The human body is made up of hundreds of trillions of cells. Organs and systems with special shapes and functions are composed of various cell tissues, which give full play to their respective qualities and functions. From crawling to walking upright, human beings have carried out a huge biological transformation project. Therefore, fitness and human body building, like building high-rise buildings and satellites, are difficult and costly.
The significance of the proposition of fitness lies in shaping the human body, to be exact, improving the human body and enhancing people's physique. The human brain is the main part of the body, and fitness should include strengthening the brain, not just the limbs, but the overall function of various building blocks of the whole human body. Because people's physique is the comprehensive condition and characteristics of human morphological structure, physiological function and psychological factors formed on the basis of heredity and acquired, it is restricted by the quality and function of human cells, tissues, organs and systems. Therefore, a person's health and longevity depend on changes in physical strength and function. The genetic character of human body is the prerequisite for physical and mental development, which provides the possibility for physical development, while the reality of physical strength depends on the acquired environment, material living conditions and physical exercise.
The human body needs to be built, and so do the people of China. Under the leadership of the State Council, the functional departments of the State Sports Commission organized and implemented the Outline of the National Fitness Program, which is an integral part of the social system project supporting the goal of socialist modernization and the strategic plan for cross-century sports development. The core of the national fitness program is to mobilize and organize the masses to participate in various forms of physical exercise, and gradually establish a national fitness department with China characteristics. Fitness project is a complex biological engineering, because the object of fitness project is the complex human body that has developed to an advanced level in all things, which determines the difficulty of fitness project. People have their own laws of "self-growth, self-growth, self-decline and autonomy", which are different from those of Gai Lou. The human body should consciously carry out scientific fitness according to the laws of its own growth and development.
The World Health Organization believes that "health is a comprehensive state of people's physical, psychological and social adaptability. That is to say, only by combining sports with health care, carrying forward the traditional knowledge and fitness methods of "health preservation" in China, and closely combining the rich fitness knowledge of eugenics with lifelong sports, can we improve the health level of human body, sublimate education and knowledge transmission into modern education focusing on cultivating people and improving people's ability, and improve the quality of national fitness project with brand-new fitness science. In order to let every citizen know about scientific fitness methods, we must first accept the input of knowledge of "sports physiology" and "sports health care" through school physical education and various modern adult physical education methods, and then combine the reality, output through scientific self-fitness exercise methods, and continuously improve and improve the health level through the process of self-feedback. To be exact, it is necessary for every fitness participant to understand and master the changing law of "use in and waste out" and the dialectics that life lies in exercise; And the metabolic principle of body movement. That is to say, exercise is not random, but uses the stimulation law of human body's adaptability to exercise, that is, physical exercise will inevitably lead to the consumption of energy and material, which will lead to the strengthening of assimilation. By accelerating the recovery process, the body will replenish more substances and improve its level. The exercise load of physical exercise should be based on the needs of teenagers' physical development, and the exercise load interval with the best fitness effect should be selected by using the principle of load threshold. And generally adopt the characteristics of young and middle-aged people with great differences in physical foundation:
1. Take the average person's maximum load 180, or slightly approximate heavy load 170 minus age as the average pulse number per minute, that is, it is appropriate to control it at 100- 10 times per minute.
3. Close to the maximum load 160, reduce the number of static pulses, multiply by 50%, and add the number of static pulses. This method can vary from person to person, and the load can be controlled at 1 10 times per minute. No matter what kind of load measurement method is adopted, the best and most comfortable self-feeling must be taken into account without affecting normal work, study and life.
The determination of human exercise load should take fitness as the goal, and take low-energy exercise as exercise beneficial to health and longevity, such as walking (jogging), stationary bicycle, aerobic dance, etc. In order to improve the heart and lung function of human body and achieve valuable fitness effect. A Japanese company conducted a questionnaire survey on 8,700 people, and found that walking, jogging and swimming were the three most popular fitness methods. From the age of 20 to the very old,14 people often take a walk to keep fit, and middle-aged people over 30 do yoga qigong. Tai Ji Chuan is very popular in Japan. Swimming is the best way to improve heart and lung function. With the development of economy and the improvement of living standards, more and more people in China use swimming for fitness activities. In short, the scientific selection of load content must follow the principle of "low intensity, effectiveness, simplicity, comprehensiveness and multi-alternation" to improve the fitness effect.
Second, national fitness and lifelong physical education in schools
(A) school sports must conform to lifelong sports.
The national fitness plan is to carry out fitness activities in different regions and different groups of people in a planned and step-by-step manner with all citizens as the implementation object and children as the focus. Taking 200 million school children as the strategic focus of the national fitness goal is in line with the first paragraph of Article 2 of the International Sports Charter adopted by UNESCO in 1978, which points out that "a global democratic lifelong education system must be adopted to ensure that sports and sports practice run through everyone's life." When the concept of lifelong education appears, it has already bred the concept of lifelong sports, and it is studied as a part of lifelong education to improve the overall social effect of lifelong education. The implementation of the national fitness plan should focus on the development of school physical education for young children, which is the first step of the national fitness system project. There are 200 million students in China, which is the most concentrated group. School physical education is the foundation of lifelong physical education, so we must make full use of the physical education syllabus stipulated in the physical education curriculum specially set up by school physical education to carry out organized and planned fitness education. At the same time, school physical education also provides a guaranteed material foundation for collective exercise, which determines the strategic position of school physical education in implementing the Outline of the National Fitness Plan. It is necessary to ensure the realization of school physical education goals, fully grasp the relationship between school physical education and national fitness, and clarify the unity of school physical education reform and lifelong physical education strategic goals. Try to find out the special requirements (table 12 1 project) different from those of the state, families, communities and schools. According to the different requirements of different social members for the implementation of "national fitness 1 21project", it shows that it puts forward the reform of school physical education.
(attached {Figure})
The Outline puts forward the goal orientation of students' lifelong sports, and cultivates students' sports awareness, skills and fitness habits. No matter whether students start school or engage in any work after graduation, they should "connect" with the national fitness plan-lifelong sports, learn more than two fitness methods, participate in fitness activities once a day, and put forward specific and quantifiable requirements for each person to conduct a physical fitness test once a year. In order to fully grasp the physical data and information accumulation of lifelong physical education and make it gradually approach the long-term goal of fitness, we should adhere to the guiding ideology of lifelong physical education to reform school physical education and correctly introduce students' sports teleology. According to the requirements of talents' quality and students' physical and mental characteristics in the 2 1 century, modern scientific consciousness must be used to endow school quality education with new sports functions, which are not abstract, but concrete, controllable and operable entities. Therefore, today's school physical education should take cultivating students' basic physical ability and scientific self-exercise ability, developing students' bodies and improving students' quality level as the social-oriented goal of cultivating modern people.
(2) School physical education is the foundation of lifelong physical education.
Fitness is like building a building and carrying out human engineering construction, which requires high-quality engineering design and constitutes a high-quality human engineering foundation. Build "building blocks". School physical education is the basic project of "strategically located".
(attached {Figure})
As the basic project of lifelong physical education, school physical education must achieve the purpose of fitness through school education plan and physical education course teaching. Only by fully mastering physical education knowledge and skills can we reasonably use it to exercise. This requires us to scientifically choose the content, form and corresponding exercise method system according to the age characteristics of teenagers and the sensitive period of physical development. The input and output of the fitness process are all led by teachers, and there are scientific fitness contents and methods, which are output to students (Figure 1) and feedback process. But it must be clear that physical education class must first distinguish the relationship between "fitness" and "competition". The fundamental purpose of school physical education is to keep fit and enhance students' physique. We must be people-oriented, scientifically choose sports content and methods according to the foundation and needs of students' physique and the scientific knowledge and fitness methods obtained from school physical education courses, so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening physique. Its formula is: "human body (the basis of students' physique)-self-exercise (scientific fitness method)-human body (students' physique enhancement)". Through the continuous feedback process, students' health status has been improved and improved (Figure 2). Competitive sports is dominated by the competition of sports technology, which is mainly reflected in the contest of giving full play to the maximum potential of human functions. Its law: sports skills (relying on skills and physical strength), through sports training to strengthen physical strength and skills, in order to achieve the goal of winning.
(attached {Figure})
Therefore, in order to correctly handle the relationship between fitness and competition, school physical education should first be good at distinguishing in essence and try its best to find out the main aspects of school physical education contradictions. Focus on the implementation of youth fitness for all, which is the first to determine fitness as the first goal. Starting from strengthening the physical quality of 200 million students in school, we should reform school physical education and improve the quality of physical education courses. Physical education class should adhere to the fitness training aimed at improving students' cardiopulmonary function, teach students the basic knowledge and skills of physical education, and teach students the common fitness methods of self-exercise. In the preparation part of each class, we should actively walk, run, walk and run alternately, do physical exercises and various variable-speed runs, run regularly, run in a self-regulated natural environment, systematically adhere to class training, improve students' cardiopulmonary function, and improve their physical quality and health level. At the same time, it is necessary to develop students' general physical fitness and special sports ability in a targeted and timely manner. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the research on teaching methods of sports skills, so as to ensure the needs of students' self-exercise, enable students to successfully pass the standards of physical exercise, lay a solid physical foundation for lifelong sports, adapt to the changing environment, scientifically carry out lifelong physical exercise, and gradually improve the physical level of the whole nation.
Third, the theoretical basis of lifelong sports and national fitness
With the rapid development of modern science and technology and the rapid growth of knowledge and information, the traditional education methods confined to school education can no longer meet the needs of social development. From 65438 to 0965, UNESCO accepted the concept of lifelong education and spread it widely. In the past 20 years, lifelong education has developed by leaps and bounds and has become the guiding principle of global education reform. The emergence and development of lifelong education will inevitably have a great impact on sports, an important part of education. 1968, A·V· Knob kov, president of the Central Institute of Physical Education of the former Soviet Union, put forward the viewpoint of lifelong sports "from 0 to 100". Wang Zeshan, a sports theorist in China, clearly put forward: "Lifelong sports refers to lifelong physical exercise and physical education." More specifically: "From the moment of fertilization to the inevitable end of life, a person must be accompanied by physical exercise in his long life." Japanese scholars, on the other hand, think from the perspective of social sports: "Social sports will lose its meaning if it is not lifelong." This fully embodies the naturalness and sociality of sports. Therefore, "it is more accurate to understand social sports as lifelong sports" embodies its connotation and can reflect the sociological characteristics of education and training. No matter the social space and time in which people grow up, they can reflect the "chain" concept between lifelong sports and lifelong education.
Education is a lifelong process, which includes preschool education including fetal university, primary school, middle school and university, and adult education throughout different stages of life; However, physical education must scientifically arrange the order of physical education and reasonably organize the whole process of physical education and physical exercise according to the laws of educational work and the characteristics of physical and mental development at different ages of life, so that lifelong physical education and lifelong education can "vertically" connect these educational processes at different stages and become an organic whole "chain belt". Education is formal school education and modern multi-channel and multi-form publishing education, correspondence education and radio and television education; Of course, it also includes the popular sports knowledge education and information transmission education of sports skills such as fitness, aerobics and sports dance. As well as various sports club activities and informal education accepted by society and families, so that lifelong education and lifelong sports can be combined horizontally. Third, popularize education, advocate equality and democratization in education, and let everyone have the right to enjoy education and sports. Therefore, the implementation of the outline of lifelong education and national fitness plan is to build a comprehensive, practical and healthy life project, so that all people who can receive education have the motivation and ability to continue their education for life, and constantly improve people's quality of life, so as to achieve the most ideal purpose of lifelong education and lifelong sports.
To sum up, sports is an important factor to promote human development and health, and has a positive impact. "Once people live in the world, the absolute condition is good health." If it is confined to the physical education or physical exercise of teenagers at school, it is impossible to do it once and for all. Physical education should run through one's life and persist in lifelong physical exercise. At the same time, we should also give play to the combination mechanism of family sports and social sports. In short, only by socializing sports can we expect to achieve lifelong health. Therefore, lifelong sports provide opportunities for preschool children, teenagers, laborers, housewives, the elderly or the disabled who have no chance to participate in sports activities. "It excludes racial, political and economic differences in the world." In all periods and fields of life, it can provide sports equipment and environmental protection for learning various sports at any time, so that people can choose to live in their own lives. Therefore, from the characteristics and practical significance of lifelong sports and lifelong education, although they have their own specific historical conditions, they have created two new things that are more similar in basic theory-lifelong education and lifelong sports, and lifelong education has laid a solid theoretical foundation for lifelong sports, enabling school sports to implement the "National Fitness Plan 12 1 Project" with high-quality fitness exercises.