abstract
The Battle of Nomenham, or the Battle of the Haraha River, was a war between Japan and the Soviet Union in the Far East during World War II. Japan calls the events from May 1 1 to the first ten days of June "1"? , that is, the 1 Nomenham event; From then until September 6, 2006, the ceasefire was called the second "ノモンハンンン" incident? That is, the second Nomenham incident.
The war broke out in Nomenham on the Manchu-Mongolian border in 1939. The Japanese and Russian armies fought on behalf of Manchukuo and Mongolia respectively, but Japan and Russia did not formally declare war. The war ended in a fiasco of the Japanese Kwantung Army. Japan and Russia have been at peace since World War II, until the United States dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, when the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and launched the August storm invasion of Manchukuo. 1945.
background
Due to geopolitical conflicts, Japan and Russia went to war many times in modern times. 1904, a full-scale Russo-Japanese war broke out in the northeast of China. As a result, Japan won, northeast China fell into the sphere of Japanese influence, and Russia was forced to cede the southern part of Sakhalin Island to Japan. 193 1 year, the Japanese kwantung army launched the September 18th incident, which completely occupied the three northeastern provinces of China, and then in 1932, Manchukuo, which was subordinate to Japan, was established. China's Outer Mongolia, with the support of the Soviet Union, declared its independence in 192 1 and established the Mongolian People's Republic, obeying the Soviet Union. Manchukuo and Mongolia are neighbors, with Japanese and Soviet troops respectively. Both sides have border disputes in many areas. 1in July, 938, the Japanese and Russian armies clashed in Zhang Gufeng, where China, the Soviet Union and the DPRK meet. Results A month later, in August of 10, the two sides reached an armistice agreement through negotiation.
event
In May 1939, 1 1, about seven to ninety Mongolian cavalry grazed in the area east of the Halaha River and near Nomenhan (now southwest of Hulunbeier League in Inner Mongolia, China and west of Aershan). Japan and Manchuria believe that the border between Manchuria and Mongolia should be on the Haraha River, which is the territory of Manchuria, while the Soviet Union and Mongolia believe that the border is about 16 km east of Hedong and east of Nomenham, which is the territory of Mongolia. Mongolian cavalry was expelled by Manchu cavalry. Two days later, Mongolian cavalry arrived with reinforcements and stationed there again, but Manchu soldiers failed to drive them away.
At this time, the Japanese Kwantung Army decided to intervene. 13 May or 14 May, Lieutenant General Dong Babai, captain of Quesuo, Komatsubara Division of Kwantung Army, dispatched about 300 Manchukuo soldiers and successfully drove off Mongolian cavalry on May 15. Under Stalin's instructions, the Soviet Red Army prepared a counter-offensive plan and decided that zhukov was in charge of the command. From May 28th to May 29th, with the support of armored forces, the Soviet Union defeated the Japanese army with superior forces. The strength of the command team of East Lieutenant Colonel was reduced by 63%: 8 officers and 97 soldiers were killed, 1 officer and 33 soldiers were injured.
After that, throughout June, the Soviet Union sent more troops near Nomenham and on both sides of the Haraha River to attack Manchukuo soldiers.
At the end of June, the Japanese army launched a counterattack. On June 30th, Komatsubara divisions issued an attack order, and attacked the Soviet troops east of the Haraha River in two ways from the north. Some of these troops even crossed the Halaha River on July 1, in order to stop Soviet reinforcements and cut off the Soviet retreat in Hedong. However, the Japanese offensive in Hexi was blocked. Zhukov assembled about 200 tanks and 300 armored vehicles to fight back with armored forces. On July 3, the Japanese army retreated to the east bank of the river. The Japanese army in Hedong failed to repel the Soviet army. The two sides increased artillery reinforcements from the rear. At the end of July, a Japanese counterattack still failed to drive the Soviets out of Hedong. The two sides have been fighting in the summer.
In mid-August, under the command of zhukov, the Soviet army launched a major attack on the 30-kilometer-long front. The Soviet army invested about 57,000 troops to cooperate with shelling and air support. The northern wing was first attacked by mechanized infantry to attract Japanese reinforcements. In the middle is the infantry to contain the Japanese main force. In the south wing, an infantry division, an armored brigade, about 1 10,000 people and 300 tanks were concentrated. With the help of artillery and air force, they quickly detoured north and surrounded the Japanese army in Hedong from the flank. On August 20th, Soviet troops crossed the river.
The Japanese army's operational strategy is to block the enemy's attack from the front line, wait for the Soviet attack to weaken, and surround the Soviet reinforcements from the side. However, the Soviet Blitzkrieg-style three-dimensional mobile operations, especially a large number of armored forces, quickly defeated the Japanese army at the front. On August 24, the north and south wings of the Soviet army were surrounded in Nomenham. The main forces of the two divisions of the Japanese Kwantung Army (the 7th Division and the 23rd Division) were surrounded. On August 27th, the Japanese army failed to break through. After the Japanese refused to surrender, zhukov concentrated artillery and air force to annihilate the besieged Japanese army.
result
1in mid-August, 939, the situation in Europe changed dramatically. The Soviet Union and Japan also stepped up diplomatic negotiations after the end of August. Although the Soviet army won the battle of the Far East, it had no intention of expanding the results. The two sides ceased fire on September 16, and the incident ended with Japan's concession to recognize the existing border. 1940 On June 9, the Soviet Union and Japan formally concluded an agreement.
casualties
In the four-month-long war, about 8,000 of the 30,000 Japanese soldiers who participated in the war died and 9,000 were injured. The Soviet army invested about 57 thousand infantry, 500 tanks and 350 armored vehicles; The official death toll is 9,000. However, according to the archives declassified after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 199 1, the real death toll in the Soviet Union was about 7,000, with more than 1000 missing and another16,000 injured.