1. Information sources and channels
The phenomena involved by tourists in the whole travel process can be the source of information. This information mainly enters the brain of tourists through their visual and auditory organs, and also through various senses such as smell, touch and taste. However, due to the outstanding characteristics of each tourist object, each tourist's travel preference and excitement are different, and each tourist will be stimulated differently.
It should be noted that in the process of long-term external information stimulation, various senses often cooperate with each other, thus producing a certain degree of contact. So in quite a few cases, although a certain information is only received through a specific sense, other senses will also respond. This phenomenon is most likely to occur between vision and hearing. For example, "there are more silent words than vocal words" (1), "suddenly looking up like a painting, listening with low ears, and suspecting that there is sound" (2) all indicate that the visual organs have caused the joint reaction of the auditory organs. "Looking at plum to quench thirst" is a joint reaction of taste organs caused by visual organs.
2. Information processing
Through the nerve center to identify, judge, synthesize and process all kinds of information, that is, the thinking process, to form images and concepts, which have an impact on people's feelings and thoughts, so as to achieve the aesthetic effect of tourism. Its process is: external stimulus → sensory → emotional change → analysis and judgment → association → thinking → concept → rational understanding → behavior. But the intensity of different tourism resources is different in stages. Generally speaking, those natural scenery, leisure and entertainment tourism projects that are biased towards eyes and ears are mainly in the first half of the operation process, that is, external stimuli → sensory → emotional changes, and the rest are relatively weak; Those cultural, artistic and social phenomena with strong thoughts and feelings run through the whole thinking process, focusing on the effect of the second half, and have a more obvious impact on people's rational understanding and behavior.
3. Unity of subjectivity and objectivity
As a result of aesthetics, external stimuli will eventually cause people's emotional excitement and ideological changes, thus achieving spiritual "purification". Therefore, the aesthetic process is a unified process of the objective external world and the subjective internal world. Therefore, aesthetics must be the unity of subjectivity and objectivity. That is, as Wu Zaimei said in Travel Notes of World Famous Mountains in the Qing Dynasty, "the outside is for the entertainment of eyes and ears, and the nature of benevolence and wisdom is cultivated inside", and it is bound to be like what Liu Xie said in Wen Xin Diao Shen Long Si in the Southern and Northern Dynasties: "Look at the mountains with affection, and look at the sea with affection". To achieve the so-called "painting theory" of Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is also the so-called "empathy theory" in aesthetics. Therefore, people should give up their indifferent attitude, mobilize their subjective enthusiasm and strive for beauty.
4. Unity of form and content
General aesthetics often divides beauty into natural beauty, formal beauty, social beauty and artistic beauty. They can be subdivided into different categories. For example, formal beauty includes harmony and contrast. Natural beauty and formal beauty easily affect people's senses, quickly cause people's emotional changes and produce perceptual knowledge; Social beauty and artistic beauty focus on ideology and affect rational understanding. But the two cannot be separated, and both require the unity of form and content. This is the basic law of aesthetics.
5. The epochal and class nature of beauty
For any era, any nation, any class or stratum, there is a consistent side, especially in formal beauty. For example, the law of harmonious contrast has never been affirmed. However, beauty has obvious characteristics of the times and class. This is just as Mr. Lu Xun pointed out: laborers will never regard Lin Daiyu's weakness as beauty. Isn't there a difference in the history of China? Tonga, even many Africans, have traditionally regarded obesity as beauty, but now the king of Tonga advocates losing weight.
6. Alienation effect of aesthetics
Also known as the "distance effect". It includes two meanings:
One is psychological distance. That is, in the aesthetic process, although people will still consider the practical needs, it is precisely because of this that beauty has a class nature. On the other hand, the aesthetic subjects, including tourists, must temporarily surpass the practical utilitarian purpose, and can't simply proceed from the actual interests in order to appreciate aesthetics better. If we only proceed from utilitarianism, the ore in the eyes of businessmen has only monetary value and no beauty; Carpenters will find twisted trees useless; Farmers and herdsmen will also think that the stone forest is barren and nothing grows; Mountain people will be troubled by high mountains and dangerous roads, closed environment and inconvenient life. However, these landscapes have high aesthetic value. The utilitarian consideration is based on the needs of material life. Aesthetics is the satisfaction of spiritual life. There are both connections and differences between them. If we ignore the difference between them, it will greatly destroy the aesthetic effect. We must also pay attention to this point in tourism development and management. Tell the story of Meng Jiangnv on the Great Wall, hang a signboard in Dingling, and tell how much the book cost to build the mausoleum, how many people starved to death at that time, and so on. Is to forget the "alienation effect" of aesthetics.
The second is the role of space distance and media. Guo, an ancient poetess of "Ship Back to Changsha": "Nong lives in the east of two lakes, and the twelve beads are red in the evening; Today, I suddenly looked from the river and realized that my family was drawing. "It just shows that because we face each other across the river, we have a spatial distance and face each other across the smoke from the river, the ordinary scenery becomes particularly beautiful. Zhang Dafu's Notes on Plum Blossom Cottage in Ming Dynasty: "Uncle Yan is going to buy wine to break the mountain monastery tonight. On the starting field, Huayou is very cute. If you look at it, you will find a lot of sauce and stones. "The same scenery, night scenes and sun scenes are so different, all because of the different media of light. Chen Jianzhai: The poem Haitang describes the separation effect caused by bamboo curtains.
Of course, there is experience tourism (such as ethnic customs, food tasting, etc. ), fitness, entertainment, scientific investigation, adventure and other tourism projects should try to reduce this sense of alienation, in order to obtain real feelings and detailed understanding.
In spring, traveling abroad begins to heat up again.
Traveling is an activity of spending money to find "hard work" on the road, but most people enjoy it, especially Cantonese people. Go out to play, some people are glad you came, some people get little, and even feel "disappointed". The difference between them lies in whether they are good at finding beauty in play, designing tourism projects and finding suitable tourism routes.
Tourism has an aesthetic value orientation and the choice and arrangement of activities, that is, to think about "what to see" and "how to see" before going out to travel. Only when the tourist objects and projects meet your requirements can you play beautifully and tastefully.
I divide many tourism projects into five categories:
The first is sightseeing. Scenic tours are divided into mountain tours and waterscape tours, and waterscape tours are divided into sea tours and river lake tours.
The second is to visit places of interest. China is an ancient civilization with a history of 5,000 years. There are many fascinating cultural landscapes all over the country, which are not only cultural tastes, but also historical reviews, and also looks up to many ancient buildings. Tourism is an essential and desirable route to find places of interest, and it is also the goal of "walking". It depends on Chang 'an in Daqin and Western Han Dynasty, where there are Terracotta Warriors, Huaqing Pool, Wild Goose Pagoda, Ganling and so on. An unearthed "historical exhibition" is unforgettable. Experience local snacks and Qinhuai River customs, and you can go to Jinling Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, to recall the charming talents of the Southern Dynasties. Of course, the most worth visiting is Beijing, the size of the Forbidden City, which makes you linger and marvel at the ingenuity of China's predecessors.
The third is the film and television city tour. This is a special tourism project developed with the rapid development of modern science and technology and art in recent years. The rapid development of film and television art has brought prosperity to the cause of location shooting. While filming and making film and television works, people left behind a series of quaint and lifelike film and television cities, creating a brand-new tourism market full of artistic taste and atmosphere everywhere. Due to the group effect brought by the broadcast of film and television works on the screen and the appeal of famous editors, directors and actors, Film and Television City has become another choice for tourists to travel abroad.
The fourth is the celebrity trail tour. Worship celebrities and great men, and visiting the former residences of celebrities at home and abroad, as well as the places where they have lived and worked, is another tourist project that tourists are very keen on in recent years. During the tour, you can feel the growth process of celebrities and great men, and get inspiration from it. Maybe you will re-evaluate and choose the direction and value of life.
The fifth is the journey of historical events. History is the shadow of reality and stays in people's memory forever. Memory takes people into history. Emerging historical event tours often bring tourists multiple appreciation and three-dimensional thinking about natural landscape, human landscape and historical culture. Looking for historical footprints means looking for a comparative mirror for today and recalling historical experiences and lessons from past major events.
Of course, the above five kinds of tourism projects are the most common projects in the tourism process. In addition, there are artificial landscape tours and animal world tours. When you choose the right project, implement the content of "walking" and enter the scenic spots you have long liked, you will grow a pair of "discovery" eyes, discover "beautiful" things, relive the pleasure and thinking brought by the landscape, and thus achieve physical fitness and mental health during the tour.
China's garden art creation combines poetry and songs with natural scenery. A good title can improve the style of a garden, add "bookish spirit" to the garden, make the finishing touch to the garden landscape, make visitors feel the cultural accomplishment and historical origin of a garden, deepen their understanding of the artistic characteristics and styles of the garden landscape, thus increasing interest and making people memorable.
There are many scenic spots in the summer resort, and the titles have their own characteristics. The content is divided into birds, animals, insects and fish, spring, summer, autumn and winter, flowers and leaves, clouds and mountains, water and the moon. They are tangible, colorful, festive, sometimes tasteful, audio-visual, emotional, realistic, freehand or scenic, so that poetry and painting are integrated into the scene. The titles of animal themes, such as Test Horse, Reindeer Slope, Watching Fish in the Rocks, Yingying Arbor, or galloping horses, flocks of elk, shallow fish, or euphemistically singing birds, are vividly displayed in front of us, rendering the natural wildness of the villa. Others highlight the seasonal characteristics of the villa: pear blossoms in the spring breeze overnight, crystal pear blossoms accompanied by harmonious moonlight, which is the artistic conception described by "pear blossoms with the moon"; In midsummer, the heat is unbearable, "smoke makes it cool" means "there are beautiful mountains around, ten miles of Pinghu, which makes it cool"; In autumn, the light frost is first dyed, and "Yin Hong Xie" is the best place to appreciate and chant the red maple forest; Climb the "Nanshan Snow" in winter and look at Nanshan in the distance. It can be seen that the snow on the ridge lasts for a long time and is as white as jade. The scenery of the four seasons can be enjoyed. The titles of Sunrise in Xiling and Sunset at Hammer Peak explain the time, object and landscape characteristics of enjoying the scenery in concise words. The former refers to the Gu Feng on the west side of the villa, and the scenery reflected by Xia Guang whenever the sun rises; The latter means that when the sun goes down, you can enjoy the magnificent scenery of Hammer Peak outside the village at sunset. Some take advantage of the situation skillfully, for example, fragrance overflows far away, warm current and noise borrow the sound of water, listening to the wind makes fun, and Green Island in Qingfeng adds luster by color, and observing its color, listening to its sound and smelling its taste will enrich the content of viewing.
The titles of many scenic spots in the villa are based on the artistic conception of ancient poems and slightly adapted from existing ready-made poems. For example, "Walking Clouds and Flowing Water" is taken from Du Fu's "Jiang Ting", "The water is not trembling, and the cloud is not as good as it is"; "Moonlight River Sound" is taken from Su Dongpo's "Red Cliff Fu", "The moon is bright and the wind is clear ... the river flows with sound"; "One mirror and two lakes" has changed from Li Bai's poem "One mirror and two waters, one rainbow and two bridges" ... These poetic titles have brought tourists into the kingdom of poetry and left people with a broad thinking world. In addition, some titles reflect the political ambitions, moral concepts, thoughts and feelings of Kangxi and Qianlong. For example, Lotus Jing Bo Cheng expresses Emperor Kangxi's pursuit of quietness, lust, prudence and sincerity. "Understanding Tang De" is the reason why Emperor Qianlong used it to prevent the growth of insatiable thoughts. In turn, it integrated the philosophy of life into scenic spots, making people think deeply and get enlightenment from it.
The name of the scenic spot in the summer resort can make tourists know about the natural scenery, garden architecture and political thought in Kanggan period, and highlight the artistic characteristics of the garden, which is an indispensable part of the gardening art.