1 elements of medical students' innovative ability and existing problems
Innovation ability is the ability of individuals to use the existing basic knowledge and available materials to master the frontier knowledge of related disciplines and produce some novel and unique ideas, viewpoints, methods and products with social or personal value. Including the following elements: (1) innovative consciousness. Including students' curiosity, thirst for knowledge, awareness of being good at raising new questions, awareness of using unusual methods and awareness of actively participating in innovative activities. (2) Innovative spirit. It includes the pioneering spirit of active research and striving for progress, and the scientific spirit of daring to take risks, doubt and criticize. (3) Innovation ability, mainly including creative thinking ability and creative operation ability. (4) Innovative personality refers to an independent personality with extensive and lasting interest in inquiry, optimistic and cheerful emotions, perseverance, firm self-confidence and innovation. At present, the innovation ability of medical students in China is still relatively low. Mainly reflected in the following aspects.
1. 1 innovative, but not good at using and creating conditions.
Medical students generally have the motivation to innovate and have a certain understanding of innovation, hoping to produce new ideas and theories in their study and actively seek new learning methods. However, due to the limitations of creative learning in schools and students' failure to create and make full use of the conditions of schools, they often fail to grasp the latest development of their own disciplines, often work behind closed doors, fail to consult knowledgeable and experienced teachers or classmates, and do not pay attention to knowledge transfer in related disciplines. These restrict the further development of students' innovative ability.
1.2 is quick-thinking, but lacks innovative thinking mode.
With the accumulation of knowledge and experience, medical students' imagination is gradually enriched, and their thinking ability, especially logical thinking ability, has developed to a great extent, and their thinking is more agile. However, due to their narrow knowledge and lack of reasonable integration between disciplines, their thinking mode is often single and linear, which makes them lack flexibility and comprehensiveness in thinking.
1.3 is inspired, but lacks innovative skills.
Many medical students have left some temporary neural connections in the cerebral cortex after long-term mental work. Under the induction and guidance of specific factors, these temporary neural connections will be connected and stimulated. However, due to the lack of innovative skills of students, although there are inspirations, these inspirations are short-lived and lack of horizontal connection, and the inspiration is ultimately a flash in the pan.
1.4 has the enthusiasm for innovation, but the unique innovation goal is unclear.
Through learning and the guidance of teachers, medical students have a certain enthusiasm for innovation. Due to the lack of extensive communication and comprehensive understanding of society, their innovation goals are not clear enough.
It can be seen that medical students have innovative potential, and the university period is the best period for medical students to form their innovative spirit and cultivate their innovative ability. If appropriate methods are adopted, their innovation ability can be greatly improved. On the contrary, if innovation education is not carried out, the innovation potential of medical students is likely to shrink or even disappear. Educators should shoulder the heavy responsibility of cultivating young people's innovative ability.
2. Cultivation of medical students' innovative ability
2. 1 Teachers update their educational concepts
Teachers should fully realize that innovation is the requirement of the times, and social progress and national prosperity cannot be separated from innovation. Therefore, strengthening the cultivation of medical students' scientific and technological innovation ability has become an inevitable feature of the education of the times. Colleges and universities should stand at the height of meeting the knowledge economy in the new century, focus on and start to cultivate high-level medical students with innovative ability, change the values, quality and talent views that are not conducive to the cultivation of innovative talents in educational thoughts, firmly establish new educational concepts of innovative education, quality education, lifelong education, open education and personality education, consciously cultivate medical students' innovative consciousness and enhance their innovative ability.
2.2 Cultivation of innovative personality of medical students
Innovative personality is mainly manifested as: good thinking quality; Independent personality characteristics, such as skepticism, innovative consciousness and not superstitious authority; Excellent will quality; Strong thirst for knowledge; Endless enterprising spirit. Students with innovative personality often show initiative, keen sense, strong insight, independent judgment, acceptance of new experiences and skepticism. These are all needed for innovation, which is the so-called innovative personality. Innovative personality has considerable integrity and persistence, which will have a positive and decisive impact on students' future development.
In order to shape students' innovative personality, we should protect students' curiosity, relieve students' fear of mistakes, encourage originality and diversity, and encourage fantasy; Encourage contact with creative people. For example, it is very important to stimulate students' enthusiasm for scientific exploration and initiative by combining the vivid deeds of contemporary Chinese scientists fighting for the motherland's strength.
2.3 The main channel to cultivate medical students' innovative ability is classroom teaching.
In order to play the role of classroom teaching as the main channel, teaching reform must be carried out.
First of all, in terms of teaching content, teachers should not only spread specific professional knowledge around the frontier issues of subject development, but also reveal the history, concepts, methods and spirit behind the knowledge, especially the innovative spirit of humanistic content and the introduction of the innovative process of scientific history, so that classroom teaching can become the source of "multi-dimensional nutrition". Medical colleges and universities should set up a series of special courses such as creativity and scientific research paper writing according to the needs of innovative talents and students' innovative thinking and skill improvement, focusing on introducing creative skills and scientific research methods to students, such as how to select topics, how to collect, analyze and sort out materials, how to refine arguments (viewpoints), how to plan layout and arrange paper structure, etc. How to demonstrate; How to modify the manuscript, understand the writing format and norms of the paper, and so on. At the same time, consciously arrange some comprehensive big homework or small thesis topics, give students basic training in scientific research and innovation, and then teachers give necessary guidance and counseling, so that students can initially master the methods and ways of scientific research and innovation. Make college students rely on a major and focus on interdisciplinary comprehensive training. This can not only optimize students' knowledge structure, improve the ability and level of scientific research and innovation, and prepare for further study in a certain major in the future, but also help to develop students' special interests, make them learn knowledge well and improve their enthusiasm for innovation.
Secondly, in terms of teaching methods, teachers should "take students as the main body and students' development as the center", return the classroom to students, and pay attention to creating a harmonious and democratic classroom teaching atmosphere, so that the psychological state of teacher-student communication can reach the best level and ensure students' good mood.
Our research group has carried out experimental research on inquiry teaching method, advocated heuristic teaching and democratic discussion teaching, created a harmonious and vivid atmosphere for students in the open classroom, mobilized students' initiative and consciousness, stimulated positive thinking, and made all kinds of intellectual and non-intellectual innovation factors in the best activity state, thus improving teaching efficiency. This teaching method is manifested in the interaction of the main body. (1) In class, students should not only explore independently, but also have dialogues and discussions with students and teachers, so as to realize mutual communication and exchanges between teachers and students, between students and between individuals and groups. (2) Using the inquiry form of group learning, so that each student has a clear learning task.
Teachers should actively adopt modern information technology and modern educational technology to attract students' attention, create teaching situations and create a good learning atmosphere through vivid multimedia teaching and online teaching. Therefore, expand the depth and breadth of teaching, stimulate students' learning motivation, develop potential and cultivate innovative consciousness. For example, the course "Inner Ear Anatomy" is very abstract. Using the advantages of multimedia, the abstract is turned into concrete with graphics and charts to help students understand and master the structure of the inner ear and inspire their thinking. Students learn easily, teachers save effort and improve teaching efficiency.
Finally, reform the examination method. The examination of medical students in colleges and universities can pay equal attention to knowledge and ability, combine theory with practice, and focus on testing students' ability to understand, master and flexibly use medical knowledge and practical operation. Written answers can be combined with scientific research papers and operation modes to test not only knowledge, but also ability and comprehensive quality, so as to promote medical students to actively improve their innovative consciousness and ability.
2.4 Strengthening practical teaching is an important way to cultivate medical students' innovative ability.
Experimental and practical teaching of medical students is an important part of classroom teaching. Under the guidance of teachers, students should design experiments and practice plans, carry out exploratory practice activities, and cultivate the ability to consult and use literature, organize and coordinate, ask questions, analyze and solve problems in success and failure. Social practice activities can strengthen the cultivation of professional ideals, professional ethics and professional habits, cultivate students' ability to solve practical problems by comprehensively applying what they have learned, and broaden their knowledge.
2.5 Create an innovative environment and atmosphere on campus.
We should make full use of the second classroom and let students participate in colorful scientific and cultural activities, which is also an important way to cultivate and train students' innovative ability. First of all, all departments should strive to create conditions for the implementation of innovative education and provide policy, venue and financial support. Jiamusi University and the affiliated teaching hospital jointly set up a long-term teaching practice base for medical students, set up an open laboratory, and set up an experimental base for innovative education to provide opportunities and places for medical students to practice and further cultivate, exercise and improve their innovative consciousness and ability. The school also set up a special fund to create a training base for college students' innovative ability and encourage students to participate in scientific and technological activities. Secondly, the invention and innovation design competition is carried out to stimulate students' enthusiasm for innovation, give necessary support to some innovative designs with development value and realize industrialization. Thirdly, students are encouraged to participate in teachers' scientific research projects, or they can draw up their own projects, and the school gives financial support, such as setting up student academic fund projects and open laboratory fund projects, and selecting teachers to guide them. Students' scientific and technological activities should be inspected and evaluated regularly to cultivate their innovative perseverance and sense of responsibility. Finally, various academic lectures, academic salons and scientific reports of college students are held regularly, and college students' essays are published to encourage students to actively participate in academic activities and strengthen their sense of innovation; Give full play to their creative talents; Establish an incentive competition mechanism, hold various forms of competition activities, commend and reward students with outstanding innovation achievements, and serve as an important basis for selecting outstanding students, recommending graduate students without examination and awarding scholarships. Students who have achieved national or provincial (ministerial) innovation achievements, as well as students who have achieved results in innovative practice activities inside and outside the school, may apply for exemption from relevant course credits, medical means or technical design or graduation thesis credits.
2.6 Construction of innovative teachers
The cultivation of innovative talents depends on innovative teachers. Innovative education requires teachers to have the consciousness and ability of scientific and technological innovation. College teachers should change from "experience" to "research" and "innovation", make full use of scientific research and teaching platform, actively carry out scientific research and teaching research, and improve their innovative quality. Through scientific research, make yourself at the forefront of scientific development and keep abreast of the latest scientific and technological achievements in this field; Through teaching research, I can renew my educational concept, constantly improve my teaching and improve my teaching quality. Colleges and universities should formulate relevant policies, encourage teachers to carry out teaching and scientific research, give preferential policies in project establishment, capital investment and hardware construction, promote platform construction, and provide a broad stage for teachers to carry out innovative work. Establish a competitive incentive mechanism, urge teachers to constantly improve and enrich themselves under certain post competition pressure, stimulate teachers' comprehensive potential, mobilize teachers' enthusiasm and creativity, and thus improve teachers' comprehensive quality.