The pheasant in the United States is an important bird of the Pheasant family. Its scientific name is pheasant, also known as pheasant, pheasant and ring-necked pheasant. It is one of the most important game birds in the world, with more than 30 subspecies and a white collar. Colorful pheasant is named for its gorgeous coat color. The colorful feathers of pheasants are gorgeous and elegant, and they are made into lifelike pheasant specimens, which are even more expensive high-end exhibits. Pheasant is delicious and nutritious, and contains many essential amino acids and trace elements such as calcium, sodium and sulfur. Gallbladder, blood and endothelium corneum Gigeriae Galli can be refined into pharmaceutical preparations, which have high nourishing, medicinal, health care and beauty values. When pheasants are free-range in nature, they bathe in the sun and suck fresh air, so they have a large amount of activity, strong physique and strong disease resistance, and do not need injections or medicine. In addition, we eat wild vegetables, weeds, insects and grass seeds, and we don't feed any growth hormone additives, so the mountain eggs have no special drug residues and are recognized by consumers as pollution-free green food.
Gallbladder, blood and endothelium corneum Gigeriae Galli can be refined into pharmaceutical preparations, which have high nourishing, medicinal and health-care functions. Beauty value. Male mountain chicken feathers can be used to make wool crafts, and also can be used to make clothes and brocade. Chicken skin can be used to make all kinds of exquisite leather goods. It is a rare bird that integrates food, medicine, hair and skin. Comprehensive utilization of "specially raised" rare birds with high value.
First, the economic value of pheasant
Pheasants have gorgeous feathers and bright colors, comparable to peacocks, and have high ornamental value. The pheasant is tough and tender. It is especially delicious and nutritious. The crude protein content of fresh meat is 3-4% higher than that of domestic chickens, and pheasants are rich in amino acids and complete in essential amino acids. The amino acid content of fresh meat was 23. 145-24.73%, which was higher than that of common domestic chicken (4 1.27-50.97%) and Taihe silky fowl (24.8438+0). The fat and cholesterol content of pheasant is much lower than that of domestic chicken. The fat content of pheasant is 0.95- 1.0%, while that of domestic chicken is as high as 7.0-8.0%. The blood cholesterol content of domestic chickens is 125-200mg/dl, and that of pheasants is 1 14.58-65438. The breast, legs, muscles, moisture and amino acids of pheasants are higher than those of broilers. The mineral content of pheasant is also very rich, and the iron content in fresh meat is as high as 17.9-25.8 mg/dl, which is five times higher than that of ordinary domestic chickens. The meat production performance of pheasant is equivalent to that of broiler chicken, and it is one of the special economic birds with strong meat production performance
Pheasant is a kind of game food with high protein and low fat. Pheasants have thus become royal tributes of past dynasties. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was amazed after eating it, and wrote a famous sentence, "It is famous for three thousand miles in the north of the Yangtze River, and it tastes better than the twelfth floor of the south of the Yangtze River." Ye Xuanping, vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, commented after eating: "Good-looking, delicious and game"; It is also a reserved dish for the White House to entertain heads of state. Yu Ruomu, a famous nutritionist, also spoke highly of the nutritional components of pheasants. Giving pheasants is a high-grade gift and a rare delicacy for guests. Because of this, before and after the Spring Festival every year, there is a rush to send pheasants in the market.
In Chinese dietotherapy, pheasant has the effects of treating diseases, invigorating qi, resolving phlegm, relieving asthma, clearing away lung heat, relieving cough, nourishing kidney, strengthening brain and refreshing. The content of strontium and molybdenum in pheasant is higher than that in common chicken 10%, which has the function of preventing and treating cancer. Pheasant has many peculiar effects, such as strengthening the body, nourishing the five internal organs and qi and blood, enhancing human immune function, delaying aging and so on. It is an ideal nutritional tonic. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: Pheasants replenish qi and blood, eat wisely, be brave and healthy, moisten fat, stop diarrhea and dysentery, eliminate chronic diseases, and gasp in the five internal organs. It is determined by Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences that it contains the essential amino acid 2 1.
There are many kinds, many of which cannot be synthesized by human body itself, which conform to the amino acid pattern stipulated by the World Health Organization. It is also rich in trace elements necessary for human body, such as germanium, selenium, zinc, iron, calcium, etc., and has good curative effects on malnutrition in children, anemia in women, postpartum weakness, uterine prolapse and stomachache, neurasthenia, coronary heart disease, pulmonary heart disease, etc. Its nourishing effect on human body is much higher than that of famous soft-shelled turtle and eel. The content of strontium and molybdenum in pheasant is higher than that in common chicken 10%, and it also has the function of preventing and treating cancer.
Second, the market prospect and sales forecast of pheasant breeding
Market prospect: In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people are no longer satisfied with the food level of three meals a day, but constantly change to the direction of pursuing delicacy, nutrition, health care and returning to nature, so those special birds with special value and nutrition are deeply favored by people. At present, all kinds of game foods processed with various special animals are becoming popular in the market, such as steamed pheasant, braised partridge and other soft-packed foods, which add a beautiful scenery to our traditional food culture. China has a large population and a vast consumer market, especially in some cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hongkong and Shanghai. In addition, Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asian countries buy a large number of pheasants from Chinese mainland every year, so pheasants have become one of the popular domestic export commodities with a high exchange rate. In Hong Kong and Macao markets, the price of each pheasant reaches 150 HK dollars, while in the domestic market, each pheasant (average 1.25kg/). At present, the resources of wild pheasants in China have decreased sharply, and the limited artificial breeding population is far from meeting the market demand. Therefore, vigorously developing pheasant breeding is an industry that enriches the people and benefits the country.
Sales forecast: According to the survey, there are more than 500 restaurants and restaurants in general regional cities, and there are about 250 restaurants in county towns and surrounding towns. With their purchasing power of 1/5, each hotel consumes 5 chickens every day, and the annual demand for pheasants reaches 65,438+10,000, which is a conservative figure. In addition, the general demand for ordinary consumption in surrounding counties and cities and during major festivals is 200,000. At present, it is ready to further expand its business and increase the facilities construction of the base, reaching 5000 birds per month by the end of the year.
Giving away pheasants at festivals is an ancient tradition in China, which means expressing good luck and a bright future. At the same time, it can also be made into beautiful and marketable specimens. Specimens made of pheasant fur in our field are colorful, vivid, noble and elegant, with a frame of more than 200 yuan, which is also very popular in craft gift shops and tourist attractions in major cities. Pheasants have unique feathers, and can also be made into feather fans, feather paintings, toys and other handicrafts. The British Ministry of Defence also listed it as the most effective bulletproof vest.
Three, the five advantages of pheasant breeding.
1. Low risk: Pheasant is a wild animal, which can adapt to all kinds of bad weather, withstand the high temperature of 46℃ and the cold of MINUS 32℃, have strong disease resistance, and are not easy to get chicken plague. It can be cultivated all over the country, and the investment is reliable and safe.
2. Easy to raise: similar to domestic chickens, the staple food is whole grains, and grass and vegetables are added to ordinary feed, which are raised in old rooms and warehouses. One person can raise 3000 chickens.
3. Wide sale: Pheasants are game, everyone likes them, and the demand for restaurants is increasing. According to statistics, Guangdong and Shanghai alone have an annual demand of 44 million, while the supply is only 2 million. It is estimated that it will be difficult to market in 10 years.
4. High efficiency: after 95 days of incubation, the weight of a pheasant can reach 1.5kg, and the feed-meat ratio is 3.5: 1. The cost is less than 10 yuan, and even if it is sold at the price of domestic chicken, it still has a high profit. The current market price is between 40 and 60 yuan.
5. Fast: breeders lay eggs at the age of 6 months, and the annual egg production is 120- 150. The investment cost can be recovered in a few months after laying eggs, which is a good project with less investment and quick results.
Therefore, pheasant breeding is a new way to get rich with low risk, high benefit and broad market prospect.
Fourthly, the technical guarantee for the development of pheasant breeding.
Our department has been engaged in pheasant breeding for one year and livestock feed management for three years, and has accumulated rich breeding experience and summarized a set of pheasant breeding techniques. Therefore, the feasibility of pheasant breeding success is guaranteed.
V. Benefit Analysis of Aquaculture
The management of colorful pheasants in the United States is relatively simple and highly domesticated, which is suitable for large-scale intensive farming, both free-range and captive. Generally speaking, female pheasants produce 65,438+020-65,438+050 eggs a year. If 3600 yuan is invested to feed 10 flock (10 male pheasant and 30 female pheasants), 30 female pheasants will lay at least 3900 eggs a year, and according to the hatching survival rate of 90%, 3565438+ can be developed. The feed/meat ratio is 3.5: 1, and the cost per animal does not exceed 10 yuan. According to the commodity price 14 yuan/kg, the income can be 386 10 yuan, less the introduction fee 1800 yuan, the feed fee 16530 yuan, and the unforeseen expenditure is 2000 yuan.
Pheasant is delicious and nutritious. It contains various amino acids and trace elements such as calcium, sodium and sulfur, and the content of protein is 28.94%. Male pheasant feathers can be made into wool crafts, satin and brocade dresses, and chicken skin can be made into all kinds of exquisite leather goods. It is a rare bird that integrates food, medicine and wool, and it is a kind of "specially raised" rare bird with high comprehensive utilization value. Feather pheasant feathers are light and soft, elastic, moisture-proof and warm. Can be processed into down jacket, mattress, cushion, sleeping bag, quilt cover, etc. Feathers can be processed into exquisite craft decorations. Generally, each pheasant can produce 130 ~ 200 grams of feathers. The excrement of pheasant is rich in nutrition, which can be used as feed for cattle, sheep, pigs and other domestic animals after fermentation, and can also be used as farmyard manure after composting and fermentation. ?
Mountain chicken is tender and delicious, with rich game. Its protein content is as high as 30%, which is twice that of ordinary chicken and pork, and its fat content is only 0.9%, which is 1/39 of pork, 1/8 of beef and1/kloc-0 of chicken, and basically contains no cholesterol (see the table below). Pheasants have thus become royal tributes of past dynasties. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was amazed after eating it, and wrote a famous sentence, "It is famous for three thousand miles in the north of the Yangtze River, and it tastes better than the twelfth floor of the south of the Yangtze River." Ye Xuanping, vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, commented after eating: "Good-looking, delicious and game"; Yu Ruomu, a famous nutritionist, also spoke highly of the nutritional components of pheasants.
Pheasant is a senior gift, hospitality is a rare game, and it is also a reserved dish of the head of state in the White House. Because of this, before and after the Spring Festival every year, there is a rush to send pheasants in the market. Pheasant is low in fat and high in protein, with delicious meat and rich nutrition. According to medical records, pheasant is a good food, "it has the effects of strengthening the body, resolving phlegm and strengthening the spleen, nourishing the brain and refreshing, benefiting the liver and strengthening the kidney, and improving eyesight. Regular eating can prolong life." It has a unique curative effect on tracheitis and diabetes, so it is favored by consumers at home and abroad.
Pheasant is delicious and nutritious. The content of protein is about 30%, and it contains 18 amino acids and various trace elements such as calcium, sodium and sulfur, while the fat is only 0.9%, which basically contains no cholesterol. It is a natural wild health food, which has many unique effects on enhancing human immune function, delaying aging and making skin tender and healthy. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that pheasants have the effects of tonifying the middle energizer, benefiting qi, relieving asthma, refreshing and strengthening the brain. Gallbladder, blood and endothelium corneum can be refined into pharmaceutical preparations, which have high nourishing, medicinal, health care and beauty values, and have the functions of preventing and treating cancer. It is an ideal nourishing health care product. To cultivate colorful pheasants artificially, we must master the following techniques.
1. building: pheasant house should be built in sandy soil environment, with dry and gentle terrain, sunny and leeward, and convenient drainage. An open henhouse is adopted, and an outdoor fence playground is set in front of the henhouse. Open-range pheasants should be equipped with habitats, which can be vertical or horizontal. One side of the sports ground is provided with a sink and a tower-shaped vacuum drinking device. Pheasants like sand baths, and the playground should be set with sand pools, which are made of bricks and 40 cm high. Put sand in the pool and keep it clean.
2. Reproduction: Domestic pheasants mature at the age of 5-6 months. Colored pheasants generally mate at 5438+00 from the beginning of March to the end of June and begin to lay eggs. The ratio of male to female is 1: 5 ~ 6. The laying nest should be located in a quiet and dark place. Hens usually lay eggs in the afternoon. In order to prevent pecking, they should choose eggs in time. Dietary formula of feed pheasant (%): 1 ~ 20 days old ── 65 cooked eggs, 8 corn flour, 3 soybean 16.5, 3 bran, 0.5 bone meal 1, 0.5 salt, 2 yeast, 3.5 auxin for poultry and 0.5 vitamin mixture; 20-40 days old ── 30 cooked eggs, 20 cooked fish, corn flour 19.5, soybean 15, bran 8, bone meal 2, salt 0.5, yeast 2, poultry auxin 2.5 and vitamin mixture 0.5; 40-60 days old-50 cooked fish, corn flour 19.5, bean cake powder 15, bran 8, bone meal 2, salt 0.5, yeast 2, poultry auxin 2.5 and vitamin mixture 0.5. Chickens' dietary formula (%)-cooked fish 15, corn 410.5, bean cake 15, wheat 15, fish meal 5, mineral additive 8 and salt 0.5. Vitamin additive is 5g per100kg. Dietary formula for adult chickens-corn 6 1, bran 14, bean cake powder 12, fish meal 8, shell powder 3, bone meal 1.5 and salt 0.5 in non-breeding period. Feed the feed in ration. 20-30g per day in chick stage, 30-40g in chick stage and 40-50g in adult stage. Feed regularly. From hatching to 4 weeks old, feed adult chickens 4 times a day from 6: 00 am and 3 times a day from 6: 00 am. Drink clean water for free.
3. Adult chickens are sold: they can be sold when the weight reaches 1.5 ~ 2 kg. It can also be left for planting. The normal laying period of pheasants is February-August, and the laying peak is mostly concentrated in February-June. With the increase of temperature, although the spawning did not stop in July and August, the number dropped sharply, and the fertilization rate of eggs was extremely low, which means it is time to change the feeding method at the end of June.
The first is the lighting scheme. At the end of June, women and men were divided into groups, and the dark period was started respectively. The light time was reduced from 17 hours before June to 8 hours a day, and it was implemented for 2 months until the end of August. Pay attention to the heatstroke prevention work of pheasants during the period. Two months later, the new lighting scheme began to be implemented, and it is appropriate to increase 1.5 hours per week and gradually return to 17 hours per day. What needs special attention is that the pheasant must perform the dark light program at the same time as the female pheasant, otherwise the pheasant will have no mating ability.
Second, feeding. In the dark period, commercial breeders can be fed with pre-laid eggs and coarse feed such as corn, sorghum, rice and wheat to ensure the supply of green feed. From the end of the dark period to before laying eggs, in addition to the feed of the breeder, the intake of animal protein should be increased. During the laying period, the breeder feed in the market should be fed, and the nutritional components such as soybean meal, fish meal, bone meal, methionine, lysine and multivitamins should be appropriately increased. At the same time, supply sufficient tender green feed to ensure the hygiene of drinking water.
Third, gregarious. After the dark period, males and females can get together, and the ratio of males to females is 1: 4.
Fourth, epidemic prevention. When gregarious, the whole group should be injected with Newcastle disease vaccine, pay attention to environmental hygiene, keep quiet, and disinfect with "Baidusha" chicken spray 1 time every week.
Fifth, ensure room temperature. It is cold in winter, so it is necessary to artificially create a spring-like laying environment for pheasants, and the temperature is not lower than 10℃. Through the above measures, pheasants can lay eggs again at the end of 10, and each pheasant can lay as many as 180 ~ 200 eggs a year, and the fertilization rate of breeding eggs can reach 90%. The application of this out-of-season production technology has greatly improved the production performance of pheasants. First, do a good job in epidemic prevention. Fences must be kept clean during breeding. Besides cleaning regularly every day, it should be disinfected twice a week with 0. 1% chlorpyrifos spray. You can spray disinfectant on pheasants. The sink and sink should be scrubbed with reddish potassium permanganate water once a day. The main diseases in laying period are dysentery and Escherichia coli. Penicillin can be used for prevention and treatment, which is cheap, safe and convenient to use. Use 800,000 units of penicillin to vaccinate 80 chickens once. The method is to mix penicillin with drinking water for chickens, usually once a week. Second, breeding improved varieties. The quality of breeders plays a decisive role in the laying rate of pheasants. The female pheasant is required to be physically strong, weighing 1 ~ 1.5 kg, well-developed, docile, lively and active, with bright red crown and big eyes. The pheasant has well-proportioned body parts, well-developed pectoral muscles, bright red crown, long and loud crow, plump feathers, magnificent posture and strong mating ability. Third, the ratio of men to women. Reasonable male-female collocation is an important measure to reduce feeding cost, improve economic benefit and prolong laying period. There are too many cocks, one is a waste of feed, the other is that cocks are often injured when competing for spouses, and hens can't accept frequent mating, which affects egg production; Too few roosters will reduce the fertilization rate of breeding eggs, and the general male-female ratio is 1: 3 ~ 1: 4. Fourth, the scientific composition. In laying period, pheasants should have comprehensive nutrition, with metabolic energy of 2700 ~ 2750 kcal, crude protein of more than 23% and complete essential amino acids. The feed formula during this period is: 50% corn, 100 kg feed, 15% bean cake, 17% wheat bran, 6.5% sorghum, 8% fish meal, 2% shell meal, 1% bone meal and 0.5% salt. Inject "comprehensive egg drop" every two months. Fifth, the temperature is suitable. Although pheasants will not freeze to death at -20℃, the temperature below 5℃ will affect their eggs and normal growth. In order to make pheasants lay more eggs and improve efficiency, heating measures should be taken when the temperature is below 5℃, such as plastic shed and coal fire, and the relationship between heat preservation and ventilation should be properly handled. Sixth, feeding management. Food should be regularly supplied with water, and drinking water should be regularly cleaned and sufficient. Careful observation should be made, and diseases should be isolated and treated with drugs in time. The coop should be cleaned every day to keep the coop as dry and clean as possible. Generally, there are no more than 5 animals per square meter, and the light should be replenished on time for 3-4 hours a day. Generally, 3-4 watt light bulbs can be used per square meter. Temperature, light and density: the temperature of brooding will gradually decrease with the increase of day age. The age of 1 ~ 3 days is 35℃ ~ 34℃, and the age of 4 ~ 10 days decreases by 0.5℃ every day. 1 1 ~ 28 days old to 28℃ room temperature. 1 ~ 3-day-old lighting day and night, use 25W 1 bulb every 7 square meters until the age of 30 days. But if the light is gradually reduced, natural light can be used in the future. The feeding density at 1 ~ 10 is 50 ~ 60 heads /m2, and at 1 1 ~ 30 days, it is 20 heads, which will be adjusted with the increase of age.