or rattan fruits to hold rice, bamboo tubes to hold soup, and bamboo spoons, wooden spoons, and water cups to serve as cutlery. When they eat, they squat by the iron pot, holding the coconut shells and snail shells that contain rice, and grabbing the rice with their hands, which is somewhat similar to the grabbing rice in some countries in Southeast Asia. In recent years, they are also getting used to using chopsticks and bowls.
The Bunun people have bacon or jerky, dried vegetables and dried vegetables, but not a lot of them, if there is game or fish, they will make wine and boil meat, and invite friends and relatives to gather together.
The Peinan people have a richer variety of condiments, including salt, lard, brown sugar, honey, ginger. Chili peppers, etc., side dishes also added bacon and salted fish, but also pickled with mustard greens into pickles.
The Amis people often go to the creek to catch fish and shrimp in their spare time, fishing for river shells and crabs, cooked as a meal. They also enjoy a wide variety of fruits, including pomelo, breadfruit and coconut, in addition to the common ones.
The Yami people eat taro and potato as their staple food, and there are many varieties. According to statistics, there are 10 kinds of sweet potatoes, 8 kinds of yams, 9 kinds of black potatoes, and 8 kinds of water potatoes. Their fruit and forest horticulture is very developed, but vegetables are planted very little, so women and children have to often take wild plants and fruits and shellfish as food supplements.
The Pingpu people are the early influence of *** in the alpine tribe. 16th century *** arrived in Taiwan, rice became their staple food. History has recorded that the flavor of the rice of the Pingpu people is mellow and fragrant, and the aroma of the boiled rice does not diminish after two or three days, but due to the small area of cultivation, the yield is not high, and the seeds planted each year are only enough for their own family to eat for a year.
What are the specialties of the Gaoshan tribe? 30 points Roasted venison
150 words on the food that the Gaoshan people love to eat The diet of the Gaoshan people is based on cereals and roots and tubers, generally corn, rice, potatoes, taro as a regular food, with miscellaneous grains, wild vegetables, and game. The Pingpu people also specialize in the production of fragrant rice and like to eat "Bai Cao Paste" (the pulp of deer intestines accompanied by salt, which is eaten). In the old days, they used to squat and eat raw food, and their diet, cooking and enjoyment were very elaborate. The Alpine people generally love to eat ginger, and some of them use ginger dipped in salt as a dish; some use salt and chili peppers to pickle it. Each of the ten ethnic groups of the Gaoshan people has its own unique food, of which the typical food is cured meat.
Cultural Practices of the Gaoshan Tribe The diet of the Gaoshan Tribe is based on cereals and roots and tubers, generally corn, rice, potatoes and taro are commonly eaten, with miscellaneous grains, wild vegetables, and game. Corn and dry rice are the main food in the mountainous areas, while rice is the main food in the plains. Except for the Yami and the Bunun, several other ethnic groups use rice as their daily staple food, supplemented by potatoes and miscellaneous grains. The Yami living on Orchid Island eat taro, millet and fish as their staple food, while the Bunun eat millet, corn and yams (locally known as groundnuts) as their staple food. The people of Pingpu also specialize in fragrant rice, and enjoy eating "Hundred Herb Paste" (the pulp of deer intestines accompanied by salt). In the past, they used to squat and eat raw food, and their diet, cooking and enjoyment were very elaborate. The Alpine people are addicted to tobacco, alcohol and betel nut. In terms of staple food preparation, most of the Gaoshan prefer to cook rice or steam glutinous rice and cornmeal into cakes and patties. Vegetables of the Gaoshan ethnic group come from a wide range of sources, most of which are cultivated and a few are collected. The common ones are pumpkins, leeks, radishes, cabbages, potatoes, beans, chili peppers, ginger and various kinds of wild vegetables. The Alpine people generally love to eat ginger, some directly use ginger dipped in salt as a dish; some use salt with chili peppers to pickle. Meat comes mainly from pigs, cows, and chickens that are raised, and in many areas fishing and hunting are also a supplement to daily meat consumption, especially among the Gaoshan who live in the mountains and forests, where captured prey is almost the main source of daily meat. Each of the ten ethnic groups of the Gaoshan has its own unique food, among which the typical foods are: cured meat, a method of storing meat by the Atayal and Amis of the Gaoshan, of which the Atayal cured monkey meat and the Amis cured venison and wild boar are unique; smacking wine, a kind of rice wine brewed in the local way by the Paiwan and Bunun of the Gaoshan. Bunun people in the production of staple food, the pot of millet rice broken into paste to eat, Paiwan people like to use banana leaves rolled sticky millet, mixed with peanuts and animal meat, steamed as a festive delicacy, can also be taken on hunting trips. But as a hunting to bring the snacks, filling generally do not add salt and other savory seasonings. When the Atayal people go hunting in the mountains, they like to use bananas as the filling wrapped in glutinous rice and then wrapped in banana leaves, and then take them to the mountains after steaming. Paiwan people like to mix groundnuts, wooden beans, taro stems and so on in one piece, boiled and eaten as rice. The Atayal people like to use cool water soaked in ginger or chili pepper as a drink. This drink is said to have the function of curing abdominal pain. In the past, when hunting in the mountains, there is the habit of drinking animal blood. Both men and women are addicted to alcohol, generally drinking home-made rice wine, such as corn wine, rice wine and potato wine. Yamei people like to rice or porridge and taro, sweet potatoes mixed together and cooked as a staple food. Outside labor or travel, but also often to dry taro or boiled sweet potatoes and glutinous rice products similar to dumplings for dry food. Paiwan and other ethnic hunting, do not bring pots, only with matches, the first stone base up, with dry firewood burning hot, and then in the stone under the taro, groundnut, etc., take the sand and soil cover on the stone, cooked and eaten. When you eat mustard, you will first eat the growing leaves, knead them with salt and let them rest for two or three days before you eat them, and the mustard roots in the ground will continue to grow. Paiwan people do not eat dogs, snakes, cat meat, etc., the way to eat fish is also very unique, usually in the fish, take a stone plate on the spot to burn hot, put the fish on the stone plate baked into eight mature, sprinkled with salt can be eaten. Paiwanese children are not allowed to eat eel, and even the heads of other fish are not allowed to eat, which is considered unlucky. Amis people in making meat dishes, like to cut the meat into pieces, inserted bamboo sticks, cooked in a large pot, the whole family around the pot, each person with a small basket of rattan rice, *** with a spoon to scoop the vegetables, one hand to grab the rice, one hand to take the meat to eat. During the rice-planting season, they like to catch small frogs in the paddy fields, bring them back to their homes, wash them with water and cook them. Some of the Amis, Taiya and other ethnic groups also eat raw fish. They also like to hit the hunt to kill a good skin, add salt and half-cooked millet with pickling, for a few months to eat. Preservation of food is often pickled, dried in the sun and roasted in several ways, to pickle one or two years of pork and fish for the top dishes. In the past, the Gaoshan people generally did not drink boiled water and did not have the habit of drinking tea. The traditional clothing of the Gaoshan people is colorful, and the style of clothing varies according to ethnic groups. There are four types of clothing styles for Gaoshan men: one is the northern type represented by the Atayal, the Saisiyal and the northern Amis. The first is the northern type represented by the Atayal, the Saisiyat and the northern Amis, which is characterized by the use of two pieces of linen cloth sewn together to form a sleeveless tunic; the second is the central type represented by the Cao and the Bunun. It is characterized by the use of deerskin as the material for clothing, with a furred deerskin undershirt and a deerskin shawl; third, the southern type represented by the Paiwan, the Benan, the Rukai and the southern Amis. It is characterized by a long-sleeved blouse with a lapel, a half-waisted skirt at the waist, or a wide belt with the ends hanging down as a front skirt; and fourthly, the Yamei type of the Yamei people on Lanyu Island. They only wear a thong belt made of thick cloth about three or four inches wide to cover their lower body. The types of clothing of the Gaoshan women include short dresses and long skirts and long dresses and short garments. There are three general types: first, the Atayal, Saisiat, Cao and A ...... >>
Dietary habits of the five ethnic groups and specialty foods Mongolians - New Year's Eve, the family sits around the fireplace in the bag, and after offering "New Year's Eve wine" to the elders, they eat roasted leg of lamb and boiled dumplings. Alpine people - The Alpine people in Taiwan have the custom of eating "Lunar New Year's Vegetables". This is also called "mustard greens" and is eaten as a sign of longevity. Some people add long, long vermicelli to the dish to symbolize longevity. Manchu - The family feast on the 30th day of the new year is very sumptuous and grand. The staple food is glutinous rice flour or into the powder wrapped dumplings, roasted, bean buns, etc.; traditional New Year's Eve dishes are delicious blood sausage, boiled white meat and unique blanch white meat with pickled vegetables, and symbolize the auspiciousness of the fish dish is more indispensable. Zi time also eat a meal to send the old and welcome the new fresh meat dumplings. Zhuang - the night of the 30th of the year to cook the first day of the whole day of rice, to show that the next year to harvest. This rice is called "dumplings", some up to feet long, weighing five or six pounds. Lahu - every New Year's Eve must do glutinous rice, which has a pair of particularly large, said to symbolize the sun and the moon, to pray for a new year of wind and rain, fruitful. Dong people - early in the morning on the first day, from the pond to get a few big and fresh carp, fried, deep-fried, roasted, stewed, on the table, plus a plate of aromatic pickled fish, the whole table dishes to fish. Dong family members say that eating fish in the Spring Festival is an omen of a new year of good fortune and prosperity (fish), abundant harvests, and surplus money and grain. Li people - for the Spring Festival, every family slaughters pigs and chickens, prepares delicious food and wine, and the whole family sits around to eat "New Year's dinner", singing "New Year's song" during the meal. On the first or second day of the Lunar New Year, people hunt collectively, and the prey is given to the first shooter who hits the prey, and half of the rest is divided equally among all, with pregnant women getting two shares of the prey. Jingpo people - during the Spring Festival, every family brews water wine and toasts to their elders. Daur - live on both sides of the Heilongjiang and Nenjiang rivers. The New Year's Eve meal is steamed yellow rice cake, and early in the morning on the first day of the year, people paying New Year's greetings to each other snatch the rice cake as soon as they enter the door, in order to pray for the improvement of their lives year after year. Wa - In addition to saying goodbye to each other for the first time on New Year's Day, they also give glutinous rice balls, sugar cane and plantain to wish for harmony, sweetness and good family life. Tujia - On the table of the family reunion dinner, there must be lumps of meat and combined vegetables. *** The ethnic people - the annual feast foods include: "Pulo" made of rice, mutton, raisins, etc., "Pitir Manda" (buns) made of flour, mutton, onions, etc., "Pitir Manda" cooked with bone-in mutton, and "Pitir Manda" (buns) made with bone-in mutton, and "Pitir Manda" cooked with bone-in mutton. In addition, there are "Gesi" (hand-held mutton) made from boned mutton, "Lanman" (stretched noodles) made from dough, and "Ququr" (spicy and sour), which is similar to Chinese wontons. In addition, there are many kinds of traditional cakes and snacks, such as "Aisimsanza" (deep-fried noodle cake in a disk), "Yaimaza" (deep-fried noodle cake in a lace), and "Bohusak" (deep-fried jipi), "Shamu Boza" (deep-fried deep-fried noodle cake), "Kayikka" (colorful deep-fried noodle cake) and so on.
What is the culture of the Alpine people The diet of the Alpine people is based on cereals and roots and tubers, generally corn, rice, potatoes, taro as the usual food, with miscellaneous grains, wild vegetables, and game. In the mountainous areas, corn and dry rice are the staple foods, and in the plains, rice is the staple food. With the exception of the Yami and Bunun, several other ethnic groups use rice as their daily staple food, supplemented by potatoes and miscellaneous grains. The Yami living on Orchid Island eat taro, millet and fish as their staple food, while the Bunun eat millet, corn and yams (locally known as groundnuts) as their staple food. The people of Pingpu also specialize in fragrant rice, and enjoy eating "Hundred Herb Paste" (the pulp of deer intestines accompanied by salt). In the past, they used to squat and eat raw food, and their diet, cooking and enjoyment were very elaborate. The Gaoshan people are addicted to tobacco, alcohol and betel nut.
There are four types of clothing and ornaments for men of the Gaoshan nationality: one is the northern type represented by the Atayal, the Saixia and the northern Amis. It is characterized by two pieces of linen sewn together into a sleeveless tunic; the second is the central type represented by the Cao and Bunun people. It is characterized by the use of deerskin as the material for clothing, with a furred deerskin undershirt and a deerskin shawl; third, the southern type represented by the Paiwan, the Benan, the Rukai and the southern Amis. It is characterized by a long-sleeved blouse with a lapel, a half-waisted skirt at the waist, or a wide belt with the ends hanging down as a front skirt; and fourthly, the Yamei type of the Yamei people on Lanyu Island. They only wear a thong belt made of thick cloth about three or four inches wide to cover their lower body.
The types of clothing of the Gaoshan women include short clothes and long skirts and long clothes and short garments. There are three general types: first, the short dress and long skirt type of the Atayal, Saixia, Cao and Amis; second, the narrow-sleeved long dress type of the Bunun, Rukai and Paiwan; and third, the half *** type of the Yamei. The upper part of the body is often covered only with an undershirt, *** and a loincloth is worn only horizontally. In winter, a square piece of cloth is wrapped around the body from the left shoulder and knotted on the left shoulder.
In the past, the Gaoshan people lived by the mountains and the water, nesting in caves, or making bamboo huts and wooden houses. Residential types of wooden houses, bamboo houses, thatched roofs, slate stone houses, grass roof underground houses, etc., but pay close attention to the combination of modeling and practical. Most of them are rectangular or quadrangular, with doors and no windows.
The Gaoshan people also retain the beliefs and rituals of the original religion. They worship elves, and the belief in different gods around, there are the God of Heaven, the God of the creation of the universe, the God of nature, the Secretary God and other elves and monsters. The rituals include agricultural festivals (including cultivation festivals, sowing festivals, weeding festivals, mowing festivals, new grain in the barn festivals, etc., with the main one being the corn festival), hunting festivals, fishing festivals, and ancestral spirit festivals, etc. Witchcraft was prevalent. Witchcraft was prevalent, including divination methods such as bird divination, dream divination, water divination, bamboo divination, ladybird divination, rice divination, etc., and there were many forms of witch books. Due to the influence of Han Chinese immigrants and Dutch and Spanish colonizers, the religious beliefs of the Gaoshan people are complicated. The Han Chinese brought Buddhism, Western missionaries brought Christianity and Catholicism. These several religions have taken root in the Gaoshan masses, the religious life of the Gaoshan people to form the original religious beliefs, Buddhism and Western religions, such as the intertwining of the situation.