Name of the proposal: Suggestions on comprehensively solving the problem of adolescent physical decline in China.
Theme of the proposal:
With the sustained development of China's national economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the physical development of young students in China is at a good level: the height, weight and chest circumference, which reflect the morphological indicators, are on the increase. However, according to the 2006 "Adolescent Physical Health Test Report" published by the Ministry of Education, in the past three years, the physical fitness of primary and secondary school students in China has shown a downward trend. Among them, the vital capacity reflecting the functional index has decreased, and the speed, strength (explosive force) and endurance reflecting the physical index have also decreased. The proportion of overweight and obese students has increased, and the detection rate of poor eyesight of students has gradually increased. More than half of urban primary and middle school students wear glasses, which has caused some worrying situations in their campus study and life: PE teachers reported that some students are afraid of middle and long-distance running, and physical education class did endurance running exercise, and just ran for a lap (400 meters) and stopped breathing; Students have poor upper limb strength and can't get up once. At the flag-raising ceremony held every week, in less than ten minutes, some students fainted because of physical exhaustion. It can be seen that the decline of students' physique is more serious. If we don't take corresponding measures and let it develop, it will pose a threat to the healthy growth of young students at present, a potential crisis to the quality of the future social labor force, a serious constraint to the cultivation of sports reserve talents, and more importantly, the decline of the national quality. We must be soberly aware of the seriousness of the problem, which is an urgent problem in front of our vast number of education, sports and scientific and technological workers. Otherwise, it will affect a generation and the smooth implementation of the "national fitness" and "Olympic glory" plans.
This case shows that:
First, fully understand the spiritual essence of the new round of physical education curriculum reform and inherit the essence of traditional physical education teaching.
In September of 20001year, the new curriculum experiment was carried out in 38 national experimental areas, and the new curriculum is entering the campus and the lives of teachers and students. The curriculum reform of basic education is deepening in practice and showing great vitality.
However, there are many puzzles in the experimental work of the new curriculum, and there are also deviations in the understanding of the spiritual essence of the new round of physical education curriculum reform. Teachers reflect that in the process of experimental training, a member of the core group of "Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards" formulated by the Ministry of Education repeatedly put forward at the training meeting: "This curriculum reform should throw away all the traditional physical education class (like a glass of water) since the founding of the People's Republic of China for more than 50 years, and replace it with a brand-new glass of water ..." This has caused the confusion of the majority of physical education teachers, and the queue exercises are too boring and discarded. Therefore, we should carry out happiness education and relax organizational discipline. We think these remarks are extremely irresponsible and misleading. It is wrong to deny all traditional teaching. This curriculum reform must be carried out on the basis of curriculum reform exploration and experience accumulation since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, and inherit the essence of traditional sports.
We should sum up the gains and losses of the experimental work of curriculum reform in time, further unify our thinking and understanding, deeply understand the spiritual essence of curriculum reform, attach importance to the physical training of physical education, lay a foundation for the healthy growth of young students, and make the new curriculum reform advance steadily along the road of scientific development.
Second, pay attention to reasonable exercise load and skills in physical education teaching.
In the current teaching design of physical education class, there is an obvious tendency to ignore the reasonable exercise load arrangement, which is not conducive to the implementation of the guiding ideology of "health first".
We believe that physical education class must arrange suitable exercise load, which is a theoretical and practical problem that distinguishes physical education from other disciplines, and also the need to promote students' physical and mental development, physical exercise and master sports skills. It is necessary to change the current phenomenon that students do too little exercise and cannot get effective exercise.
In addition, in the process of implementing the new curriculum, there is indeed a trend of "diluting sports skills". Many classes seem lively and "have fun", but in fact they are divorced from the essential function of sports.
We believe that physical education teaching cannot be competitive, but competitive sports should occupy a place in the school. The teaching of basic knowledge, basic skills and basic techniques in some sports events should be strengthened rather than diluted, because letting students master certain sports skills is conducive to stimulating students' enthusiasm for physical exercise, comprehensively improving students' physical fitness and cultivating students' awareness of lifelong sports. In the long run, it is conducive to the implementation of the "National Fitness Plan" and the "Olympic Glory Plan"
Third, ensure the time for young students' sports activities.
The survey shows that the school's failure to implement one hour of physical activity every day is the main reason for the decline of students' physical fitness.
As we all know, physical fitness refers to the speed, strength, endurance, agility and flexibility of the human body to complete various actions, and it is also one of the main indicators of human quality. The improvement of physical fitness can only be achieved through physical exercise. However, at present, the school pays one-sided attention to students' achievements in cultural courses and takes up sports activities at will, which makes students' one-hour sports activities at school not guaranteed, which directly leads to the decline of young students' physical fitness. This is the main reason.
It is suggested that the administrative department of education should take corresponding measures to supervise and inspect the implementation of extracurricular sports activities, ensure that students have one hour of sports activities every day during their school days, and promote the overall improvement of their physical fitness.
Fourth, pay attention to extracurricular sports training and strengthen the cultivation of sports reserve talents.
After-school sports team training is an important aspect of school physical education. The school is the base for training sports reserve talents and the source for transporting sports reserve talents. At the same time, the school sports team also represents a spirit of the school, which is very beneficial to cultivate students' interest in physical exercise and awareness of lifelong sports, and to improve students' physical quality in an all-round way. But why are some excellent sports Xin Wei unwilling to participate in the training of after-school sports teams? Analysis of the reasons is mainly influenced by the "score first" in the entrance examination. Examination-oriented education has seriously dampened students' enthusiasm for participating in after-school sports team training. Primary school students should be admitted to key junior high schools, junior high schools should be admitted to key senior high schools, and high school students must pass graduation exams to take the college entrance examination. It all depends on the score. Participating in after-school training is not worth the loss, and their enthusiasm is low. Faced with these, school leaders and teachers are very helpless.
Therefore, we must change the situation that "quality education is vigorous and exam-oriented education is solid", earnestly promote the development of quality education and accelerate the reform of the entrance examination system. Students' outstanding sports achievements in school should be recognized in the entrance examination and given appropriate rewards. We should learn from the experience of many foreign schools and adopt the principle of giving priority to sports when enrolling students.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) reforms the content and methods of physical education in senior high school entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination.
Most of the senior high school entrance examinations in China have physical education class, which plays a positive role in strengthening physical education in junior and senior high schools. In the process of implementing the senior high school entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination, there are indeed some problems that restrict the reform and development of school physical education curriculum. The most prominent problem is that physical education class, a junior high school graduating class and a sophomore, has become a veritable exam-oriented education, which has seriously affected the all-round development of the graduating students' physical quality.
The physical examination items of senior high school entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination shall be uniformly stipulated by the relevant education administrative departments. In order to improve the enrollment rate, the school forces physical education teachers to replace the physical education class teaching content of the graduating class with prescribed project exercises in the physical education examination, which is a concentrated expression of exam-oriented physical education, seriously impacting the normal development of physical education class teaching in the graduating class, and also affecting the all-round development of the students' physical quality, which violates the guiding ideology of "health first" in the curriculum.
We suggest that the teaching of physical education class in the graduating class must strictly implement the requirements of the curriculum standards and earnestly care about the physical and mental health of the graduating class students. At the same time, it is necessary to constantly improve the examination methods of the senior high school entrance examination and the senior high school entrance examination, and count the physical education class scores of the graduating students into the sports scores, because the physical education class scores of the graduating students are the most objective reflection of the real situation of the physical quality development of the graduating students.
To sum up, there are many reasons for the decline of teenagers' physique at present. In addition to the reasons analyzed above, some factors such as poor school facilities, unbalanced nutrition of students, unhealthy lifestyle and heredity also lead to the decline of physical fitness. We deeply realize that strengthening teenagers' physique is a complex systematic project. The complexity is that quality education is vigorously promoted according to the concept of new curriculum reform, but the college entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination are still moving in the original direction. If this contradiction is not solved, it will be difficult to fundamentally reduce the burden on students and ensure that students have one hour of physical activity at school every day. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the new topic of "how to break through under the baton of entrance examination". In particular, it is necessary to further strengthen the combination of sports and education, give full play to their respective advantages, formulate solid measures, and promote quality education. We should respect the scientific laws of young students' physical and mental development, give them time and space, be interested in them, and educate them in physical education.
Submitted departments: Ministry of Education, State Sports General Administration