The official name of modern gymnastics is competitive gymnastics, which is a branch of gymnastics, also called gymnastics for short. This is a complex and coordinated action on the specified equipment, and it is scored according to the score of the action or the difficulty, arrangement and completion of the action.
Modern gymnastics originated in 18 and 19 centuries. At that time, Germany, Sweden and Denmark appeared in Europe, which not only promoted the further development of gymnastics, but also laid the foundation for the formation of modern gymnastics. Gymnastics was listed as an official event in the 1952 Olympic Games.
At present, there are world cup, world championship and Olympic gymnastics competitions in the world. International and domestic large-scale gymnastics competitions generally include three different and interrelated competitions, namely, team competition, individual all-around competition and individual competition. The events included in gymnastics
"Gymnastics" is a general term for all gymnastics events, not a specific name. According to the purpose and task, gymnastics can be divided into basic gymnastics and competitive gymnastics. Basic gymnastics refers to a kind of gymnastics with simple movements and techniques. Its main purpose and task is to keep fit and cultivate a good posture. Its main target is the broad masses of the people. The most common are broadcast gymnastics and fitness gymnastics to prevent and treat various occupational diseases. Literally, competitive gymnastics refers to a kind of gymnastics whose main purpose is to win in the field, get excellent results and compete for medals. This kind of gymnastics is difficult, complicated and thrilling, and it is mainly athletes who engage in this kind of gymnastics training. At present, competitive gymnastics includes competitive gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, aerobics, acrobatics and trampoline. Among them, men's competitive gymnastics events include floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars and horizontal bar, while women's events include vault, uneven bars, balance beam and floor exercise. Because competitive gymnastics has the longest history, it can be said to be the "big brother" in competitive gymnastics, so now people are usually used to calling it "competitive gymnastics". Basic situation of gymnastics competition
According to the competition rules of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), major international competitions (such as the Olympic Games and the World Gymnastics Championships) are often held separately for men and women. The men's and women's division refers to the men's and women's division, with six men's teams and one team for each event; Women also have six teams in each competition. In some small and medium-sized international competitions and domestic competitions, men and women are basically playing together. Men and women play together to facilitate the arrangement of the game. There are three men's teams and three women's teams competing at the same time in each game, which is divided into the first half and three rounds in each half. In the first half, three men's teams competed in floor exercise, pommel horse and rings, two women's teams competed in vault and uneven bars, and the other women's team had a bye. After three rounds in the first half, the second half will be held. The men's team has three events: vault, parallel bars and horizontal bar, while the women's team will compete in balance beam and floor exercise. So the vault and floor exercise will be staggered because of the first half and the second half.
Before the official start of the competition, athletes do various pre-competition exercises for 30 seconds each. Five people in each team, ***2 minutes and 30 seconds. After the start of the competition, the project referee holds high the green flag or gives the green light, which is a signal to the athletes preparing for the competition. If the athlete fails to board the equipment 30 seconds after the signal is sent, even if he abstained, he will be awarded 0 points.
Athletes should raise their right hand to the referee before boarding the equipment to show Italy. This is not only a respect for the referee, but also a reminder to the referee, Italy: I'm going to start doing the action. When an athlete completes a set of movements, he should also stand at attention to the referee and show him Italy, indicating that the movement is over. Then the judges of Group A and Group B will determine a starting score (the highest starting score is 10) according to the difficulty of athletes' completion, special arrangement and joint action, and show it to the whole audience. The referee in Group B asked to deduct points from the skill and posture of this movement within 30 seconds, and fill in the scoring table, which was sent to the referee by the electronic scoring system or the runner. Finally, the referee will show the final score of this set of actions in Italy according to the scores of the judges in Group A and Group B. If all five athletes of a team have completed the competition, a red flag or a red light will be hung on the equipment to indicate the end of the competition. If all events are hung with red flags or red lights, the announcer will inform athletes to rotate the events. Repeat this cycle until all six events are over.
In gymnastics competitions, the audience often see that athletes always carry a leather thing on their hands when making rings or horizontal bars, one end of which is worn on their fingers and the other end is tied to their wrists. This is called "palm guard". As the name implies, "palm protection" is used to protect the palm. Because athletes do all kinds of hanging, swinging, circling, turning and other actions in the rings and horizontal bars, they completely grasp the rings or barbells with their hands, and there is friction between the palms and the equipment. After a long time, the skin of the palms will be blistered or even peeled off, which will affect the training. In order to protect the palm, make the training time longer and the effect better, and avoid blistering and peeling, the "palm guard" was invented in the actual training process. However, with the passage of time and the development of gymnastics technology, the function of "palm guard" has also changed, gradually evolving from a single "protection" function to improving "grip strength", helping and promoting the development of movement difficulty, making the technical development of horizontal bar and rings leap. In particular, the technology of horizontal bar is changing with each passing day and is deeply loved by the audience. In a certain Italian sense, all this is due to the appearance and continuous development of the guard.
During the competition, the audience can see the athletes standing in front of a white cylinder, rubbing the white powder back and forth with their hands, and then boarding the equipment. What are they doing? This is an anti-slip magnesium carbonate powder, which aims to increase the friction between the palm and the musical instrument and prevent it from separating from the lever. If you don't use difficult movements such as magnesium powder, you can see the importance of carefully rubbing magnesium powder before athletes get on the equipment.
The international gymnastics scoring rules clearly stipulate that athletes should wear uniform clothes in all team competitions, and must wear vests, gymnastics pants and gymnastics shoes (or socks) in pommel horse, rings, parallel bars and horizontal bar competitions. The reason for this rule is that these four events mainly focus on upper limb movements, and wearing pants not only has little effect on athletes' movements, but also increases the aesthetic feeling of movements. Floor exercise and vault are basically full-body participation in sports, especially leg activities. In order to ensure that athletes can better play their own level and create better results in the competition, the rules stipulate that they can wear shorts or walk barefoot (to prevent slipping) in these two events. If an athlete violates these regulations, a certain score will be deducted from the team's total score or individual score.