Tibetan New Year's Eve, people dressed in colorful costumes, wearing strange masks, with oboe, conch, drums, music, to perform a grand and grand "Jumping God will". The young men dance and sing to welcome the new year and to drive away evil spirits. To the New Year's morning, the women will go to the back of the "auspicious water", wishing a new year of good luck.
Yi Ethnicity The Yi compatriots choose their New Year's festivals according to the Yi calendar. Some of them celebrate the Spring Festival with the local Han Chinese. In some areas, Yi compatriots set up pines in front of their doors and pave the ground with pine needles to indicate that they are free from disasters and calamities. In other areas, pigs and goats are killed and eaten during the festival, and people visit each other and give each other meat and buns. On the morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year, the first thing you do when you get up is to carry water home. They compare the weight of a bowl of water with that of yesterday's. If the water is heavy in the New Year, it means that there has been enough rain this year.
The Zhuang People The Zhuang compatriots, who live in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangdong, celebrate the Spring Festival at the same time as the Han Chinese. On the evening of New Year's Eve, the rice eaten on the day of the festival is called "New Year's Rice", and in some areas it is called "Eat Lijie", which means "to live in the twilight of the year" in the Zhuang language. It is an omen of a good agricultural harvest in the coming year. Some also packaged with more than a foot long, five or six pounds of heavy alkali, a family with a small population a meal is not finished! Early in the morning on the first day of the New Year, before dawn, people get up, put on new clothes, firecrackers to welcome the new, women are scrambling to the river or wells, "draw new water", to start a new year of boiling life.
Buyi The whole family stays up all night on New Year's Eve at the watering hole. As soon as the sun comes up, the girls scramble to fetch water. Whoever is the first to pick up the first load of water is the hardest working and happiest girl.
Manchu The Manchus are divided into four banners: red, yellow, blue and white. Spring Festival, the red flag people in the door posted red hanging flag, yellow flag people in the door posted yellow hanging flag, blue flag people in the door posted blue hanging flag, white flag people in the door posted white hanging flag. These hanging flags have beautiful patterns and bright colors, symbolizing an auspicious start to the year.
Dong Dong Dong compatriots in Guizhou, Hunan, during the Spring Festival, the prevalence of a "playing Dong New Year" (also known as the Lusheng will be) of mass activities. This activity is similar to the Han Chinese "reunion", but more joyful and enthusiastic than "reunion". This kind of activity is generally organized by two villages **** with the agreement. The two teams officially hold a Lusheng song and dance competition in the square. At this time, the audience from both villages, accompanied by music, dancing and enjoying themselves.
Bai people Yunnan Bai compatriots on New Year's Eve, there is a kind of celebration called "put high up". The so-called "put high rise" is to use the whole of the large bamboo, in the bamboo joints loaded with gunpowder, ignited after the entire large bamboo can be collapsed into the sky hundreds of feet, to become a veritable "high rise". Some areas of the Bai compatriots and Miao, Zhuang, as from the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival, are in the "embroidered ball" activities. Where the catch can not catch the embroidered ball, to give each other souvenirs, many times lost the ball and redemption of souvenirs, that is, expressed willingness to allow love.
Tujia Spring Festival, the Tujia people to hold a grand hand-waving dance. Hand-waving dance is a popular ancient dance of the Tujia people, including hunting, military, farming, banquets and other more than 70 dance movements, rhythmic, beautiful, simple dance, healthy mood, without props, with distinctive ethnic characteristics and a strong sense of life.
The Dai People The Water Splashing Festival is the New Year's festival of the Dai people, and it is the biggest traditional program of the Dai people in the year. It is the biggest traditional program of the Dai people in a year. The day of the beginning of the rainy season is designated as the "Water Splashing Festival". During the three or four days of the festival, people splash water on each other to wash away the old dirt on their bodies and bless the new year with happiness and peace.
Li people living on Hainan Island Li people, whenever the Spring Festival comes, every family will slaughter pigs and chickens, set up a sumptuous delicacies and wine, the family sat together to eat "New Year's dinner"; the whole family will also be singing "New Year's song". On the first day, the second day, the village of young and strong men, but also held a "Spring Festival hunting". This day's prey village **** enjoy. Interestingly, in the division of the prey, the first half of all the prey to the first hit the prey shooter; the other half by everyone equally. Pregnant women can get two shares, and passers-by who happen to meet, can also get a share.
Lisu People The Lisu people call the annual festival "Qash", most of them do indica rice, glutinous rice and water wine, the first mortar pounded out of the poop put a little in the peaches, plums and other fruit trees, wishing the coming year fruitful. The Lisu people in the Nujiang region of Yunnan Province first feed salt to their oxen to show respect for their labor. Young men and women like to hold target shooting competitions in the Spring Festival. The girls hang their embroidered purses on bamboo poles, and the purses are shaken from side to side, inviting the young men to shoot, and whoever shoots down the purses first, the girls will send the wine as a prize to whoever is in front of their mouths.
Lahu On the night of New Year's Eve, the whole family of Lahu compatriots will take a bath and clean themselves, and make good food for the following day. In the food, special attention is paid to glutinous rice poop, in addition to eating, always give a little to the cattle to eat, off in the plow, hoe, machete and other farm equipment on a little, in order to reward its year to cooperate with the master, and wish to create more wealth in the new year.
Daur People living in the northeast on both sides of the Nenjiang River Daur, the first morning of the first day of the first month of the Lunar Calendar, young men and women dress up, first to the elders, toast, salute, and then pay tribute to the New Year, each family is prepared to have steamed cake, to pay tribute to the New Year's Eve, once the door to the steamed cake, it is said to have eaten, the production and life are able to "high year".
Mulao Tribe From the first to the fifteenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar, men, women and children of the Mulao ethnic group dress up in festive costumes, and dozens, hundreds or even thousands of people gather on the slopes of the hills or in the racecourses to sing songs about their labor, their lives and their love.
The only festival of the Dulong people is the "Kachuowo" festival, which takes place in the winter months. The most solemn ceremony is the cow sacrifice to heaven. On this day, the chief of the clan ties the ox to a stake in the center of the square. A young woman hangs a chain on the bull's horn, and then a brave and strong young man, holding a sharp bamboo spear, stabs the bull in the armpit until the bull falls down and dies. At this moment, people will dance "cow pot Zhuang" dance, and then share the beef.
Oroqen Oroqen compatriots in the Northeast, the Spring Festival morning, the first in the family according to the size of the generation pouring wine, the younger to the elders kowtow, the younger generation is to invite each other, the second and third horse racing. The first fifteen days of the first month of delicious food. On the morning of the 16th day of the first month, the activity of smearing each other's black faces is carried out. Young people should kowtow first when they wipe the black face of the elderly.
Herzhe Spring Festival, Herzhe language for the "Fo Feshix", that is, the meaning of the New Year's Eve. People put on the hat ears, collar, cuffs, pants legs, aprons, shoes embroidered with beautiful patterns, geometric patterns and birds and flowers and other lace on the animal skin and other clothing. During the New Year's festivals, the average family makes a "fire feast" or a cake made from a wild fruit called "Bird cherry," which is also filled with fish and animal meat. To treat the guest of honor, it is used to kill the live fish, or roast the fish strips, with this "Taraha" hospitality.
Keno People The Keno people, who live in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, play cymbals with a betel nut-chewing old man and gongs with an old woman wearing a big pointy hat, and then beat the drums by Zhouba (the father of the village), with young men and women dancing with their bare hands in a circle. Here are the customs around the dust
"Lunar New Year 24, dust sweeping the house", according to "Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals", China in the era of Yao and Shun on the Spring Festival custom of dust sweeping. According to folklore: because the "dust" and "Chen" consonant, dust sweeping in the New Year has "in addition to the meaning of Chen Bu Xin", the intention is to all the poor luck, bad luck, swept out the door. This custom is a symbol of people's desire to break away from the old and bring in the new and their prayers for the old and the new. Whenever the Spring Festival comes, every household has to clean up the environment, wash all kinds of appliances, dismantle the bedding curtains, sprinkle clean the courtyard, dust dust cobwebs, dredge the nullahs and ditches. Everywhere overflowing with joyful health, clean and welcome the new year's happy atmosphere.
Spring Festival couplets
Spring Festival couplets, also known as door-to-door, spring stickers, couplets, couplets, peach symbols, etc., it is neat, couplets, concise, sophisticated text depicting the background of the times, expressing the best wishes, is China's unique form of literature. Every Spring Festival, whether urban or rural, every family should select a large red Spring Festival couplets pasted on the door, for the festival to increase the festive atmosphere. This custom began in the Song Dynasty, began to prevail in the Ming Dynasty, to the Qing Dynasty, the Spring Festival couplets of ideology and artistry have been greatly improved, Liang Zhangzhu prepared the Spring Festival couplets monograph "Threshold Lian series of words" on the origins of the couplets and various types of works of the characteristics of the discourse.
There are many types of spring couplets, which, according to their place of use, can be divided into door centers, frame pairs, horizontal phi, spring strips, and doufang. "Door" in the upper center of the door panel; "frame" on the left and right door frame; "Phi" on the horizontal wood of the door winks; "Chunzhi "according to different contents, posted in the corresponding place;" bucket catty "also called" door leaf "for the square diamond, more in the furniture, shadow wall.
Pasted window and upside down "Fu" word
In the folk people also like to put a variety of paper cutouts on the window - window. Window flowers not only set a festive atmosphere, but also decorative, appreciative and practical in one. Paper cutting in China is a very popular folk art, for thousands of years by the people's favorite, because it is mostly affixed to the window, so it is also known as "window flowers". Window flowers with its unique generalization and exaggeration of the auspicious events, good wishes expressed in the best possible way, will be decorated with festivals red hot and rich.
At the same time as the Spring Festival couplets, some people have to put large and small "Fu" characters on the doors, walls and lintels of their houses. The Spring Festival sticker "Fu" character, is China's folk custom from a long time. The character "福" refers to good fortune and good luck, and it expresses people's desire for a happy life and their wish for a better future. In order to more fully reflect this yearning and wishes, some people simply stick the word "Fu" upside down, indicating that "happiness has arrived" and "good fortune has arrived". Folk will also be "Fu" word fine as a variety of patterns, patterns have the star, longevity, carp jump Dragon Gate, the five valleys, the dragon and phoenix, and so on.
New Year's paintings
The Spring Festival hanging stickers New Year's paintings in urban and rural areas is also very common, thick black colorful New Year's paintings to thousands of families added a lot of prosperity and joy of the festive atmosphere. New Year's paintings are an ancient folk art in China, reflecting the people's simple customs and beliefs, and holding their hopes for the future. New Year's paintings, like spring scrolls, originated as "door gods". With the rise of woodblock printing, the content of the New Year's paintings has not only limited to monotonous themes such as the God of the Door, become colorful, in some of the New Year's paintings in the workshop produced the "Three Stars of Fortune and Longevity," "Heavenly Officials Provide Blessings," "Five Grains and a Plentiful Harvest," "Six Animals Prosperity," "Welcoming the Spring to receive the blessings of" and other classic colorful New Year's paintings, in order to satisfy people's joyful prayers for the New Year's good wishes. There are three important production areas of Chinese New Year paintings in China: Taohuayu in Suzhou, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Weifang in Shandong Province; three major schools of Chinese New Year paintings have been formed, each with its own characteristics.
China's earliest collection of Chinese New Year paintings is the Southern Song Dynasty "with the fairness of the country's face" woodcut New Year paintings, the painting is Wang Zhaojun, Zhao Feiyan, Banji and green beads of the four ancient beauties. The most widely circulated folk painting is the one of "The Mouse Marrying Her Marriage". It depicts an interesting scene of a mouse marrying a bride in accordance with the customs of the earth. In the early years of the Republic of China, Zheng Mantuo of Shanghai combined the lunar calendar and New Year's paintings. This is a new form of New Year's paintings. This combination of two and one of the New Year's paintings, later developed into a wall calendar, and is still popular throughout the country.
Watch the New Year's Eve
Watch the New Year's Eve is one of the most important New Year's activities, and the custom of watching the New Year's Eve has a long history. The earliest record is found in the Western Jin Dynasty Zhou Chu's "Land and Customs": New Year's Eve night, each with the gift, known as "feed the year"; wine and food invited, known as the "other year"; young and old get together to drink, wishing to complete, known as the "share the year"; all night long to keep the New Year's Eve, the most important activity. "
The first time I saw this is when I was a young man and I had to wait for the day to dawn, so I called it the "New Year's Eve".
"One night even double the year, five nights divided into two days", New Year's Eve, the whole family gathered together, ate the New Year's Eve dinner, light up candles or oil lamps, sitting around the fireplace chatting, waiting for the time to say goodbye to the old and welcome the new, the all-night vigil, symbolizing all the evil plague and epidemic according to the run drive away, looking forward to a new year of good luck. This custom gradually prevailed, to the early Tang Dynasty, Tang Taizong Li Shimin wrote a "year-keeping" poem: "cold resignation from the winter snow, the warmth of the spring wind". Until today, people are still accustomed to the New Year's Eve to welcome the new year.
Anciently, there are two meanings of year-end vigil: the elderly year-end vigil for the "resignation of the old year", there is the meaning of the treasure of time and light; young people year-end vigil is to extend the life of their parents. Since the Han Dynasty, the time of the transition between the old and new year is usually the middle of the night.
Firecrackers
Chinese folk "open door firecrackers". That is, at the dawn of the new year, the first thing that families do when they open the door is to set off firecrackers, to beep and blare the sound of firecrackers to get rid of the old and welcome the new. Firecrackers is a Chinese specialty, also known as "firecrackers", "cannonballs", "firecrackers". Its origin is very early, so far has a history of more than two thousand years. Firecrackers can create a festive and lively atmosphere, is a kind of festival entertainment, can bring people joy and good luck. With the passage of time, the application of firecrackers is more and more widely used, varieties and colors are also increasingly numerous, every major holiday and festivals, and marriage, building, opening, etc., are to set off firecrackers in order to show the celebration, figure a good luck. Now, Hunan Liuyang, Guangdong Foshan and Dongyao, Jiangxi Yichun and Pingxiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang and other areas is China's famous hometown of firecrackers, the production of firecrackers colorful, high-quality, not only sells well across the country, but also exported to the world.
Welcome to the New Year
The first day of the New Year, people get up early, put on the most beautiful clothes, dressed neatly, go out to visit friends and relatives, pay respects to each other, wishing good luck in the coming year. Worship a variety of ways, some of them are the same patriarch led a number of people to go door to door to pay tribute to the New Year; there are colleagues invited a few people to pay tribute to the New Year; there are also get together to congratulate each other, known as the "group worship". Because of the time-consuming and labor-intensive door-to-door New Year's greetings, some of the upper-class people and the scholarly community used the posters to congratulate each other, which developed into the later "New Year's card".
The Chinese New Year, the late generation should first pay tribute to the elders, wishing the elders a long life and well-being, the elders can be prepared beforehand the New Year's money to the elders, it is said that the New Year's money can be pressed to stop the evil spirits, because the "age" and the "spirit" consonant, the elders get the New Year's money can be a year of peace and security. It is said that New Year's money can keep evil spirits at bay, because "year" and "spirit" sound alike. There are two kinds of New Year's money, one is a colorful rope threaded and braided into the shape of a dragon, placed at the foot of the bed, which is recorded in the "Yanjing Yearly Record"; the other is the most common, that is, wrapped in red paper by the parents of the money given to the children. New Year's money can be rewarded in the evening after the New Year's greetings in public, can also be in the New Year's Eve when the child is asleep, by the parents secretly placed under the child's pillow. Now the elders for the younger generation to send the custom of the new year's money is still prevalent.
Chinese New Year food customs
In the ancient agricultural society, about since the eighth day of the first month of the Lunar New Year, housewives will be busy with the New Year's food. Because of the long time needed for curing preserved meat, it must be prepared as early as possible. Many provinces in China have the custom of curing preserved meat, of which the preserved meat in Guangdong Province is the most famous.
Steaming rice cakes has become a must-have for almost every family because of its resonance with the word "nian gao" and its varied flavors. There are square-shaped yellow and white rice cakes, symbolizing gold and silver, which are meant to bring wealth in the New Year.
The flavor of rice cakes varies from place to place. Beijingers enjoy red date rice cakes, white rice cakes and white rice cakes made from river rice or yellow rice. People in Hebei like to add jujubes, small red beans and mung beans to their rice cakes and steam them together. Northwestern Shanxi in Inner Mongolia and other places, New Year's Eve used to eat yellow rice flour fried rice cakes, some also wrapped with bean paste, date paste and other fillings, Shandong people with yellow rice, red dates steamed rice cakes. Northern rice cakes are mainly sweet, or steamed or fried, some people simply dip sugar to eat. In the south, rice cakes are both sweet and salty, such as those in Suzhou and Ningbo, which are made of round-grained rice and have a light flavor. In addition to steaming and deep-frying, they can also be sliced and stir-fried or boiled in soup. Sweet rice cakes are made from glutinous rice flour with sugar, lard, roses, osmanthus, mint and veggie paste, and are so well made that they can be steamed or dipped in egg white and deep-fried.
The night before the real New Year is called the Night of Reunion, when people who are away from home have to travel thousands of miles to come back home, and the whole family has to sit together to make dumplings for the New Year. The dumpling method is to make dumpling skin with flour, and then use the skin to wrap the filling, which is a variety of contents, including various kinds of meat, eggs, seafood, seasonal vegetables, etc., and can be put into the filling, and the orthodox way of eating dumplings is to boil it with water, and then fish it up to be accompanied by vinegar, garlic, and soy sauce. The orthodox way of eating dumplings is to boil them in water and then dip them in soy sauce flavored with vinegar, garlic, and sesame oil. Dumplings can also be deep-fried and cooked (potstickers). This is because the word "he" (和) means "to merge" (合), and the words "饺子" (饺子) and "交" (交), which mean "to merge" and "to merge" (合), harmonize with each other. The words "合" and "交" have the meaning of getting together, so dumplings are used to symbolize reunion and happiness; they are also taken as the meaning of a new year's handover, which is very auspicious; in addition, dumplings resemble a Yuanbao (元宝), so eating dumplings on New Year's Day carries the auspicious meaning of "inviting wealth and prosperity" (招财進宝).
New Year's Day is the first day of the year. The name "New Year's Day" is said to have originated from Zhuan Xu, one of the five emperors of the Three Emperors. He used the first month of the lunar calendar as Yuan, and the first day as Dan. "Yuan" means first and beginning, and "Dan" is a red sun rising from the ground. "and together, that is, to people with vigor, to welcome a brand new year. On this day, China's cities and villages, are decorated with lights and festive attire, many units hanging up "celebrate New Year's Day" huge banners, celebrating the New Year. September 27, 1949, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of the first plenary session of the resolution: "the Chinese People's Republic of China * * * and the State Chronology Adoption of the AD chronology", that is, what we call the solar calendar, in order to distinguish between the lunar and solar two New Year, but also in view of the twenty-four solar terms in the lunar calendar, "spring" just before and after the lunar New Year, so the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar was renamed the "Spring Festival The first day of the first month of the lunar calendar was renamed as "Spring Festival", and the first day of the first month of the solar calendar was designated as "New Year's Day", so that New Year's Day has become a joyful festival for the whole country. Shanghai Lunar New Year's Eve for the "God of the stove" to the sky on the day, so the night of the 23rd, every family to "send stove", "sacrificial stove", celebrating the New Year thus kicked off. The 25th day of the Lunar New Year is the day when the gods come down to the world. According to tradition, every family dusts and sweeps inside and outside. From the 26th to the 29th, families begin to grind flour, make dumplings and rice cakes, prepare new clothes, hats and shoes, and buy spring scrolls, New Year's paintings and "door gods". On the night of New Year's Eve, all the elders and children of each family gathered in the household and sat together under the lamplight to eat the New Year's Eve dinner, which was called "Hopscotch". After the New Year's Eve dinner, they gather around the fireplace to observe the New Year's Eve. At dawn, men, women and children put on new clothes, hats and shoes, and worship their ancestors in the hall. Then the young and the young all pay homage to the parents, parents to the children scattered before the year has been prepared to give the new year's money.
Taiwan New Year's Eve is called "all night" and "all night", depending on the size of the twelfth month of the lunar calendar. "All night" means the end of the year. Before it gets too late, families prepare offerings, such as sweet tangerines, sweet rice cakes, "spring rice (rice with paper cut-outs of the word spring inserted on it)", "New Year's money", etc. Two sticks of rice are placed behind the front door. In addition, two sugarcane stalks with leaves and whiskers are placed behind the front door, which is called the "New Year's Cane". During the New Year's Eve dinner "around the stove", a new charcoal stove and a new sunflower fan are placed under the eight-imperial table, and the characters for "spring" and "good fortune" written on red paper are pasted on the fan and the stove. After the New Year's Eve dinner, there is the New Year's Eve vigil. On the first day of the Lunar New Year, people gather young and old to worship the gods with red and white rice cakes, pay homage to Gongmao (Zu Gong Zu Mao), and then set off firecrackers to welcome spring and receive blessings.
On New Year's Eve in Hong Kong, families have a New Year's Eve dinner together. The names of most of the dishes in the New Year's Eve dinner have auspicious meanings. After the reunion dinner, people usually go to the Lunar New Year's Eve market to visit the flower market. On the first day of the Lunar New Year, people start to celebrate the New Year formally by putting up Spring Festival couplets, New Year's paintings, dragon dances, lion dances, etc., and going to friends and relatives to pay respect to the New Year.
Macau's New Year's Eve customs have a special flavor. One of the most traditional Chinese New Year customs preserved in Macau is the "thank you to Zao" ceremony. On the 23rd day of the Lunar New Year, the god of Zao is sent to Macau, which is called "thanking Zao". The New Year's Eve celebration begins on the 28th day of the Lunar New Year. On New Year's Eve, the New Year's Eve vigil and the flower market are the two major events for Macanese to celebrate the old and welcome the new. The New Year's Eve celebration involves playing mahjong, watching TV and chatting about old times. Macau organizes a flower market during the Lunar New Year's Eve, with peach blossoms, daffodils, potted bamboos and potted oranges, which are a sign of good prospects for the New Year. On the first day of the Lunar New Year, Macao people pay attention to the "Lai Si" to indicate good luck. "Lai Si" means red packets, which are given to bosses when they see their employees, to elders when they see their juniors, and even to married people when they see their unmarried ones. Macao people call the second day of the Lunar New Year as "New Year", to eat "New Year" meal, must be hairy vegetables, lettuce, carp, intended to take its wealth and road. Here is the reference, I hope you help