2. Normal: normal; As usual. "Dongguan Han Ji Guang Wu Ji Ji": "The king of Wu Qi was harmed again, and the emperor ate, drank and had fun as usual." In the Southern Song Dynasty, Xie Lingyun's poem "Returning to the Three Waterfalls and Looking at the Two Rivers" said: "It is difficult to find common things, but you can know the nest safely." Zhang Song's Seven Sages "The Old Story of Luoyang Squire Meeting a Million-continent Swordsman": "Ordinary people are usually sincere and not easy to believe."
3. Usually: on weekdays; Usually. Tang Li Shangyin's poem "Jiucheng Palace" says: "To the west of Yuen Long, there is a twelve-story city, usually enjoying the rainbow in summer." Wang Song Anshi's poem "Fujian Drought": "The ditch at ordinary times is abandoned today, and the next household has been empty for a long time." Tang Ming's feast "Sichouweng" poem: "There is no return date here, and white clothes will be sent to the left. As usual, I was locked in nine. "
4. Usually: Usually; All the time. Zhuge Liang of Shu Kingdom in the Three Kingdoms, "Book with Meng Huo": "If you know the news, you will only sigh to keep your ambition." On Wang Jin and Xu Ruo's Su Shinan Dialect: "If you ignore the details, you will know that the great interest has passed."
5, leisure: leisure at home; Living at home with nothing to do. Biography of Historical Records of Sima Xiangru: "When I entered the official position, I never promised to cooperate with the official and the country, saying that I was sick and secluded, and I didn't admire the official position." Song Sushi's "A Letter to the Military Ambassador of Zhenjiang to Receive the Jubilee View and Send it to Han Jiang Quezhao": "It is not expected to invite the old to live in seclusion."
6. Daily: working days; In the past "Southern Qi Shu Gao Di Ji": "Be flexible and obedient every day, and it is impossible today." Tang Hanyu's "Congratulations to the Sun": "Although it is clear through the clouds, it is no different from ordinary days." "A Dream of Red Mansions" 77th time: "We may still have some money accumulated every day, so hang it out."
7. Daily: working days; Usually. Kyoto's popular novel "Bodhisattva Man": "But he is often a virtuous monk. He never leaves the mountain gate every day, but only recites the scriptures in front of the Buddha." "Shi Jing Tongyan White Snake Yongzheng Leifeng Tower": "Xu Xuan is penniless every day, and today he has some bad money. Do you want me to ask him?"
8. Daily: working days; In the past A Dream of Red Mansions (3 1): "When I think about this sentence, I feel that I will lose my heart if I think about glory and boasting later." The Legend of Heroes of Children dates back to 18: "That teacher was the most important scholar of that year. As soon as I heard that it was a scholar, I died and got off the sedan chair outside the door. "
9. weekdays: usually; Ordinary days (different from specific days, such as holidays, etc.) "An Biography of Han Ji": "The more the general hears about it, the more suspicious he is, and the more gloomy he is on weekdays." "Biography of Song Shu Shen You": "He is arrogant on weekdays, but he is really light to Zhou Shao. When he is respectful, he is vain." Jin Dong Jieyuan's "The West Chamber" Volume I: "It's spring on weekdays and I've won countless titles." Ruan Shengji's Old Records of Yixing County, an appendix to Janice's Biography of Fufeng in Qing Dynasty, said: "There was a woman in front of the couch who said she was married, so she came to visit Xu Sheng and told him that she was very familiar with the daily affairs at home." Lin Qingjuemin's Book with Wife: "I don't believe in ghosts on weekdays."
10, leisure time: normal time. "Yuan Zhang Dian, Official Department II, Prohibition and Sudden Upgrade": "When such tyrants are idle in the village, they have nothing to fear, dominate the city, control the state affairs, and even become officials at the court. Tao is like the wings of a tiger. " Chapter 26 of the Water Margin: "My wife cried,' Xiao Xinxin went out, but how could she come back like this! I don't know evil in my spare time. The 52nd time in A Dream of Red Mansions: "In those days, there was a hero who stole jade. It's only been cold for two years, and it's often mentioned when I have time; Now there's another gold thief. "
1 1, Yanju: retreat from the DPRK; Idle. Book of Rites Zhongni Yanju: "Zhongni Yanju, Zhang Zi, Zi Gong, Yan Youshi." Zheng Xuan's note: "Leave the DPRK and go to Yanju." Historical Records Biography of Zhang Shu in Shiwan: "The descendants of the winners are on the side. Although Yan Ju will win the championship, so will Shen Shen. " Sima Zhen's Suoyin: "Yan is also at leisure." Song Sushi's "Four Bodhisattvas Pavilion": "Being the first gentleman at first, it's nothing to do with yourself, living as usual, talking and laughing sometimes." "Preface" in the early Qing Dynasty: "When the rain and snow turn to ten days in spring, Yan is more idle."
2. How to say "in daily life" in classical Chinese: 1, flat residence: weekdays; All the time.
2. Normal: normal; As usual. 3. Usually: on weekdays; Usually.
4, daily: weekdays; Usually. 5. Daily: working days; In the past
Make a sentence 1, go in peace, Nan Wang is not easy to be truly happy, what are you afraid of? How can your majesty be your minister? How can you be a cheap minister? Lu does not follow the Tao, although he does not take ten thousand points, but he does it alone and has his own will. Although he never tires of eating, how can your majesty be rich? How can I be poor? 2. Du Fu said that the fish and dragons are lonely and the autumn river is cold, so the country is peaceful and thinks about it. 3, be prepared for danger in times of peace, just bow your head, sit all day, like clay sculpture, thinking that you can't stand distractions, you are the real saint.
4. I don't know how to learn, so I am shallow and have no reason to know the world; You can't be a group, so it doesn't matter. Peaceful coexistence can't have the benefits of an orchestra and can't be bossed around by generals. Although I am familiar with the art of looking at qi, I am not proficient in the art of learning qi, and pay attention to the induction between man and nature. I have a previous judgment, partly because of skill and partly because of the prince's personal work.
6. Even in the July 7th Incident, when the Japanese declared unabashedly that they would conquer China, the western civilized world, which sang "justice and justice" in those days, was indifferent and silent.
3. Find out the fixed structure in the classical Chinese short sentence 1 that can be used in daily life.
It is the shift and compression of "what is ... what is". What is (person, thing, thing) ...?
(1) Ask a woman what she thinks and what she remembers. Ask the girl what she thinks and what she misses.
(2) Selling charcoal to make money? (Bai Juyi's Charcoal Man) Translation: What is the money for selling charcoal? 2. He Ru (1) pronoun fixed structure. Often used to ask about the behavior or the nature of things.
Can be translated as "how". (2) Fixed structure for comparison.
It can be translated as "How about ...". Synonymous structures include and if, fine if, call if and Xi if.
Fan Kuai said, "What happened today?" Fan Kuai said, "What's the situation today?" (2) Why is Wang Yi like his father? Sima Qian's Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru: What does your majesty think of (Zhao Kuo) compared with his father? 3. However, conjunctions have a fixed structure. "Ran" is a link between the preceding and the following, while "Ze" means inference.
In that case, then. (1) into trouble, also worry about retreat, but when to rejoice? (Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower) Translation: You should worry about entering the DPRK as an official, and you should also worry about retiring from the rivers and lakes. In this case, when can I be happy? However, a small solid can't be reversed, a small solid can't be reversed, and a weak solid can't be reversed.
In this case, a small country cannot resist a big country, a small country cannot resist a big country, and a weak country cannot resist a strong country. 4. It is a fixed structure whose result is (yes).
It can be translated as "therefore". Synonymous structures also include "based on this", "used", "used", "based on this" and "based on this".
(1) These are kindness, integrity, wisdom, loyalty and purity. Is based on the first emperor simply pulling away from your majesty. These people are kind and upright, and their will is loyal and pure, so the first emperor chose * * * as his majesty.
(2) the son and I don't send each other, so we know that the son hates his return. Sima Qian's "Xinlingjun steals the charm to save Zhao": I didn't see you off when you went, so I knew you would come back because you felt sorry.
5, something ... nothing ... these are two fixed structures with opposite meanings. "You" and "Wu" are verbs, and "Suo ……" is the phrase "Suo" as the object of "You" or "Wu".
Can be translated as "(people, things, things) have ..." and "(people, things, things) have no ..." (1) will be outside, the main order will not be affected, so that the country can. Sima Qian's "Xinlingjun steals symbols to save Zhao": The general is out (fighting), and the monarch's order is (not accepting) for the convenience of the country.
(2) The woman is lucky that she has nothing to take. (Sima Qian's "The Hongmen Banquet") Translation: Women are not favored without taking property.
6. One … and none … are two fixed structures with opposite meanings. They are used before predicate verbs and are equivalent to auxiliary verbs.
It can be translated into "(people, things, things)" which is useful to … and "(people, things, things)" which is useless. (1) I want to repay the prince.
Jing Ke stabbed the King of Qin: Only in this way can I have a chance to repay the Prince. (2) So don't tread, even if it is a thousand miles away; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river.
(Xunzi's "Persuasion") Translation: So if you don't accumulate small steps, you can't reach thousands of miles; Step by step, there is no way to become a river and sea. 7. Which is … and (if) is …
Compared with ..., who (which) ... When making a choice after comparison, it can be translated as "which is comparable"; In this case, it can also be used with the choice conjunction "and", which translates as "how about this"
(1) Who is Xu Hongmei and me in the north of the city? (Zou Ji satirizes Chabr, King of Qi): Who is more beautiful than Xu Gong in the north of the city? (2) for two lang boys, which is A Lang boy? (Liu Zongyuan's Biography of Children's Districts) Translation: Being a boy of two people is nothing like being a boy of one person. The meaning of ... also means the fixed structure of summative judgment. Among them, "zhi" is a structural auxiliary word to mark the preposition object; "Predict" is a verb, which means "say"; "Ye" is a modal particle expressing judgment.
It can be translated as "What you said is ...". There is a poem that says, "Others have a heart, but children want to."
-the master is also called. (Mencius' Qi Huan Jinwen Poetry) Translation: Poetry says: "Others have ideas, I can guess."
-(this) is a person like you. If "Zhi Wei" is located in a sentence and the object is after "Wei", this is another fixed structure.
It can be translated as "... called ..." and "... called ...". (2) this is called losing its true heart.
(Mencius "The Fish I Want") Translation: This is called losing shame. 9, such as ... what, if ... what, nai ... what is a fixed structure indicating how to treat or dispose of someone or something.
Among them, "Ru", "Ruo" and "Nai" are verbs with the meanings of "handling", "disposing" and "handling". "He" is a complement, used as "how" and "how"; The middle component is the object of "Ru", "Ruo" and "Nai". It can be translated into "about what" and "what to do".
(1) With your strength, you can't damage the hill of the monarch's father, such as Taihang and the prince of Wu. With your strength, you can't level the Kuifu Mountain. How about Taihang Mountain and King Wu? (2) What are the dangers? (Sima Qian's Biography of Xiang Yu) Yu Ji, Yu Ji, what should I do to you? 10, why ... why is Wei ... "Wei" is a fixed structure that expresses doubt or rhetorical question. Among them, "He" is an interrogative pronoun, which can be replaced by words such as "An", "Xi" and "Death". "One" is a verb with the meaning of "use"; Wei is an interrogative modal particle.
The former can be translated as "why (should) …" and "how …", while the latter can be translated as "where is it necessary?" And "What should we do?" (1) Since man is a knife and I am a fish, why should I resign? (Sima Qian's The Hongmen Banquet) Translation: Nowadays, people are all knives and chopping boards. We are fish, why should we sue?
4. Classical Chinese sentences often quoted in daily life Whenever ancient Chinese is mentioned, modern young people are afraid of those difficult ancient Chinese sentences and scratch their heads.
In fact, many ancient Chinese sentences are in the spoken language of our lives. Please look at the following sentences:
"I don't care if I can't be named this time!"
"You've been talking for a long time and haven't told me why!"
"I'm just talking. Look at you like that. What's the hurry? "
"This year is a good year. Niu Ge has received a lot of streams, and he is a little carried away."
"Sister, don't worry. When your son goes to high school and the course is tight, he will naturally know to study hard. "
There are many such sentences, which are very common in daily spoken English and can be understood by anyone without explanation. In fact, they all contain "ancient prose" short sentences. "Care", "Why", "Talking casually", "Get carried away" and "Naturally"
We might as well call Zhen 'er. What do you mean by "caring"? The dictionary's explanation is: care, care, and lie. What does the word "Hu" mean? What do you mean "why"? The dictionary's explanation is: it refers to the reasons and reasons why this happens. So what does "ran" mean here?
In fact, these words in classical Chinese can be seen everywhere in ancient Chinese, such as "Hu", "Ran", "Hu" and "Evil", all of which are frequently used in classical Chinese. Now it is used in spoken English, but it is just a cliche. People use them first and don't care how to explain them. Just like in life, if you use a stick to incite the West, you can use it. There is no need to learn the "leverage principle" of physics before inciting the West. The old farmer took his vegetables to the market to sell. Less vegetables are more expensive, and more vegetables are cheaper. You don't need to learn the "market rules" of economics before selling vegetables.
Another example is "drawing", "peeing", "writing" and "calculating". . . When people say these words, they immediately understand what they mean and don't care what they mean. Although these two words are the same, the first word is a verb and the second word is a noun.
Maybe in another two thousand years, today's language habits will become ancient Chinese. "Fire fighting"? What do you mean? When the fire is going out, add some fuel to save it? "Cleaning"? What do you mean? Cleaning up "hygiene" makes the house dirtier? 88? It is eighty-eight! How did it become goodbye?
I really can't expect it!
5. Did ancient people communicate in classical Chinese in their daily life? Classical Chinese: refers to the written language used as a norm in China before the May 4th Movement.
Classical Chinese: An article written in classical Chinese
Therefore, it is obvious that classical Chinese is an ancient Chinese written language different from vernacular Chinese. What is emphasized here is written language, which is only used for writing, not for oral communication.
The spoken language of the ancients is different from the classical Chinese, but it is similar to the spoken language we use today.
For example, Peacock Flying Southeast is a folk song widely sung in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, so the language in it is very close to the spoken language at that time. Please look at the first sentence: "Peacock flies southeast, falling in five miles" is relatively simple, although it is not quite the same as today's spoken language, but it is not big. This can reflect the characteristics of spoken English.
Besides, Four Great Classical Novels's other three novels, except A Dream of Red Mansions, are all created on the basis of folk stories or stories told by storytellers, and their language features also have certain oral nature, which is what we call "half writing and half writing".
After the May 4th Movement, written language and spoken language were basically the same, so we can judge that the spoken language in modern China is similar to our spoken language today from the written language today or before liberation.
Therefore, ancient people used a language similar to our spoken language in daily communication, and only used those classical Chinese when writing articles to show that they were very knowledgeable, which was different from ordinary people who had never read books.
6. "Trivia of Life" in classical Chinese is an item of Xuan Ji, Xuan Ji 1, and the old 2 Nangezi also.
There is only abbot 3 in the room, which can accommodate one person. A century-old house, dust and mud infiltration 4, Yuze bet 5; Every time I turn a case, I see 7, which is inseparable.
Further north, it won't take eight days, and it will be faint after noon. I slightly trimmed 10, and it didn't leak.
Four windows (1 1) and a wall (12) were built in front, so that when the sun is in the south (13), the sunlight will reflect and the room will start to sink (14). Orchids and bamboos were planted in the court, and the old rafters 15 also increased the odds of 16.
Borrowing books is full, 17 sighs, 18 sings, 19 sits silently and hears 20; The court (note: the Soviet version is "step") (Ji) is silent, birds peck from time to time, and people don't go. On the night of May 3rd, 2 1 year, in the middle of the month, laurel trees were mottled, the wind was moving, and Shanshan 22 was lovely.
The illustrations of Ji Xiang Xuanzhi are still there, which is both gratifying and sad. Before that, the courtyard was connected with the north and the south.
The parents are different. There are many small doors inside and outside, and the walls are often 24 instead. East dogs bark 25 times, guests feast more than 26 times, and chickens live in the hall.
At first, the imperial court was a fence, and it was always a wall at 27, and everything changed to 28. There is an old woman (Yu) in my family, and I live here.
Yi, the first maid, the second breast, Xian Yan (bǐ) caressed him very thick. The west and the back of the house are connected, and my mother used to come.
Every time Yu said, "Somewhere, my mother is here." Yu added, "Your sister is crying in my arms; Mother knocked on the door with her finger and said,' Are you cold? Do you want to eat? I replied to 29 from outside the board. "
I cried before I finished, and I cried, too. One day, in the reading room, my mother said to me, "long time no see, son." 3 1 Why are you here silently? " Instead of going, he closed 32 doors with his hand and said to himself, "My family's study has long been ineffective, but if my son succeeds, he can wait!" " After a while, he came with an elephant (hù) and said, "This is what my great-grandfather Xuande insisted on using. You will use it one day!" Looking at the ruins 33, it seems like yesterday, and people can't control the trombone.
The veranda with windows on the ridge has caught fire four times and can't be burned down. It must be protected by gods. Yu Jian lived to be 34 years old. For a long time, he could distinguish people by his feet.
Xuanfan was caught in four fires, but it didn't burn, which was almost protective. Ji Xiang said, "Shu Qing defends the Dan point, which is beneficial to the world, and then Qin Huang builds a daughter to clear Taiwan; Liu Xuande and Cao Cao fought for the world, and Zhu Gekongming started in Longzhong.
The ignorance of both sides is in a corner, and the world knows enough. The rest of the area is defeated in the house, and when the eyebrows are raised and the eyes blink, it is called a spectacle. If anyone knew about me, I'm afraid they would regard me as a frog in the well. "(People's Education Edition" China Ancient Poetry Appreciation "does not contain this passage; Shanghai Education Edition does not have this paragraph. )
[1] (The author wrote this chronicle many years later) I wrote this chronicle. In the last five years, my wife came back to my house for 36 years and went to the porch to ask Yu about ancient things, or I learned some books for 37 years. My wife, the mother-in-law, said to her little sisters, "I heard that my sister has a pavilion. What is it?" In the next six years, my wife died and the ridge of the ridge was not renovated.
In the next two years, Yujiu was bored after a long illness, which made people build the South Pavilion, and its system was slightly different from before. However, after that, I was more outside than living here.
There is a loquat tree in the yard. My wife planted 40 in her hand when she died, and now she is as graceful as a cover, 4 1. [3-4] Annotation Translation Editor's Note 1, item, Gui Youguang's small house.
Xuan: Be careful of the room. 2, old: old, original.
3. Abbot: One foot square. 4. Dust and mud infiltration (shèn) and infiltration (Lü): The soil (on the roof wall) leaks downwards.
Infiltrate, infiltrate. Leak, leak
Infiltration: slowly leak through small holes. 5. Yuze bet: It rains cats and dogs.
Get down! Get down! Yuze: Rain.
6. Cases: several cases, tables. 7. Gu: Look around.
Looking around, he. (Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi) 8. If you can't get sunshine, you can get sunshine.
9. I fainted in the afternoon: I fainted and the light was unknown. 10. Fix for (Wei) (Qi).
Repair: repair, repair, repair. 1 1, open.
12. Wall the courtyard: build a wall around the courtyard. Wall, where nouns are used as verbs, refers to building a low wall.
Wall: Build a wall. Zhou ting, go around the field.
13, when: block 14, suddenly: bright appearance. 15, column rafter (shǔn): railing.
Vertical columns are called columns and horizontal columns are called rafters. 16, gain: add luster.
Victory: Beautiful scenery. 17, Yang Yan: Yang Yan, get down.
Lift up, lift up reluctantly, and live in peace.
18, whistling song: whistling or singing. Here refers to poetry, expressing unrestrained.
Whistle, and your mouth makes a long and clear sound. 19, sitting quietly: sitting quietly alone.
Sit straight. 20. All sounds can be heard: all sounds in nature can be heard.
All sounds refer to all sounds in nature. Come on, the sound made in the cave also refers to the general sound.
2 1, the night of March 5: the night of the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. 22, Shanshan: Yu Pei's voice, through the "Shanshan", extended to a beautiful appearance.
23.(dài) paternal difference (cuàn): when uncles and uncles separated. Wait a minute.
All fathers, uncles and uncles are collectively referred to. No, cooking in different stoves means running away from home.
24, often: refers to everywhere, everywhere. And: modify relational conjunctions.
Yes: this (sample). 25. Oriental dogs bark at the west: Oriental dogs bark at the west.
It means that after separation, dogs treat people who used to live in a yard as strangers. 26. over (yú) eating (páo): over eating in the kitchen.
Yes, kitchen 27. Yes, soon. 28. Everything has changed again: everything will always be * * *.
Again, twice. 29. Answer each other: answer one by one.
Phase: a compound word with partial meaning, referring to her (my mother). 30. Bundle hair: In ancient times, boys put their hair in a bun when they were adults. 15 years old refers to childhood.
3 1, Jingri: all day. Unexpectedly, from beginning to end.
32. He (hé): Pass on' He'. Turn it off.
33. Looking at the ruins: reminiscing about the past. Vision: look ahead.
C: Look back. Expectation: Generally speaking, it means expectation and nostalgia.
34. Close the window. Close (from the inside).
You, window. 35. Almost: I'm afraid, probably, the tone of speculation.
36. Return: Marry my family. Returning, ancient women got married.
37. Use a few books: Learn to write in several cases. A few small or short tables.
Book: write. 38. Mothering: Married daughters return home.
39. System: refers to the format and appearance of the building. 40. Manual planting: Manual planting.
Hand: by hand. 4 1, graceful as a cover: tall and straight, with a canopy like an umbrella cover.
Elegant and straight. Cover, called umbrella in ancient times.
The translation of item [1] [4] is the south attic in the past. This room is only ten feet square and can only accommodate one person.
In this century-old house, the soil (on the roof wall) leaks from above, and the accumulated running water keeps flowing downwards; Every time I move the table, I look around and there is nothing to put in.