Keywords: flower drum lamp; Campus; Teach and inherit
Lantern with ancient paintings is an important form of Han folk art in China and a folk song and dance art with a long history. How to pass on the Flower Drum Lantern and let future generations appreciate this cultural treasure has become a problem that cannot be ignored in the current study of Flower Drum Lantern. Inheriting this art on campus can often effectively protect it and promote its development to a higher level.
First, the artistic characteristics of Flower Drum Lantern
(A) Flower Drum Lantern and folk culture.
Huagu Lantern is an important manifestation of China folk culture and art, which is of great significance to the development and inheritance of China folk culture. In Anhui, the most representative dance is Anhui Flower Drum Lantern. A group of Flower Drum Lantern performance artists, represented by Feng, Zheng Jiuru, are still promoters and disseminators of Anhui Flower Drum Lantern. As the Flower Drum Lantern comes from the people, most of them participate spontaneously by the masses, and its extensive mass is one of its important characteristics that cannot be ignored. The performance of Flower Drum Lantern has certain performances, but there is no fixed stage. As long as you are happy, you can play lanterns everywhere in front of the door, in the field, in front of the house and behind the house. Gongs and drums are the main accompaniment instruments. Only when the performers and the rhythm of gongs and drums correspond, restrict and coordinate with each other can the connotation and characteristics of this art form be better displayed.
(B) the inheritance value of Flower Drum Lantern
As a treasure of China folk culture and art, and as an important manifestation of China folk songs and dances, Huagu Lantern has important social significance and cultural value for its inheritance, protection and even development. At present, Flower Drum Lantern has been listed as a national intangible cultural heritage, which shows that the artistic value of Flower Drum Lantern cannot be underestimated, and it is necessary to widely spread this excellent folk culture.
Second, the performance structure of Flower Drum Lantern
It is also very necessary to grasp the structure of dance and music in the process of inheriting ancient painting lanterns. Only by mastering the most basic dance and music structure of ancient painting lanterns can we grasp the essence of ancient painting lanterns and realize their spread and development.
(A) Flower Drum Lantern Dance
Flower-drum lantern dance is the core and most important part of flower-drum lantern performance, which mainly includes big flower field and small flower field. Dahuatian is a collective emotional dance, and the scene is warm and cheerful; Xiaohuachang is a dramatic dance performed by two or three people, including techniques such as upper drum, middle drum and venue drum. Generally speaking, it takes more than a dozen people to perform the Flower Drum Lantern. They divide their work according to their own specialties, such as singing and dancing. Before liberation, most female roles were played by men? Lizi? Dressed up, the female role was really played by women after liberation.
(B) Flower Drum Lantern Song
The content of ancient painting lantern songs is very rich, including solo and duet. It is humorous, impromptu, beautiful and full of local characteristics. As an independent singing form, Gordon can also participate in the performance of ancient painting lanterns, which plays a connecting role.
(3) Flower-drum lanterns and gongs and drums
The main accompaniment instrument of ancient painting lanterns is gongs and drums, so it can also be said that gongs and drums are important instruments that have grown up with ancient painting lanterns. In the performance of the Flower Drum Lantern, as the main music of the Flower Drum Lantern, gongs and drums are indispensable for both song and dance, which can be said to be the soul of the Flower Drum Lantern performance. Generally speaking, gongs and drums music can not only standardize the actions of artists in performances, but also set off the atmosphere, express emotions and drive the whole performance process. Many times, the drummer plays a commanding role in the whole performance of the Flower Drum Lantern. Drummers should not only have high playing skills, but also be familiar with the performance and dance movements of flower drum lanterns, so as to better cooperate with artists' performances.
(D) Flower Drum Lantern Backcourt Play
The so-called drama after the Flower Drum Lantern is actually a complete program arranged after the performance of the Flower Drum Lantern. In fact, the backcourt sketch is relative to the previous song and dance performance. The passionate performance in front brought the audience's emotions to a climax, and then the adjustment of the audience's emotions was all left to the backcourt sketch. Generally speaking, the material of backcourt drama mainly comes from the people, and the performance of backcourt drama has strong local characteristics, which is a relatively grounded performance form. However, with the continuous development and innovation of the follow-up, the small play in the backcourt also has certain new characteristics, which is similar to modern drama by integrating the performance forms of recitation and singing.
Third, the inheritance and development of campus flower drum lanterns.
(A) the inheritance and development status of the Flower Drum Lantern
1. Oral teaching is the main mode of communication.
In the inheritance and development of ancient painting lanterns, most of them are passed on to future generations by oral teaching, especially in some areas where ancient painting lanterns are widely spread, artists usually call students around for oral explanation and personal demonstration. Obviously, this way is not conducive to the inheritance of this art form. The introduction of Flower Drum Lantern into colleges and universities, as a local art category, into the teaching of art students can not only make up for the lack of inheritors at present, but also be conducive to the spread and promotion of Flower Drum Lantern.
2. It is normal for people to teach skills in class.
In areas where ancient painting lamps are popular, it has become a common phenomenon for inheritors to teach ancient painting lamps in individual classes. Because the inheritors often lack the support of relevant technologies, the school is not standardized and the teaching quality is uneven, which has a negative impact on the cultural inheritance of ancient painting lanterns. For example, Chang Chunli, the creator of "Toad Jumping Well", once held several training courses on flower drum lanterns at 1982, and indeed trained many excellent drummers and disciples. However, due to the failure to keep up with the corresponding policies, many students go out to work to make a living and engage in jobs that are mostly unrelated to the Flower Drum Lantern, which not only wastes resources, but also fails to play its due role in the inheritance of the Flower Drum Lantern.
3. Lack of specialized succession institutions
The lack of specialized research and teaching institutions will also have a certain impact on the inheritance of Huagu Lantern. The inheritance of Flower Drum Lantern mostly stays in a loose state, and the teaching of Flower Drum Lantern is not really put in place, which leads to the inheritance of Flower Drum Lantern can only stay on the surface and cannot be implemented in action.
(B) specific measures to promote Flower Drum Lantern on campus
As a specialized education and teaching institution, the school undertakes the dual task of teaching and educating people. Bringing Flower Drum Lantern into the campus can not only help students understand the traditional culture of China and inherit the intangible cultural heritage, but also improve their cultural literacy and cultivate their "cooperative spirit" and optimistic quality. In addition, the school's standardized and rigorous school-running model also provides institutional guarantee for the inheritance of ancient painting lanterns.
1. Strengthen the application of modern science and technology
In addition to maintaining the original oral teaching method, we should also make full use of the scientific and technological advantages of the school, and sort out and save the complete information of the flower drum lamp by means of video recording and CD burning. Using multimedia technology in the teaching of Flower Drum Lantern and playing some related performance videos for students before class will help to mobilize the enthusiasm of learners, and also help students to better master the essentials of movements and accumulate sensory experience. At the same time, it is necessary to build an exchange platform for Huagu Lantern with the help of the currently developed Internet technology, and spread this traditional art of Huagu Lantern to the whole world.
2. Invite outstanding inheritors to the campus.
It is more beneficial to let excellent inheritors walk into the campus and teach Huagu Lantern. This requires the relevant departments to tap the resources of outstanding inheritors, invite them to enter the campus, support these inheritors to take the podium, teach the skills of Flower Drum Lantern, and improve the teaching effect of Flower Drum Lantern.
3. Make full use of students' advantages to realize the inheritance of ancient painting lanterns from generation to generation.
School is a mobile society, and every student is different. If we can better realize the campus inheritance of Huagu Lantern and let more students know the excellent culture of this ancient place, it will be more conducive to the inheritance of Huagu Lantern. Because of the great differences in students' individual development, it is necessary for inheritors and professional teachers of ancient painting lanterns to choose different contents for teaching according to students' own specialties and hobbies, such as dance, lantern songs, gongs and drums. Teach students in accordance with their aptitude so that everyone can gain something. Let students better master the performance skills of the Flower Drum Lantern, and let the Flower Drum Lantern be passed down in a down-to-earth manner on campus.
4 increase support for relevant departments and institutions to run special schools.
Local cultural departments should also support schools or individuals to run schools, such as setting up special Huagudeng art schools, offering professional gongs and drums courses and Huagudeng dance performance courses. To help learners fully understand and master the Flower Drum Lantern. In order to expand the social influence of the Flower-Drum Lantern, local cultural departments should hold Flower-Drum Lantern competitions or Flower-Drum Lantern Festivals on a regular basis, so that performers from all over the country can get together to learn skills and make this traditional art shine again in the new era.
Lantern with ancient paintings is an important form of Han folk art in China and a folk song and dance art with a long history. Flower-drum lanterns are popular not only in Anhui, but also among people in the Huaihe River Basin. The inheritance and development of ancient painting lanterns is of great significance for improving the value of China folk art and excavating and displaying China's excellent history and culture.
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