I. The concept of physical exercise
From the point of view of sports physiology, people's conscious, purposeful and systematic physical exertion activities, that is, the process of strengthening the alienation of the body, enhancing assimilation in the process of recovery, improving the material reserve level of the body, and thus transforming the body into a more perfect direction, are called physical exercise. Kasper and others believe that the concept of physical activity includes at least three elements, namely, the body displacement caused by skeletal muscle, the consumption of energy from low to high, and the positive impact on physical fitness. From the point of view of sports training, people stimulate the metabolic process of the body through appropriate intensity of physical activity and exercise load. It can arouse the excitement of the tissue system, intensify material metabolism and energy conversion, and cause metabolic imbalance. After a period of proper rest, the phenomenon of excessive physical recovery is called physical exercise. Professor Lu believes that physical exercise, that is, physical exercise, refers to the use of various physical exercises and methods, combined with natural forces and health factors, to develop the body, improve physical fitness, regulate the spirit and enrich cultural life.
Second, exercise scientifically.
The principle of scientific participation in physical exercise
Zhao Houya believes that in order to achieve the goal of physical and mental health, exercisers should follow the following basic principles, namely, the principle of physical health, the principle of gradual progress, the principle of perseverance, the principle of comprehensive exercise, and the principle of adapting to people [3]. He said that scientific physical exercise should pay attention to the following aspects: proceeding from reality, keeping regular, step by step, comprehensive and safe.
(B) the psychological basis of scientific participation in physical exercise
Sports psychology is the basic theory about the psychological changes of athletes during sports training and competition. It is an important theoretical basis for developing athletes' psychological ability and enlightening athletes to deeply understand the true meaning of life and competition. This theory also applies to mass physical exercise. In fact, for many people, the word "physical exercise" seems to be a strange or terrible word, because they never think about exercise, or exercise is a passive thing. In fact, when we are under the pressure of overwork, physical exercise is usually the most powerful way and method to relieve our pressure. When we are unhappy in life and feelings, physical exercise is also a good medicine to divert our attention and adjust our mood.
(C) Sociological basis of scientific participation in physical exercise
Sociology of sports is a discipline that studies the relationship between individuals and groups, individuals and society and the law of their behavior changes. Therefore, to participate in physical exercise scientifically, we must improve the group structure and enlarge the system function. Individuals and their social networks, as well as various sports venues and equipment, constitute a small social system, in which any element can not be ignored. Individuals should choose appropriate exercise items and methods according to their age, gender, physical exercise needs and other different factors; In the personal social network, if friends like fitness, they will also drive themselves to participate in exercise together; If there is a professional social sports instructor to guide, it will be easier to realize scientific physical exercise.