Baroque used to be a huge and asymmetrical mussel bead, but now "Baroque" simply refers to17th century art and its unique style.
Baroque means "deformed pearl" (strange meaning) in Italian, and its main features are as follows.
1. Dynamic irregularity.
2. Not practical.
3. Rich in religion and noble majesty.
4. Bright colors.
5. Give up the classical form.
6. The space is deep.
Baroque style prevailed from17th century to18th century, which shaped the aristocratic art in churches or courts in European countries. The name Baroque may come from the Portuguese word barroco, which means irregular pearl. There is also a saying that comes from the name of the painter F.Barocci or Barocci. Baroque originally meant "weird", "bad style", "too much whirlpool decoration" and so on. In art, artists use bold colors and exaggerated decorations to enhance their works. Jacob Hald thinks that the architecture and painting in the17th century showed a degenerate Renaissance style. However, this view was revised by Heinrich Wolflin around AD 1900. He was the first person to point out the positive contribution of baroque art and the essence of great art, and he washed away the inferior meaning of the word baroque.
The baroque period started from 1600 BC and ended with Bach's death in 1750, and entered the classical period. Some people classify the baroque period as the beginning of the classical period. Baroque period is also called "digital bass period". "Digital bass" is a kind of harmony method to express bass symbols, and the main intervals and chords are represented by numbers. This shorthand method was widely used in Baroque period, and it was also the main feature of Baroque music. To explain briefly, you can imagine young people singing with guitars first. Some people may have noticed that in their songbooks, besides melody notation, there are also some guitar chord marks, which are conceptually the same as the "digital bass" in the Baroque period. Digital bass leads to two main contours in the song structure, namely melody and bass, and leaves some gaps for inserting improvisational harmony. However, in Germany, not only has another structure "polyphonic music", which is opposite to this structure, been maintained, but it has also reached a perfect peak in Bach's music.
Another important aspect of baroque temporality is the emergence of tonality system. The application of digital bass gave rise to a new concept of harmony in music, which replaced the voice combination effect of polyphonic music based on counterpoint, that is to say, the scale system based on harmony theory gradually became the mainstream of music creation in Baroque period. In addition, the main development of instrumental music began in the17th century, one of the reasons is related to the development of opera, drama and other dramatic music in the Baroque period. Because the performance of opera and drama must be applied to harpsichord, organ or orchestra, composers have invisibly improved their mastery of the timbre and performance skills of various instruments when creating opera and drama, which makes them more successful in instrumental music creation. The second reason is that in the Baroque period in northern Italian cremona, Amadi, Guanelli, stradivari and other piano-making families appeared. They produced a large number of excellent violins, which greatly improved the expressive force of stringed instruments. Good musical instruments and some excellent performers at that time naturally made composers happy to write instrumental music. Another principle of baroque style is "contrast effect", which is manifested in the sudden change of early songs, the alternation of "solo-unison" in "Grand Concerto" and the echo effect of vocal music and organ music. The early Baroque music showed amazing willfulness, richness and irregularity in its songs and touch music, while later composers, such as giacomo and Corelli, represented a more self-control and regular tendency.
The artistic style of the Renaissance refers to an innovative spirit, which originated in Italy and influenced the whole of Europe from 14 to 16 centuries.
The humanistic artistic style of. The word "Renaissance" comes from the French Renaissance, which means "rebirth".
This refers to "the rebirth of classical culture", originally "the French historian Julius michele and Swiss cultural history in the century"
It was used by scientist Jacob Burckhardt, but its origin came from Italy in16th century. Italy is known as the "father of art history".
Rinovare (meaning "update") and rinascer were used by vasari when writing biographies of Italian artists from 14 to16th century.
E and rinascita (meaning "regeneration") to distinguish them from Gothic and Byzantine art.
The beginning of Renaissance art can be traced back to/kloc-the sculpture of Italian Pisano and his son and the painting of Giorgio Ma Bei in the early 4th century.
His disciple Giotto's painting and architectural design. Their works began to highlight the concept of "humanism".
Boldly affirm the life and nature in the world, pay attention to the scientific study of man and nature in form and skill, and borrow Back to Ancient Times.
The slogan "Go" absorbed the experience of architecture, sculpture and painting in ancient Greece and Rome, and embodied Gothic art in style.
Combining with classical art, and making a new breakthrough on this basis. Its architecture adopts the ancient Greek and Roman style, and mostly adopts the Greek style.
Stone pillars and Romanesque domes, their sculptures show the mellow and natural trend of classical sculpture, while their paintings are devoted to personality and
The depiction of expression is full of human feelings. This new artistic style has spread all over Europe since it was blown up in Italy, especially in 1920.
Holland, Germany, France, Britain, Spain and other places have made further development.
Renaissance architecture first rose in Florence, Italy, and then spread to Venice, Rome and other cities and countries such as France and Germany.
. Most of the buildings in this style are secular official residences and villas, which are characterized by using semi-circular arch coupons according to the proportion of classical columns.
As well as the dome-centered architectural forms, typical examples are the Medici Mansion in Florence and the rotunda villa in Vicenza.
And the Fontainebleau Palace in France. This style has also penetrated into Catholic church buildings, and people rebuilt the church when building it.
Use ancient Greek stone pillars and Roman domes. In the internal structure of the church, its altar and nave are no longer separated.
The hall area is enlarged, the seats are increased, and the secular color is aggravated. For example, the church of St. Lao Lunzuo designed by Bruliansky.
On the basis of Romanesque architectural style, the structure of the arcade was transformed, and the Buddha statue was designed and built by it.
The octagonal dome of Longsa Cathedral has a Greek-style cylindrical spire pavilion in the center of its lantern-shaped crown. another
Architect Aberdeen also designed the suburb of Florence with reference to the Pantheon style of ancient Rome and the gables style of ancient Greece.
Church of San Andreas. St Peter's Cathedral in Rome, rebuilt in 1506, has the artistic style of Romanesque and Renaissance.
The masterpiece of the organic combination of lattice, many famous artists such as Bramont, Raphael, Michelangelo, Sangaro and Bay.
Erni and others participated in the design and construction of the hall.
In terms of sculpture, the representative works of the early Renaissance include the Florence Baptistery, which Michelangelo lamented as the "Gate of Heaven".
Twenty-eight relief paintings "The Sacrifice of Isaac" on the second door and 10 relief painting "Yue Se Disaster Relief" on the third door were published.
Since Kiberti's hand. Donatello statues such as St George, David and Maria Magdalene are also very popular.
It is famous for its development from Renaissance art to pretentious style. And a large number of sculptures created by Michelangelo
In his works, the sculpture art of the Renaissance reached its peak, especially his marble statue "Mourning the Virgin".
Du ","Moses. David and David still have their artistic charm and maintain a superb posture.
The painting art in the Renaissance presented the most prosperous situation. The famous painter Giotto is called "the father of modern painting".
His life paintings of Christ, the Virgin Mary and other biblical figures are vivid and realistic, representing the late period.
Gothic art has transitioned to the Renaissance art era, and it fled to Egypt, judas kiss and St. Francis.
Murals such as "Every Bird" are amazing and full of praise. Italian painting in the early Renaissance can be divided into Florence.
Sa School, Siena School, Patouillet Lat School, Venetian School, Ferrara School, Milan School. The Renaissance
Famous paintings reflecting the Catholic theme in its heyday include leonardo da vinci's Angels, Our Lady of Rock and Roll and
The Last Supper, Raphael's doctrinal analysis and many portraits of the Virgin Mary represented by the Sistine Madonna.
And Michelangelo's dome painting Genesis and altar painting The Last Judgment. Late Italian Renaissance
There is a tendency of "affectation" in works of art, and painting mainly imitates the masters of the Renaissance, that is,
Michelangelo's modeling, Raphael's composition, Titian's color. German Renaissance art was influenced by religion.
Influenced by the reform movement, famous painters such as Diu Lei, holbein Jr., Carrana Hull and Grunewald emerged.