Scientific name: strawberry.
Alias: Oleaceae, Laurel, Murraya, Family, Genus: Oleaceae, Oleaceae.
Osmanthus fragrans is a perennial evergreen shrub or small tree of Oleaceae, and its height can reach seven meters. Leaves opposite, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, leathery. Flowering in autumn, flowers clustered in leaf axils, yellow or yellow-white.
Cinnamon has been recognized as having medicinal value since ancient times, and Shuo Wen Jie Zi explains that cinnamon is the "master of all kinds of medicines".
According to Ben Jing quoted in Compendium of Materia Medica, the medicinal value of Cinnamomum cassia is: "Treating all diseases, nourishing the mind and supplementing the color, hiring a general agent for all kinds of medicines first, never getting old after a long service, and being bright and charming."
The flowers of osmanthus trees have the functions of "promoting fluid production, removing odor, resolving phlegm, treating toothache caused by wind insects and moistening hair".
At present, Chinese medicine still believes that Guizhi (the new dry twig of Guizhi) has the functions of sweating, relieving the cold of muscle surface and limbs and warming meridians, and is a good medicine for treating wind-cold-dampness arthralgia.
Judging from the above medicinal properties of Cinnamomum cassia, it can really cure diseases, strengthen the body and prolong life, so the record that Peng Zu often eats Cinnamomum cassia is credible.
The ancients called "Zhi" as "Shen Cao", but in Search of Ji Shen, Gui, which was listed as a medicine by doctors and people, was regarded as an elixir, deifying the medicinal properties of Gui and calling it "Gui Zhi", which fully shows that eating Gui often can prolong life.
Cinnamon: Also known as cinnamon. Sweet and hot in nature, it has the effects of nourishing yang, warming spleen and stomach, dispelling cold and dredging blood vessels.
Indications: kidney-yang deficiency, chills and pains, chronic diarrhea, etc.
According to legend, osmanthus trees in front of Guanghan Palace on the moon are flourishing, reaching more than 500 feet. There is a man who often cuts, but after each cut, the cut place closes immediately. For thousands of years, this laurel tree can never be cut down. It is said that this tree-chopping man named WU GANG, a native of Xihe in Han Dynasty, once went to heaven with the immortal, but when he made a mistake, the immortal banished him to the Moon Palace and did this kind of hard work in vain every day as a punishment. In Li Bai's poems, there is a record that "if you want to be in the middle of the month, you will pay for the cold."
Scientific name: osmanthus fragrans
English name: osmanthus fragrans
Alias: Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans, Murraya murraya.
Family name: Oleaceae
Origin and Habit: It is found in southwest China, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hubei and other provinces, and also distributed in India, Nepal and Cambodia. For evergreen shrubs or small trees. I like light, but I need some shade at the seedling stage. Like warm and ventilated environment, not cold-resistant. Suitable for acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich humus, avoid alkaline soil and stagnant water. Usually, it can bloom twice in a row, with an interval of about 15 days. Flowering: September -65438+ 10.
Morphological characteristics: plant height is about 15m, bark is rough, taupe or grayish white leaves are opposite, ovoid, ovoid to lanceolate, and the whole or upper part is sparsely serrated. Flowers cluster in leaf axils to form cymes. The flowers are small, yellow and white, and very fragrant.
Propagation and cultivation: sowing, layering, grafting and cutting propagation. When 65438+ 10 is sown in autumn in the same year or in spring in the next year, the initial flowering period of seedlings is late, so it is difficult to maintain the original characteristics of varieties. Layered propagation is used to propagate improved varieties. Grafting propagation is a common method. Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, small wax, water wax, tassel and ash tree are used as rootstocks for grafting or cutting. Cutting propagation is mostly carried out from mid-June to late August. Transplanting is often carried out after flowering in autumn or spring, and it can also be transplanted in rainy season. Large seedlings need soil balls, and more base fertilizer should be applied to planting holes. Potted osmanthus can be placed in the courtyard sunshine in summer without shading, and it can be safely wintered indoors in winter. Pests and diseases include Fusarium wilt, dead branch disease, Osmanthus fragrans, citrus whitefly, grasshopper and so on.
Application: Osmanthus fragrans is evergreen all year round, and its flowering period is in the Mid-Autumn Festival. It has the reputation of "monopolizing Sanqiu and overriding everything". It is usually planted alone, opposite or clustered in the garden. Good material for potted plants.
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(1) name
Scientific name: Osmanthus fragrans, English name: Osmanthus fragrans, alias: Osmanthus fragrans has many aliases: it is called "Gui" because of its leaves; Its texture is like rhinoceros, also known as osmanthus; It is called "Xianyou" because of its elegance and purity, and its fragrance is overflowing; Osmanthus fragrans is also called "fairy tree" and "in the old flower of the moon". Osmanthus fragrans generally grows on rock ridges, also known as "rock osmanthus"; Osmanthus fragrans has a far-reaching fragrance when it blooms, and its fragrance is clear and rich, and it can be washed far-reaching, so it has the reputation of "nine-mile scent"; Yellow flowers are as thin as millet, so they are also called "golden millet"; Osmanthus fragrans is a "Xianke"; Flowers bloom in autumn, and it is said that the autumn god belongs to the west, so it is also called "Xixiang" or "Autumn Township"; Although the osmanthus flower is small, it has a strong aroma and is called "golden autumn pride"; If you look closely, you will find that the flower of osmanthus fragrans is tubular and consists of five small petals, which is called "corolla tube"; After the Han and Jin Dynasties, people began to associate osmanthus with the moon, weaving many beautiful legends such as the Moon Palace and the land where Wu Gang cut laurel, so it was also called "Gui". Therefore, the moon is also called "Ghost Palace" and "Ghost Woman".
(2) Origin and distribution:
Osmanthus fragrans is native to the eastern Himalayas in southwest China, and also distributed in India, Nepal and Cambodia. Now there are wild plants in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hubei provinces. They are widely planted in the Huaihe River basin south of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and many potted plants are also planted in the north. Relatively concentrated producing areas are Guangfu in Suzhou, Jiangsu, Bai Dun in Xianning, Hubei, Manjue in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Yangshuo in Guilin, Guangxi, Guishuo in Xinxiang, Sichuan and other places. In addition, Wuhan, Nanjing, Chongqing, Changsha and other cities have also been planted in large quantities recently. Osmanthus fragrans is cultivated in Japan and India. From 65438 to 70s, it was introduced to Britain from Guangzhou, China, and 1789 cultivated the Royal Kew Garden. Later, it was introduced to some European countries. However, only some countries along the Mediterranean coast can successfully introduce them and cultivate them in the open field.
(3) Morphological characteristics:
Osmanthus fragrans is an evergreen broad-leaved tree, which is as high as 15 meters in the wild or planted underground, and its crown can reach 400 square meters. The height of potted adult osmanthus fragrans is 2-3 meters, and the crown can reach 2-3 meters. Bark is rough, grayish brown or grayish white, sometimes showing lenticels. It is often a stout shrub, which can become an obvious trunk after close planting or pruning. Hanging flowers have strong branching and low technical points, especially in the early stage, and often appear shrub-like for a long time.
(4) Ecological habits:
Osmanthus fragrans likes warm environment, and should grow in acid sandy loam with deep soil layer, good drainage, fertility and rich humus. Not drought-tolerant and barren, it grows very slowly in shallow, hardened and barren soil, with few branches and leaves, thin leaves, yellow leaves, no flowers or few flowers, and even periodic dead tops. In severe cases, the whole plant of osmanthus fragrans died; It likes sunshine, but it has a certain shade tolerance. Small trees need some shade, and adult trees need relatively sufficient light to ensure the normal growth of osmanthus fragrans. It is observed that one side of the crown of osmanthus fragrans clings to the wall, or when the crowns of two osmanthus fragrans plants overlap with each other, the crown close to the wall or the overlapping part will soon become sparse, which will affect the shape and beauty of the whole crown. It can be seen that osmanthus fragrans is suitable for planting in ventilated and light-transmitting places; Osmanthus fragrans likes clean and ventilated environment, is not resistant to the harm of smoke and dust, and often cannot blossom after being victimized; Afraid of waterlogging, if waterlogging damages, the root system will be black and rotten, the leaves will be scorched at the tip first, and then the whole leaves will wither and fall off, leading to the death of the whole plant; Not very cold-tolerant, but compared with other evergreen broad-leaved trees, it is still a relatively cold-tolerant tree species, which provides the possibility for potted osmanthus fragrans in the north.
(5) Diversity
After long-term planting, natural hybridization and artificial breeding, osmanthus fragrans has produced many cultivated varieties. Through further investigation and arrangement, 32 osmanthus fragrans varieties were preliminarily identified. As far as color is concerned, there are Jingui, Yin Gui and Dangui. From the leaf type, there are willow leaf laurel, golden leaf laurel, dripping yellow, sunflower leaf and firewood handle yellow; As far as the flowering period is concerned, eight laurels, four seasons of laurel and beautiful months are concerned. At present, there is no unified variety classification in China. It is customary to divide osmanthus fragrans into the following four varieties: Jingui, Yin Gui, Dangui and Sijigui. Four Osmanthus fragrans varieties groups were formed: Sijigui varieties group: shorter plants, more buds, less fragrant flowers than Yin Gui, Jingui and Dangui, with lemon yellow or light yellow flowers. There are four varieties of Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum cassia. Flowering in all seasons, there are varieties such as "Gui Yue", "Nissin Osmanthus fragrans", "Big-leaf Buddha Dingzhu" and "Four-season Osmanthus fragrans". Yin Gui Variety Group: It blooms in autumn, and its color is pure white, milky white, yellow white or light yellow. The varieties are broad-leaved seed Yin Gui, willow Yin Gui, hard leaf Yin Gui, seed Yin Gui, Jiulong Yin Gui, early Yin Gui, late Yin Gui, Baijie Yin Gui and Qingshan Yingui. Jingui Variety Group: Flowering in autumn, with lemon yellow to golden yellow flowers. The varieties are Dahua Jingui, Dayehuang, Huangchuan Jingui, Late Jingui, Round Leaf Jingui, Xianning Late Jingui, Qiugui, Bianyuan Jingui, Willow Sugui, Jinshigui, and Boye Jingui. Osmanthus fragrans variety group: it blooms in autumn, and its color is dark, orange yellow, orange yellow, orange red to vermilion. The varieties are "cinnabar Dangui", "big leaf Dangui", "small leaf Dangui" and "tooth Dangui".
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Alias: Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans and Murraya murraya.
It comes from osmanthus fragrans. Oleaceae, flowers, fruits and roots are used as medicine. Picking flowers in autumn; Picking fruits in winter; The roots are collected in four seasons and dried separately.
Sexual taste orientation
Flowers: Xin, Wen.
Fruit: pungent, sweet and warm.
Root: sweet, slightly astringent and flat.
Functional indication
Flowers: dispel cold and break knots, resolve phlegm and relieve cough. Used for toothache, cough, asthma, excessive phlegm, amenorrhea and abdominal pain.
Fruit: Warming the stomach, calming the liver and dispelling cold. Used for deficiency-cold stomachache.
Root: dispel wind and dampness, dispel cold. Used for rheumatism, muscle and bone pain, lumbago, toothache due to kidney deficiency.
Usage, dosage and cost 1 ~ 4 yuan. Fruit costs 2 ~ 4 yuan. Roots 2 ~ 3.
Note (1) There are two other varieties of osmanthus fragrans. var。 Fructus Aurantii and osmanthus fragrans. var。 Sage, both of which are also used as medicine.
Excerpted from the National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine
Occurrence and control of common leaf diseases of osmanthus fragrans
Osmanthus fragrans brown spot, Osmanthus fragrans wilt and Osmanthus fragrans anthracnose are common leaf diseases, which can lead to premature defoliation of Osmanthus fragrans, weaken plant growth potential and reduce flower yield and ornamental value.
Brown spot of osmanthus fragrans
At the initial stage of the disease, there are yellow macules on the leaves, which gradually expand into a nearly round lesion with a diameter of 2 ~ 10mm, or become irregular lesions due to the expansion of the lesion restricted by the veins. The focus is yellowish brown to grayish brown with yellow halo around it. Brown spot disease generally occurs from April to 10, and older leaves are more susceptible to disease than younger leaves. The pathogen overwinters on the diseased leaves with mycelium, and conidia are produced in the following spring for primary infection, and the conidia are spread by airflow and raindrops.
Osmanthus wilt
The pathogen of the disease mostly invades from the leaf margin and tip, and occurs at the leaf margin and tip. At the initial stage of the disease, light brown spots are produced on the leaves, which gradually expand into round or irregular lesions, and then expand into nearly round or irregular taupe spots with dark brown edges. Fusarium wilt occurred from July to 165438+ 10, which can occur all year round in the greenhouse with poor environmental conditions. Pathogens are spread and infected by conidia through wind and water. High temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation are conducive to the onset. Old leaves and leaves at the lower part of the plant are seriously ill when the plant grows weak and overwinters.
Anthracnose of osmanthus fragrans
This disease infects the leaves of osmanthus fragrans. At the early stage of the disease, small chlorosis spots appeared on the leaves, which gradually expanded to form round, semi-circular or oval lesions. The lesion is light brown to grayish white with reddish-brown ring at the edge. Under wet conditions, pink myxospore discs appear on the lesion. Anthrax occurs from April to June. Pathogenic bacteria overwinter in the diseased leaves of maple trees and spread through wind and rain.
Preventive and control measures
First of all, reduce the source of infection. Thoroughly remove diseased leaves in autumn. Potted sweet-scented osmanthus should remove the diseased leaves in time.
Secondly, strengthen cultivation management. Choose fertile and well-drained soil or substrate to plant osmanthus fragrans; Increase the application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; Planting density should be suitable for ventilation and light transmission, reduce leaf humidity and reduce diseases.
Scientific use of chemicals for prevention and control. At the initial stage of the disease, the Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed at a ratio of 1: 2: 200, and then 50% carbendazim wettable powder at a ratio of 1000 or 50% benomyl wettable powder at a ratio of 1000 to 1500 can be sprayed. Seedlings in seriously ill areas should be soaked and disinfected with 1000 times potassium permanganate solution when they leave the nursery.