On May 18, Beijing Urban Renewal Special Plan (Beijing Urban Renewal Plan during the Tenth Five-Year Plan) (referred to as "Plan") was officially released, which is also the first special plan for urban renewal under the background of reduced development in China. The "Planning" proposes to focus on the transformation of old residential areas, promote the classification and transformation of old residential areas as a whole, improve the quality of living, and promote the balance between occupation and residence. By 2025, the renovation of 65.438+600 million square meters of old residential areas will be completed. At the same time, it is clear in the plan that we should attach importance to barrier-free transformation for the aged, strengthen the design management of the transformation for the aged, highlight key tasks such as installing elevators, transforming the public environment for the aged, and building barrier-free environment, coordinate relevant policies such as helping the disabled for the aged, and encourage "property service for the aged".
In fact, this year's "Government Work Report" also mentioned that it is necessary to promote barrier-free environment construction and aging transformation. Then, with the advent of an aging society, how to promote the "old-age-friendly" transformation of old communities? How to meet the needs of "silver-haired people" for the elderly in the community?
Beijing:
Promoting indoor aging transformation and exploring "five links linkage"
Jinsong model, Qinghe sample, Changping experience ... Beijing is at the forefront of the country in the aging transformation of old communities, and all districts have summed up the model and experience of "adapting to local conditions".
In May last year, Beijing took the lead in issuing the Guiding Opinions on Comprehensive Renovation of Old Residential Areas and Barrier-free Environment Construction, and launched the "menu" for aging renovation, which provided a reference standard for aging renovation.
In the aging transformation of old residential areas in Beijing, special attention is paid to "internal and external integration" and "community support", taking Naner Community in Haidian District of Beijing as an example. This is the first pilot project of aging renovation of old residential areas in Beijing. Funded by Haidian District Government, the old-age reform is carried out from five aspects: living environment, travel environment, healthy environment, service environment and social and cultural environment of respecting the elderly.
In terms of indoor aging transformation, Naner Community has carried out aging transformation for 99 families of elderly people over 80 years old and severely disabled elderly people in the community, including providing anti-skid pads, induction nightlight, continuous handles, bath chairs and other devices that are convenient for the elderly to take care of themselves, as well as intelligent devices that can realize real-time monitoring of data such as bedtime, habitual movements, toilet use and bathing. If there is anything unusual, the families of the elderly and medical staff can know it at the first time.
At the same time, in terms of community support, Naner Community pays attention to the living needs of the elderly and completes eight basic convenience service functions such as convenience store, haircut, housekeeping, dyeing, maintenance and terminal logistics. Since the renovation of 20 19, the practice of "both internal and external repair" and "combination of software and hardware" in Nan 'er Community has become a sample and successful case of aging renovation of old residential areas in Beijing.
Following Haidian Naner Community, Jinsong Community in Chaoyang District, with the support of Chaoyang District Government, introduced social capital to promote the renovation and renewal of old communities, forming a "Jinsong model".
"Jinsong Model" has created innovations in multiple senses, and explored a "five-party linkage" mechanism of "district-level overall planning, street and township leading, community coordination, residents' deliberation and enterprise operation", which has exemplary significance for introducing social capital into old communities. Not only that, when Jinsong Community introduced the property, it took the lead in putting forward the concept of "taste before buying" and the principle of "service first, experience later and charge later", which made residents feel the personal changes in the improvement of environment and service, thus making it easier to accept the independent payment of the property.
Kaifeng, Henan:
Exploring "Red Mansion" and Popularizing "3 3" Elevator Installation Mode
Kaifeng, the ancient capital of the Eight Dynasties, has also been at the forefront of the country by promoting the aging transformation of old residential areas. Different from first-and second-tier cities, third-and fourth-tier cities generally face the problems of population outflow and population aging. In the renovation of old residential areas, Kaifeng actively explores innovative aging models, which provides new ideas for the aging renovation of third-and fourth-tier cities.
In the aspect of renovation of old residential areas, Jinkangyuan residential area and Wuyi contiguous residential area within the jurisdiction of Kaifeng Urban-Rural Integration Demonstration Zone were upgraded, which won the praise of the masses. It is worth mentioning that the 27-year-old Jinkangyuan Community was identified by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development as one of the typical reconstruction cases in 20021year, which can be used for reference by the whole country.
In this regard, the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Kaifeng Urban-Rural Integration Demonstration Zone summed up the successful experiences of two communities and formed a set of old reform standards of its own, namely "five links" and "six possessions". "Five companies" include underground company, ground company, cultural and sports company, service company and popular company; "Six haves" means complete basic public service facilities, convenient commercial service facilities, complete municipal supporting infrastructure, sufficient space for public activities, full coverage of property services and sound community management mechanism.
According to the Beijing News reporter, at the beginning of the renovation of old residential areas, the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Kaifeng Urban-Rural Integration Demonstration Zone took the lead in setting up the headquarters of Party building leading urban renewal and renovation of old residential areas, headed by Shuang Ren, secretary of the district Party Working Committee and director of the management committee, and established a weekly meeting and daily scheduling system to study and innovate new ideas of renovation projects of old residential areas.
In attracting public opinion, Jinkangyuan Community and Wuyi Lianbian Community have innovated and promoted the "Red House"; In the guidance of public opinion, we should give full play to the elderly with high prestige and strong calling ability in the community to establish a "red housekeeper" volunteer service team, and take the lead in conflict mediation, policy propaganda, epidemic prevention and control, etc. I will take good care of my home.
In the transformation of old residential areas, installing elevators has become a necessary link for the elderly to pass without barriers. However, some residents on the lower floors are opposed to installing elevators and charging extra fees, thinking that they have "suffered a loss". In the renovation of the old residential area in Wuyi area, it is through the "red building" and the residents' living room that the "micro-governance" is carried out, the public opinion is respected, and the wisdom of the people is brought into play, and the "3 3" elevator installation mode is innovatively adopted.
The installation method of "3 3" elevator is divided into three grades: high, medium and low. Residents can choose one-time investment, installment payment and credit card payment according to their living conditions. This pay-as-you-go model not only solves the problem that it is difficult for the elderly to go upstairs, but also receives strong support from residents in the community.
"The community lacks places for the elderly and children to entertain and relax, and private buildings and small vegetable gardens in public areas can also be seen everywhere." This is a complaint from residents of Hoda Family Hospital. Before the renovation, the original Little Square Garden in Heda Family Courtyard was an abandoned weed, and there were small sheds, chicken nests and vegetable fields built by residents privately. After the transformation, the small garden has achieved a "transformation", not only with flowers, but also with a fitness and leisure area for the elderly and a pavilion in the middle, which is both beautiful and practical.
Renovation of Heda Family Building in Kaifeng City, Henan Province. Photo courtesy of respondents
According to Guang Hui Feng, director of the Property Department of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Kaifeng City's urban-rural integration demonstration zone, in the "Red House", Aunt Zhang, a resident who lives on the fourth floor, put forward the reality that "it is very difficult to go downstairs to buy food and go upstairs every day", which is in the transformation of the old community in Wuyi District. In view of Aunt Zhang's "difficulty in going upstairs", the community has installed a temporary folding lounge chair, with warm tips and emergency contact numbers next to the seat, which can let Aunt Zhang "go to the next level and have a rest".
According to reports, after several years of upgrading and transformation of old residential areas, the chaotic and dilapidated old residential areas in Kaifeng City's urban-rural integration demonstration zone have taken on a new look, which has enhanced the people's sense of happiness and gain and won the praise of local residents.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang:
Using market-oriented mechanism to promote the mode of "providing for the elderly with housing"
As the core city of the Yangtze River Delta, Hangzhou has explored the mode of "residents as the main body, government guidance and social participation" in the transformation of old residential areas, and "handing over professional work to professional teams" has become the concept of the transformation of old residential areas in Hangzhou.
Caihe Street, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou introduced Juniper service as a "Golden Butler", responsible for the renovation of 36 old residential areas within its jurisdiction. Not only has it introduced a replicable concept of community home-based care for the aged, but it has also created a famous "Community Care for the Aged Street".
There used to be a famous "Community Commercial Street" in the east section of Fang Jing, Sanxin Road, Qian Jing Community, Sijiqing Street, Shangcheng District. However, due to the non-motor vehicles parked in disorder, the surrounding environment along the street is poor and the community activity venue is small, the local community decided to transform them. By introducing He Rui Life Insurance, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Juniper Service, it took nearly a year to successfully transform the "community commercial street" into a "happy retirement street".
The "Happy Street for the Elderly" has a total length of 100 meters and a total area of about 1200 square meters. This road is completely new, with canteens, supermarkets, barbershops, activity rooms and so on. , fully meet the housing needs of the elderly.
He Rui Life Insurance was introduced into Caihe Street, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, and it was the first to explore the mode of "providing for the aged with housing". In terms of property services, the "menu" of community pension services has been set up, including ten functional blocks such as Yixian Garden, Yikang Garden, Yizhi Garden, Yi Hui Garden, Yixue Garden, Yiyuan Garden, Hu Yi Garden, Yihe Garden and 4S Service Station, forming a collection of life care, culture and entertainment.
Meeting the needs of the community for the aged has become a key task in the transformation of old residential areas. By using the market-oriented mechanism, Hangzhou has actively introduced social capital, which has stimulated the sustainable motivation to improve community services and enabled more and more elderly people to enjoy more professional and diversified old-age services in the community.
Fang Jing Community after the introduction of He Rui into Shangcheng District of Hangzhou. Photo courtesy of respondents
Expert advice:
Promote diversified financing for aging transformation and encourage social capital to participate.
It is urgent to promote the aging transformation of old residential areas. The results of the seventh national census show that in 2020, the population aged 60 and over in China will be 264 million, accounting for 18.70%. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, China will move from mild aging to moderate aging.
During the two sessions this year, Zheng Bingwen, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and director of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, put forward suggestions on the topic of "accelerating the aging transformation of old communities", increased fund-raising efforts, and promoted diversified fund-raising for aging transformation. Local governments should increase investment in the adaptive transformation of aging, and Qi Xin should work together to actively create a policy environment for the adaptive transformation of aging.
Professor Chen Jie from China Urban Governance Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University said that the aging transformation of old residential areas should follow three principles. The first principle is to respect the will, organically combine "bottom-up" and "top-down" and interact effectively. Don't design subjectively, listen to the voice of the grassroots, and act when the community needs it. Following the spirit of the rule of law and respecting property rights and community autonomy should never be promoted by sports.
Chen Jie pointed out, on the basis of respecting public opinion, step by step, when conditions are ripe, do a good job in one or two typical cases, form a demonstration effect, refine replicable and replicable experiences, conduct small-scale pilot projects, establish brands, promote them on a large scale, and gain more social input, thus forming a virtuous circle. In addition, social participation is the foundation. It is not a one-man show for the government to adapt to aging, but to concentrate social forces, use market mechanisms, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all sectors of society, and form a joint force of all parties.
Wu Xiaorong, founder and CEO of Beijing Xiangyi Life Health Technology Co., Ltd. told the reporter: "Community home-based care for the elderly belongs to' just needed, no market', and there is no third-party professional operating organization to operate it. For example, when the old community is suitable for aging transformation, can the introduced property company continue to provide professional community pension services and how to uniformly manage fragmented pension service providers? "
In this regard, Chen Jie also has a deep understanding. He said: "Based on the previous investigation of several pilot projects, the promotion of' property pension' is mainly hindered by six sources: lack of autonomy of the venue, unauthorized operation, low recognition of the owners, weak service capacity, unclear operation mode and insufficient government support. There are three contradictions, namely, the contradiction between the supply and demand of non-professional service level of property service enterprises and the professional requirements of aged care services, the attribute contradiction between the profitability requirements of property service enterprises and the public welfare and inclusiveness requirements of aged care services, and the interest contradiction between property service enterprises and owners under the current community governance framework and property service model. "
In this regard, Chen Jie suggested that property service enterprises can incubate professional pension teams internally, or introduce third-party specialized pension institutions to solve the contradiction of insufficient specialization. For the contradiction of profits, property enterprises can undertake low-profit, no-profit or even loss-making public welfare and inclusive home-based community-based aged care services on the premise of meeting the agreed service quality assessment, and at the same time, they are given priority in developing value-added home-based community-based aged care services, and relevant price controls are liberalized to meet the needs of some elderly people with purchasing power for high-level and high-quality home-based community-based aged care services, thus forming cross subsidies.
"At present, the aging transformation of the old community focuses on the outside of the community, but there is a lack of indoor transformation for the elderly, such as canceling the design of height difference, non-slip, barrier-free handrails, old furniture, and even intelligent hardware facilities. Some renovations need to be considered both outdoors and indoors. For example, there is a height difference in the bathroom floor of the old community, which makes it inconvenient for the elderly to get in and out. It is best to solve the problem from the system and transform the main riser of the bathroom in the old community, thus reducing the height difference and reducing the risk of the elderly falling. " Wu Xiaorong said.