How can we reduce the ground recoil caused by long-distance running? Reduce the damage to the knee? How to reduce calf pain after running? Give me a hand!

Running is one of the oldest forms of exercise. In ancient times, only by running fast and for a long time could we get more prey and protect our own safety. Running belongs to aerobic exercise, which can improve cardiopulmonary function, vascular function, metabolism, body sensitivity and balance, regulate body fat, and cultivate strong and patient quality. With the development of the national fitness campaign, more and more people join the ranks of running.

Running should reach three indicators.

We have been taught since childhood that we should keep exercising. So many people think that once you start running, you must stick to it every day. However, according to the latest sports scientific achievements, running does not need to be forced, as long as the training volume is gradually increased. Generally speaking, in order to achieve a certain training effect, people who run and exercise must meet three basic indicators: the duration is more than 20 minutes; Heart rate is above 120 beats/min (young people); Frequency is more than 3 times a week. In other words, just run 3-4 times a week.

Why is it unnecessary to run every day? Dr. Keiji Yamayama, a professor at Toyama University in Japan and a member of the Scientific Committee of the Japan Athletics Federation, mentioned in the book "Key Guide to Running" that if running is for fitness, it is necessary to cooperate with rest, otherwise fatigue will lead to physical problems.

Generally speaking, you can run for two days and have a day off, or you can run for three days and have a day off.

Exercise can promote health. Based on the theory of "excessive recovery", exercise beyond the normal load of the body can bring stronger stimulation to muscles and internal organs, so the body will think that its components are not strong enough and will organize "resources" to enhance related functions, so the health level and sports ability of the body will rise. But exercise can also bring physical fatigue, so it is necessary to give the body some time to complete the "excessive recovery". Otherwise, it will not only affect normal work and life, but also cause harm.

Determine the number of running days according to physical strength

But if you can't meet the above standards, you can't say that there is no exercise effect. For example, people with poor health only run once a week, and walking and walking on other days can also promote their health. In short, you should decide the number of running days according to your physical strength, work nature and fatigue. As for whether to run that day, it can be decided according to factors such as muscle fatigue, feeling good or bad when waking up in the morning, weight increase or decrease, appetite and so on.

In addition, during running, the ankle joint and knee joint will bear huge impact. Therefore, if athletes are fat, we can consider using other forms of aerobic exercise instead of running, such as swimming, spacewalking and cycling.

Supplemented by other sports.

Running is mainly to strengthen cardiopulmonary function and physical endurance. If you want to get overall health, you need to supplement it with other projects. We recommend running 2-3 times a week and taking part in other sports 2-3 times.

Female friends can choose ballet to improve their posture, yoga to calm their minds and boxing to burn fat. Male friends can choose bodybuilding to increase their muscles, or martial arts courses to improve their physical sensitivity and self-defense ability; Middle-aged and elderly friends can choose Tai Ji Chuan, Taijijian, Yangko and other traditional China projects. In addition, ball games, swimming, hiking, rock climbing and many other "tricks" can enrich the training plan.

One of the keys to burning fat is running at an intensity close to your anaerobic limit (anaerobic threshold). The correct posture can enable you to reach this intensity without wasting extra energy.

Forward is the most important part of running posture. In order to ensure that the forward strength can prevent the deformation of exercise after fatigue, Dr. Yasis suggests strength and stretching exercises. The stretching exercise of runners should be "dynamic stretching", not ordinary static stretching, because running itself is dynamic. Several stretching exercises introduced in this paper can be carried out after warm-up or practice.

1, head and shoulders

The essentials of running-keep your head and shoulders stable. Keep your head forward. Don't lean forward unless the road is uneven. Keep your eyes on the front Relax your shoulders properly and avoid having a chest.

Strength stretch-shrug. Relax your shoulders and droop, then shrug your shoulders as much as possible, stay for a while, and repeat after restoration.

2. Arms and hands

Essentials of running action-the swing arm should move back and forth with the shoulder as the axis, and the range of left and right movement should not exceed the midline of the body. Fingers, wrists and arms should be relaxed, and the elbow angle should be about 90 degrees.

Strength stretching-elbow lifting and swing arm. The arms are in the ready-to-start posture, the elbow joint of the rear swing arm is raised as much as possible, and then the forward swing is relaxed. With the acceleration of the action, it is raised higher and higher.

3. Trunk and buttocks

Running essentials-keep upright from neck to abdomen, instead of leaning forward (unless accelerating or uphill) or leaning back, which is beneficial to breathing, balance and stride. Don't shake your torso from side to side or fluctuate too much. Actively send your hips when your legs swing forward, and pay attention to the rotation and relaxation of your hips when running.

Strength stretching-lunge leg press. Separate your legs back and forth, shoulder width apart, and slowly press down on the center of your body until your muscles are tense, then relax and recover. The torso remains upright all the time.

4, waist

The essentials of running action-keep your waist naturally upright, not too straight. The muscles are slightly tense, so keep the trunk posture and pay attention to buffering the impact of the foot landing.

Dynamic stretching-flexion and extension. Stand naturally, feet apart, shoulder width apart. Bend your torso forward slowly until your hands hang down to your toes, and keep it for a while before recovering.

5, thighs and knees

The essentials of running action-thighs and knees push forward, not up. Any lateral movement of the leg is unnecessary, and it is easy to cause knee joint injury, so the front swing of the thigh should be positive.

Dynamic stretching-front bow. Stand with your feet as wide as your hips. Put your hands behind your head. Bend forward from the hips. Keep your back straight until your biceps feel tense.

6, calf and achilles tendon

The essentials of running action-the foot should fall about a foot in front of the body, close to the center line. Don't cross the calf too far, so as not to strain the achilles tendon due to excessive stress. At the same time, we should pay attention to the cushioning of calf muscles and achilles tendon when landing, and the calf should actively scrape the ground backwards when landing, so that the body can actively move forward. In addition, the calf should swing forward, and the foot should move forward as far as possible, and it can't be everted or everted, otherwise it will easily damage the knee joint and ankle joint. You can check your footprints when running on the beach for reference.

Dynamic stretching-supporting heel lifting. Stand facing the wall for about 1 m, stretch your arms forward shoulder width, and hold the wall with both hands. Raise your heel and then put it down. Feel your calf and achilles tendon tense.

7. Heels and toes

Essentials of running action-If the stride is too large and the calf stretches too far forward, it will follow the ground with its feet, resulting in braking reaction, which is very harmful to bones and joints. When landing correctly, land with the middle of the sole of your foot, so that the impact force can quickly spread to the whole sole.

Strength stretching-sit down and stretch your ankles. Kneel on the ground, keep your hips close to your heels and keep your upper body upright. Slowly press down on the ankle until the extensor digitorum and forefoot feel enough tension. Then lift your hips. Repeat. The movements should be rhythmic and slow.