Naismith, a Swiss from Canada, first studied animal husbandry at McGill University, intending to become a priest, but after studying for three years, he found that it was not suitable at all. His interest was sports, but McGill University didn't have this department, so he endured graduation, and then went to Springfield College in Massachusetts, USA, and got a position as a sports coach. Because Springfield College is the training center for clergy, the students are all young and energetic boys, and naismith, who just left school, gets along well with them.
In winter in Massachusetts, it began to snow in 1 1 month, and outdoor sports had to be stopped. But the only indoor sport at that time was gymnastics, and the students were bored and listless.
One day, Dr. Gao Like, director of the physical education department of Springfield University, asked naismith: Students are so listless because they don't have proper exercise, so you should use your brains to come up with an indoor group exercise that can arouse students' interest and make everyone happy. So he remembered playing an Iraqi game called "Driving Ducks to Shelves" when he was a child. Two groups use a pebble to see who can throw the pebble into the concave hole first, and who wins. He replaced pebbles with football, which was inspired by the action of the market staff loading pears. So the pear barrels were nailed to both ends of the indoor playground, and the second floor protruded from the outer edge of the hanging corridor. Because the hanging gallery is ten feet high, I decided to nail the pear barrel at ten feet high. Then according to the rules of American football, European football and ice hockey, thirteen rules of the game are drawn up. It was invented on Christmas Eve.
Just after the Christmas holiday in physical education class, naismith divided eighteen students into two teams, each with nine people. In naismith, the initial idea was that there was no limit to the number of couples. The most important thing is that all students can participate in the activities, so each team is allowed a maximum of 40 people and a minimum of 3 people. The main rule is to throw the ball into the bucket to count two points. The defender will be grounded for the second foul until the other team scores. If the first team fouls for the third time, it will count as one point for the other team. It should be noted that in the most primitive rules, players are not allowed to dribble or bat the ball, only to pass the ball to a certain point, and then the thrower runs to catch it. At the same time, the French ball was not regulated until 1894.
Naismith divided the responsibilities and positions of players in the original game, but the names were all European football and ice hockey, such as center, left and right wingers, left and right defenders, midfielders and goalkeepers. During the game, naismith kept blowing his whistle to correct irregular movements, and at the same time kept shouting "Pass the ball!" Pass the ball, also invited two school workers, moved two ladders, and waited beside the bucket. Unfortunately, neither team scored a goal in the end, and the result of the game was 1-0. But the students are full of enthusiasm, sweating, refreshed and rejuvenated.
A few days later, students like Frank and Mahone came to naismith and said, What sport is that? Naismith at that time I don't know how to answer. Student's suggestion: How about naismith ball? Naismith said, no, no! Frank and Mahone suggested: How about basketball? Naismith immediately agreed. In the early typing 13 rule, there was only the title, and later the handwritten word "basketball" was added. The word "basketball" was not used until 192 1 year, when it was converted into the word "basketball".
1892 1 month, naismith's Thirteen Basketball Rules was officially published in Springfield School Newspaper. On March 1 1, the first official open competition was held in history. The two teams in the competition are the teachers' team and the students' team of Springfield School. There were more than 200 spectators at the scene, and the students won by five to one.
In the first twenty years, the development of basketball was very slow. For example, backboard was not invented and used until 1896, and it was not until 1929 that two referees began to enforce the law. 1904, Wheaton College, Hellem College and Mormon University held an Olympic exhibition and a foreign championship. Results Hellem College beat Wheaton College 25-20 and Mormon University 25 18 to win the championship.
There are two things that people don't know. 1936, the Olympic Games was held in Berlin, and basketball was listed as an official event. Naismith was invited to visit and award prizes, but the inventor of basketball didn't save money, so he didn't have the money to go. At that time, he was not ready to leave. Mr. Allen, who succeeded him as the coach of Kanda University, could not help but ask; What time does it leave? Naismith was embarrassed to say why. Allen was sad and surprised, and immediately asked the American Coaches Association (NABC) for help. He borrowed 5000 yuan to go to Berlin and awarded the Champions Cup to the American team that beat Canada 19-8. How does naismith feel at this time? Secondly, 1939 naismith died at home at the age of 78, leaving the installment debt to his lonely wife, which has not been solved yet.