white-collar
Western society is the general name of workers in enterprises who don't need to do a lot of manual labor. Also known as the white-collar class. Symmetry of blue collar. They are generally called white-collar workers because of their clean working environment, clean clothes and white-collar workers. White-collar workers are wage-earning workers in capitalist society. Including technicians, managers, clerks, salesmen, typists, stenographers, clerks, accountants, shop assistants and teachers, doctors, lawyers, ordinary staff and so on. These people have better economic income and working conditions. But even so, they are still employed because they have no means of production. With the development of science and technology, the number of white-collar workers will continue to expand. In developed capitalist countries, the total number of white-collar workers has exceeded the total number of blue-collar workers, accounting for about 60% ~ 70% of the total working class.
Ling Bai
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Staff engaged in mental work, such as managers, technicians, government civil servants, etc. These people have a good working environment and can wear white shirts to work, so they are called. Compared with "blue collar".
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White-collar workers first had this definition abroad, and then slowly China also had the concept of white-collar workers. White-collar workers are ordinary office workers. The so-called white-collar workers are mostly people who work in offices and engage in mental work. Office white-collar workers also have classes. In foreign countries or megacities, there are many large enterprises with good welfare, high income and stable positions, so white-collar workers are enviable occupations.
White-collar workers in office buildings were first known to people. Most of them are well educated and employed by their bosses because of their skills. They know how to dress appropriately and remain independent at work. Facing the impermanent world, it is more philosophical and the way to deal with problems is more practical. According to American standards, white-collar workers refer to people who earn $80,000 a year and do pure mental work. Except for a few high-tech industries, most "white-collar workers" are in a crisis of survival. The imperfect labor system makes white-collar workers unable to get the protection they deserve.
White-collar workers are divided into "traditional white-collar workers" and "new white-collar workers". They are the earliest white-collar workers in China, and the present "traditional white-collar workers" can basically be regarded as their continuation.
When employees of foreign companies have a fresh working environment and relatively high income with their fresh and unique status, in people's eyes, their characteristics are often externalized as: clean clothes, confident smiles, fast-paced pace, credit cards, VIP cards, mobile phone bags and so on. And other consumer goods: for example, the price is not frequent, the shortcomings are bad, and the shortcomings are good. ⑸ ⑸ ⑸ ⑸ ⑸ ⑸ ⑸? Crispy jiaozi, private weft arrival? Hey? ┒? Hey? What's the matter with you? Thorns? Fallen leaves? Yttrium province?
People pay attention to the eyes of traditional white-collar workers, the material aspect of appearance, and the "westernized" lifestyle of China people who were initially influenced by the West.
People's attention to the new white-collar workers has gradually been "from the outside to the inside", and the material things have faded away, more towards their maverick personality and unusual value orientation, towards their sharp way of doing things.
They choose their careers according to their personal preferences, just like making friends, and are proud of this uniqueness, and despise authority and leadership in their hearts; Tradition and stability are ridiculous "old-fashioned" concepts; Formal things always seem to be against them?
They advocate freedom, happiness and equality, and selectively accept western culture; Most of them are only children, self-centered and direct; Chasing fashion, but not taking everything ... they look more self-centered, more enjoyable and more realistic than traditional white-collar workers.
A traditional white-collar worker is like a well-dressed gentleman. They may define themselves as "elegant" or "noble". The new white-collar workers are a bit like unruly artistic youth, with avant-garde temperament and quite vivid.
Six social characteristics of white-collar workers in Shanghai
Shanghai white-collar workers have now become an independent professional class with some distinctive social characteristics. How to treat this class? What are the new features of white-collar workers in Shanghai? Our reporter has made some explorations in this regard.
Features 1. Pursuing diversity and high quality life. At present, the main class of white-collar workers is people between the ages of 25 and 40. Many people's ideas, values and outlook on life were formed after the reform and opening up. For these white-collar workers, high-paying job opportunities are as important as a high-quality lifestyle. White-collar workers like diversified life forms, constantly looking for new fashions, and expressing their pursuit of quality of life through their own clothes and housing. A website survey shows that Starbucks, real pots and Yuanyuan Garden have become the best places for Shanghai white-collar workers to discuss business and exchange after work.
Second, the high mobility of the profession. White-collar workers have good educational background and work experience, and have more choices than other social classes, which creates conditions for their own "mobility".
A survey shows that in some highly mobile industries, such as IT, advertising, consulting, etc. The proportion of young white-collar job-hopping exceeds 20%. In March this year, CIIC Shanghai Company conducted a survey on more than 5,000 employees working in foreign companies. These employees all had a resignation experience in 2003. The survey found that the proportion of individuals who voluntarily resigned was as high as 67%, while only 12% was dismissed by the company, and 1 1% was terminated naturally.
Feature 3. Strong pragmatic spirit. For white-collar workers, in real life, they are more concerned about how to get more benefits and opportunities. Compared with other parts of China, Shanghai white-collar workers are more concerned about the financial and real estate markets, such as exchange rate or stock market fluctuations. Because these changes are directly related to their own economic interests. This pragmatic value orientation runs through the life attitude of white-collar workers. Among the white-collar workers in Shanghai, there are many people who invest in real estate and buy and sell foreign exchange, government bonds and funds. In the past two years, a large number of financial media have met the needs of white-collar workers.
Feature 4: Pay attention to personal career development. A survey shows that when Shanghai white-collar workers choose a career, their career development prospects become the decisive factor, followed by salary and benefits. The first concern of white-collar job seekers is whether they can give full play to their personal advantages and abilities and whether they are conducive to their future career development. At the same time, in recent years, a number of career consulting institutions have appeared in Shanghai, which have solved the demand of white-collar workers for career development services to some extent.
Feature 5. There is a general sense of tension and anxiety. This is a prominent feature of the white-collar class. In the professional field of white-collar workers, the competition for most positions is very fierce. Today's high-paying job may become worthless tomorrow because of a new personnel change or a change in the industry. After the book "Who Moved My Cheese" was put on the shelves, it quickly spread among white-collar workers in Shanghai, and almost all employees of many large companies had one. Some white-collar workers began to seek the help of psychological counselors to ease the pressure of competition.
Feature 6. Have a sense of social responsibility. This is a new feature of the white-collar class in Shanghai. In the constant pursuit of material benefits, some white-collar workers are full of the pursuit of social responsibility. According to the person in charge of an international volunteer organization, most of its volunteers are managers and professionals of major companies in Shanghai. As volunteers, these white-collar workers help students at school through speeches, introductions and other means.
▲ White-collar workers: those who are engaged in mental work and require formal attire such as suits to go to work.
▲ White collar and petty bourgeoisie are two corresponding words. White-collar workers with high education, high income, high consumption, high work intensity, elegant speech, decent manners, rich information and wide interests are the leaders of petty bourgeoisie life, and white-collar workers lead the fashion of life with their unique elegance and comfort.
National characteristics: White-collar workers appear in the streets and alleys of the city wearing bright clothes, swaggering and indifferent, and flock to the "noble work park" from all corners of the city; The spotless leather shoes hurried out, reminding passers-by all the time: I have a lot of work to do and I am very busy; Computers, telephones and faxes are their closest working partners; Their competitors are countless, so they are always ready to accept new information and knowledge, constantly improve themselves, and at the same time reserve energy for entering the gold collar; They have a clear distinction between public and private affairs, and seldom leave work. They spend their spare time in leisure, charging, entertainment and fitness.
Other similar words
Golden collar: The golden collar class is a highly concentrated class of social elites, aged between 25 and 45, with good academic qualifications, certain work experience, business planning ability, professional skills and certain social relations resources, and the annual income is between 6.5438+0.5 million and 400,000. This class does not necessarily have the ownership of the means of production, but it has the most important technology and management rights of a company.
Generally, the golden collar class is the senior managers of foreign-funded enterprises, the Chinese representatives of foreign-funded institutions in China, the managers of large private companies and the senior leaders of state-owned enterprises.
Blue collar (blue collar is divided into sharp blue, pure blue and dark blue): refers to the working class who is engaged in manual labor and requires uniforms. Generally, blue and dark blue are engaged in manual labor, while sharp blue is an intermediate transitional class, which may change to white-collar workers. Deep blue refers to people with certain skills.
M: The concept of blue collar has not been studied carefully, but we have read some books. This concept was put forward in the United States in the 1950s, when the United States entered the information age. The social ruling class in the United States refers to people who engage in manual labor, such as production workers. For the first time, blue-collar workers are lower than white-collar workers. Therefore, according to the concept of sociology, blue-collar workers are engaged in manual labor. This time, I always heard that the times are changing, and I think this concept is also changing. Today, everyone has a different understanding. Blue-collar workers include sharp blue, plain blue and dark blue. Su Lan is engaged in manual labor, while Jian Lan is an intermediate transitional class, which may change like a white-collar worker. Deep blue refers to people with certain skills.
I think blue-collar workers should not include engineers or senior professionals. It also refers to a large number of people engaged in the front line of production in society. From a disciplinary point of view, blue-collar workers include the working class, but they still have certain technical expertise. Ruilan should be between white-collar workers and blue-collar workers. In terms of income, blue-collar workers are not necessarily lower than white-collar workers, which is reflected in many surveys in the United States. Ruilan's income is actually higher than that of ordinary white-collar workers. White-collar workers are ordinary office workers. Most of the so-called white-collar workers work in the office, and the white-collar workers working in the office are also graded.
Grey collar: it is a title for a certain kind of professional people. Compared with white-collar workers and blue-collar workers, gray-collar workers have strong theoretical knowledge and practical ability. Simply put, people who think and do.
White-collar workers are collectively referred to as urban office workers. There is no complete economic boundary and no exact income standard.