Jade with low price and beautiful color is now the technical general name of serpentine jade in China. Jade in a broad sense includes jade from xiuyan jade, Liaoning, Nanyue, Huili, Sichuan, Kunlun, Xinjiang and Huang Jing produced by the Ming Tombs in Beijing. In a narrow sense, Xiuyu refers to xiuyan jade (referred to as Xiuyu for short) produced in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province.
What are the characteristics of xiuyu?
Xiuyan jade is a collection of serpentine minerals (serpentine), which is composed of fine fibrous and foliated serpentine crystals, and is a very fine and compact block. Its colors are varied, but white and light green are common. Its hardness is 2. 5 - 4。 5; Specific gravity 2. 5 or so; Grease luster or waxy luster; Translucent to opaque, a few are transparent, similar to plexiglass.
What is the status of jade in China?
Xiuyan jade is an important raw material of jade that has been discovered for a long time in China, and it is one of the "four famous jade" in China. Because of its bright color, good processability and low price of raw materials, a large number of jade carving factories in more than 20 provinces and cities all make all kinds of jade jewelry and handicrafts with jade as raw materials. Xiuyan jade ranks first among the "Four Famous Jade" in terms of output and materials. However, because of its low hardness, jadeite is easy to be worn off in the cleaning process, which makes the original weak luster gradually dim, far less than the brightness of jadeite. So jade is a low-grade jade material. However, when making large jade carving seats and small and medium-sized ornaments, it is still a popular jade species because of its low hardness requirements.
What are the main uses of Xiuyu?
Xiuyan jade has many uses. A large number of high-quality xiuyan jade are mainly used for carving various landscape bonsai, figures, animals, tea sets, wine sets and other handicrafts. Because of its beautiful light green and soft luster, it is very popular with people, so it is very popular at home and abroad. In addition, transparent high-quality jade is also widely used to make bracelets, necklaces and beads, and various small pendants (Guanyin, Maitreya Buddha, jade ingots, etc. ) and fitness balls have a certain market among low-level consumers.
What are the varieties and producing areas of xiuyan jade in China?
There are many jadeite varieties formed by serpentine in China. According to Mr. Luan Bing, a gem expert, in his book Gems, the main jade varieties in China are 10:
(1) xiuyan jade: It is dense and massive, mainly composed of fibrous serpentine and diorite, with more than ten colors. Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province is the main producing area of xiuyan jade in China.
(2) Nanyu: referred to as "Nanyu", mainly produced in Xinyi County, Guangdong Province, so it is also called "Xinyi Jade". This is a dense large serpentine, from dark green to light green. Because of its beautiful green pattern, it is suitable for large jade carving ornaments.
(3) Jiuquan Xiuyu: referred to as "Jiuquan Jade" or "Qilian Jade", it is a dark green dense massive serpentine with black spots and irregular black lumps.
(4) Luchuanyu: referred to as "Luchuanyu" for short, it is a dense massive serpentine with black spots on the yellow-green base. Origin in Luchuan County, Guangxi.
(5) Kunlun Jade: referred to as "Kunlun Jade" for short, the jade quality is very similar to that of xiuyan jade, Liaoning. Produced in the foothills of Kunlun Mountain in Xinjiang.
(6) Huiliyu: referred to as "Huiliyu" for short, it is a dark green massive serpentine with a jasper appearance. Origin in Huili County, Sichuan Province.
(7) Xiuyu, Yunnan: It is green massive serpentine, often containing chlorite.
(8) Junan jade: referred to as "Junan jade", it is a dark green massive serpentine, which is produced in Junan County, Shandong Province.
(9) Xiuyu in Huang Jing: referred to as "Huang Jingyu" for short, it is a yellow, light yellow or lemon yellow serpentine, which is produced in Laojuntang of the Ming Tombs in Beijing.
(10) Dulan Xiuyu: It is a massive serpentine with bamboo leaf patterns, so it is also called "bamboo leaf jade", which is produced in dulan county, Qinghai Province.
Also known as pitching.
I. Legends and historical records of the brave
Animals are auspicious animals, which don't exist in this world like dragons and unicorns. In legend; He helped the Yellow Emperor defeat Chiyou. In ancient times, there were dances besides dragon and lion dances. According to the Taoist article "Asking for the Treasure", there is a god named "Wang Tianjun, who was born to treat Lingguan". In heaven, there are millions of "Gods of the Brave" who are responsible for the patrol work in the sky, similar to the picket work on the earth, flying clouds, commanding thunder, opening the eyes of rain, breaking rocks to catch goblins and collecting photos of plague. There is a record in the Biography of the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty: "There are peaches, lions and urine cows in the left state of Wugeshan." Meng Kang notes the sun: "Peach blossoms are like the tail of a deer in a day, and those with one horn are called Tianlu and those with two horns are called evil spirits." Fighting evil is fighting.
Legend has it that the brave dog is the ninth of the nine sons of Longsheng. It can fly clouds, command thunder and clear rain. According to legend, it has the power to ward off evil spirits. Nine sons of Longsheng have their own magical powers. His son is a thousand times better than his father. He has a big mouth, looks like a golden toad with scales, and a unicorn, which takes advantage of the wild animals. He has a mouth without a butt, and swallowing anything will not cause diarrhea. You can make money from all directions, but you can only go in and out, and your magical powers are extraordinary. Because he broke the dogma, the Jade Emperor punished him for only eating and not pulling. Therefore, it is based on wealth, the stomach is the pocket of wealth, and at the same time it urges official luck.
According to Professor Zhang Hemin, an expert on giant pandas, in ancient books, giant pandas are called brave and brave. In Historical Records of the Five Emperors, the Yellow Emperor, the leader of the "Five Emperors" in China, was described. His country name is "Young Bear", which not only respects bears and other wild animals, but also clearly distinguishes bears (black bears), brown bears, pandas and other wild animals.
The history books also tell a story: More than 4,000 years ago, the Yellow Emperor commanded a tribe that domesticated tigers, leopards, bears, raccoons and other beasts, and defeated Chiyou, the leader of another tribe, in Banquan (Zhuolu County, Hebei Province). Because the battle of Banquan is famous, Sima Qian, a historian in the Western Han Dynasty, recorded it. In addition to historical records, China's first book on ancient deeds, Shangshu, is also described in Pastoral Oath. More than 3,000 years ago, Zhou Wuwang's army was "as powerful as a tiger", and it was defeated by the army of the Shang Dynasty in Konoha, and even later generations used the metaphor of the brave as invincible. In Buddhism, it is also used as a mount for bodhisattvas, but it is called "listening attentively", but it is no different from it in shape.
Second, the brave and the shaping of the brave
Magic is a fierce beast. Like phoenix and unicorn, it can be divided into female and male. The male is called "magic" and the female is called "magic", but now there is no distinction between male and female. In ancient times, there were two horns, one called "Tianlu" and the other called "evil spirits". Later, there was no one horn or two horns, and most of them were in the shape of one horn. In the south, most people like to call this beast "brave", but in the north it is still called "ward off evil spirits". As for "Tianlu", few people call it such a beast, and some people call it a "monster" or "four unlike".
There are many shapes of the brave and the brave, and it is difficult to subdivide them. After the change of dynasty, the shape of the brave is relatively unified, with dragon head, horse body and horse feet, long beard under the forehead and wings on the ribs, flying fiercely, such as short wings, double horns, curly tail and mane often connected with the chest or back, prominent eyes and tusks. Up to now, the popular shape is that there is a corner on the head, the whole body has a long mane rolled up, and some tails have wings and tendrils. It has one of the biggest characteristics, this beast has no anus, only can't get in, which is like making money into treasure.
Third, the brave and the function of the brave.
Therefore, there is no doubt that geomantic omen uses magic to ward off evil spirits, ward off evil spirits and house. According to legend, the brave dog loves the taste of gold and silver treasures and often bites them back to please his master, so it is said that this is an auspicious thing. Therefore, it also has a function of making money. Magic is hot in the five elements of feng shui, which can attract a lot of money and open up the world's financial resources from now on.
Putting the brave in a proper place at home or in the workplace can achieve the effect of making a fortune. Generally speaking, people who are partial think that the "brave" will be prosperous and partial to wealth, so they will put a brave man in the company or business place. Partial industries include foreign exchange, stocks, finance, horse racing, futures and so on. It's different from Kirin. It is a fierce beast that can ward off evil spirits in the town house. In ancient times, it was also used to town tombs. It is the guardian of the mausoleum, which can be seen in the tombs of ordinary tombs, showing its bravery in killing people.
It can be placed in the auspicious position of geomantic omen, which many geographers think has the function of urging wealth. However, placing mythical animals made of jade in eight different directions will be very powerful in promoting wealth. In fact, it will be beneficial to positive wealth or partial wealth, so it has become popular in recent years; However, urging money by magic is always religion. Therefore, no matter whether the work belongs to the right or wrong line, the magic of urging money is the strongest when the mysterious diviner is rising or when the sun is on an auspicious day of the zodiac. However, it should be noted that criminals do not necessarily have the power to urge money. This is the characteristic of the spirit beast. The role of magic in geomantic omen can be explained as follows:
1, which has the function of town house to ward off evil spirits. Putting the brave and fearless animals that have been opened at home can make the home run well, strengthen auspiciousness, drive away evil spirits, have the function of a town house, become the patron saint of the home, and ensure the safety of the family.
2. It has the function of seeking wealth and prospering wealth, and is especially suitable for people with partial wealth and fluctuating income, such as sales, business, foreign exchange, stocks, finance, lottery, futures, casinos, etc. It is not only helpful for partial wealth, but also helpful for positive wealth, so businessmen who do business should also put it in the company or at home.