To put it bluntly, renal failure is the gradual decline of the kidney caused by various kidney diseases, and such a decline is irreversible. When the kidney is seriously damaged and enters the end stage, it becomes uremia, which is often said in clinical medicine! Patients should take anti-rejection drugs for life in the middle and late stage, even if they have the standard and kidney source for kidney transplantation.
There are the following five manifestations, which may be the signal of uremia:
1, reduce urine output.
In the early stage of renal function decline, patients will have increased urination, especially frequent urination at night. The number of times they get up at night is 3-4 times, and the total urine output exceeds 500ml. Because the patient's renal function is damaged, the urine can't be discharged, which will lead to a continuous increase in urine volume, which is only the initial performance. With the rapid development of renal failure, glomerular and renal tubular injuries will be seriously damaged, the number of urination will decrease rapidly, the urine output will be less than 800ml all day, and even anuria will occur.
2. Anemia
In the early stage of renal function decline, it is generally impossible for patients to have symptoms of anemia, but after entering uremia, it is easy to have anemia! Although the kidney does not participate in the digestion and absorption of the body and nutrients, it can metabolize erythropoietin. Because the kidneys of uremic patients have already declined, the metabolism of erythropoietin will be reduced or even lost, so anemia will also find patients, such as weakness, pallor, dizziness and so on. , all belong to anemia.
3. Gastrointestinal symptoms
Uremic patients usually have abnormal digestion and absorption, such as nausea, retching, loss of appetite, diarrhea and so on. These are typical manifestations. This is because the kidney is the organ that metabolizes endotoxin in human body, and endotoxin will be excreted with urine. In the stage of renal failure, the conversion rate of urine will definitely decrease, and endotoxin will not be discharged smoothly, which will lead to an increase in the amount of urea solution discharged from the digestive system, and bacteria will decompose urea into ammonia, which will obviously stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa and lead to abnormal digestion and absorption.
4. Severe edema
In the early stage of renal failure, patients may have edema, such as upper eyelid edema and lower limb edema. This is because although glomerulus is damaged, renal tubular injury has excellent catabolism, so it is very easy to cause hypokalemia, and water will continue to flow to the gap of this institution to infiltrate, causing edema symptoms. Renal function is seriously damaged after uremia, which will aggravate edema and even systemic edema, ascites and pleural effusion. , and it is very likely to find patients.
5. Hypertension
When serious renal diseases occur, it will first lead to increased blood volume and hypokalemia. At the same time, the metabolism of angiotensin -2 will also increase, leading to tendon contracture and friction resistance of the whole renal artery, which will eventually lead to hypertension and diabetes. Clinical data show that nearly 60% patients will have symptoms of elevated blood pressure.
The above five symptoms are all signals of uremia growth period. For patients with diabetic nephropathy, if similar symptoms suddenly appear, comprehensive examination and treatment should be carried out according to the doctor's advice. Even healthy people should pay attention to kidney maintenance, such as drinking more water, exercising regularly and eating light food, which are all indispensable stages of kidney maintenance.