Among ancient Shanxi poets, Bai Juyi is the most famous. He is another great poet after Li Bai and Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty, and he is also known as the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty with Li Du.
Bai Juyi, a native of Taiyuan, was born in an official family. His great-grandfather, great-grandfather and grandfather are all officials. My father is a doctor in Chaofeng, a driver in Xiangzhou and a young girl in Dali. He is a gift to the servant of the minister of punishment. Because his ancestors were officials in Henan, he lived in Henan. Bai Juyi was born on the 20th day of the first month of the seventh year in Dali, Tang Daizong (AD 772), from Dongguofu, Xinzheng County, Henan Province. Wu Zonghui Chang died in Luoyang in August in the sixth year (846) at the age of 75.
When Bai Juyi was born, Li Bai had died 10 years, and Du Fu had died for 2 years. The times need great poets, and Bai Juyi came at the right time. He came from a scholarly family and was extremely clever since he was a child. He learned to write poetry at the age of five or six, and he could distinguish rhyme at the age of nine. In addition, his family and society gave him great stimulation and supervision. He studied very hard when he was young. Later, recalling the reading situation at that time, he said, "I study at night and sometimes I study poetry." I haven't slept for a long time, so that my mouth is sour and my elbow is sore. " When I was a teenager, I once lived a life of refuge, and I knew all aspects of society. These reasons created Bai Juyi, an outstanding poet.
Shortly after Bai Juyi was born, a war broke out in Henan. Pu Town, where Li is located, is divided into more than ten states by Henan, and this kind of chaos seems to continue. Peng Cheng County magistrate promoted him to be Bai, a special bus driver in Xuzhou, and sent his son Bai Juyi south to avoid chaos. I have taken refuge from home since I was a child, and later I went to the north and south to prepare for hardship. So when he was 15 years old, he wrote a quatrain that recorded the true feelings at that time; "What do you want from your hometown? Li Yu in Wushan Bay, Chushui. Today, because you went to see your brother, I cried several lines in a book. " Later, there was the Seven Laws of Sending Brothers and Sisters, which was also well written and has been praised. The poem reads: "My fields and gardens were destroyed by the war, and my flesh and blood became the scum of the street ... * * * When you look at the bright moon, you should cry, because your heart is sick in five places." From these poems, we can see Bai Juyi's living conditions and psychological feelings at that time. The separation of his family's flesh and blood can also reflect the degree of social unrest and people's displacement at that time. Bai Juyi spent his boyhood in such an environment.
When Bai Juyi was 0/6 years old, he had written many good poems that could be handed down from generation to generation, the most famous of which was the five-character poem Farewell to the Ancient Grass. It is said that Bai Juyi came to Chang 'an for the first time to visit the old poet Gu Kuang. When Gu Kuang heard that his name was easy to live in, he joked, "Chang 'an is expensive, but it is not easy to live in it. "I read the poem" The Mountain Fire is Unfinished and the Spring Breeze is High "and praised it. It is not difficult to live in Chang 'an with such a style of writing. This poem really shows Bai Juyi's extraordinary talent.
Since arriving in Chang 'an, Gu Kuang has become famous for this. Bai Juyi sometimes lives in Chang 'an and sometimes in other places. He has been to Xuzhou, Xiangzhou, Hangzhou and other places, made friends with some poets and really started his career as a poet. At the age of 27, he took part in the provincial examination, was appreciated by Cui Yan, the secretariat of Xuanzhou, and was sent to Chang 'an for an examination the following year. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), he was 29 years old, and he was the fourth and the first scholar. 365-year-old, 438+0, won the top prize in the exam, met Yuan Zhen and others at the same time, and became friends with Yuan Zhen from then on. In the spring of the age of 32, Bai Juyi was awarded the school book lang, which was regarded as a successful career. At the age of 33, he moved from Luoyang to the State of Qin, Bu Juwei, about a hundred miles away from Chang 'an. At the age of 35, he no longer worked as a school book lang, and was later named as a county captain in Zhouzhi. The following year, Zhouzhi County Commandant was transferred to Jinshi Examiner to supplement Jixian Academy. This winter, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. Just before and after he was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin, he married his sister Yang Yuqing. In the third year of Yuanhe (808), he worshipped the left and collected the remains.
Li Jifu, the prime minister at that time, was dissatisfied with Niu Monks, Confucians and others who criticized the failure of state affairs. Bai Juyi, who was newly appointed as a scavenger, went as far as "On the Human System" and said that he was arbitrarily relegated, so he offended Li Stepfather and Li Deyu and his son, and unfortunately fell into the whirlpool of political struggle at that time. Bai Juyi was always pushed out by Li Deyu in the decades-long struggle between Niu and Li, which determined that his life's official career was not smooth. During his ear-picking, he did his duty and repeatedly dissatisfied the emperor or the powerful minister.
In April of the 6th year of Yuanhe (8 1 1), Bai Juyi settled in Wei Village due to his mother's death, and his beloved daughter Jin Luanzi also died in this year. Bai Juyi has lived in Weiwei village for more than three years, suffering from poverty and illness, and his good friend Yuan Zhen often takes out money to help him tide over the difficulties. In the winter of the ninth year of Yuanhe (8 14), he was named "Doctor Zuo Zan", but later he was hated by the Prime Minister, demanding the urgent arrest of Wu, and was demoted to the state secretariat, and later he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima by Wang Ya, the official of Chinese calligraphy. This continuous relegation is a great blow and lesson to Bai Juyi, which has greatly changed his thoughts. In order to avoid disaster and suspicion, in Jiangzhou, "no more speaking out", "the world will never speak out again", claiming to be "a person who has fallen to the end of the world" He traveled and wrote poems as his career, longing for Tao Yuanming, hoping to be a recluse poet and turn to Buddhism in an attempt to get rid of Buddhism. In short, being demoted to Jiangzhou Sima is a major turning point in Bai Juyi's life.
Bai Juyi lived in Jiangzhou for four years, then moved to Zhongzhou, and was recalled in Yuanhe fifteen years. Xianzong collapsed, and Mu Zong succeeded to the throne, and he was named the Chinese Book Scheeren. Later, he paid a visit to Dr. Shang Shu, learned the imperial edict, sent the doctor away, and transferred to Zhu Guo. Bai Juyi's spirit is heavy and exciting. In the poem, he said, "If you get water, you can get fish, and riding a crane can also be spiritual." However, due to the fierce factional disputes at that time, he was not only powerless, but also "worried all the time" and marveled at "the danger of a trap under the high position". Soon I was disappointed again. Afraid of being a victim of power again, he dared not stay in North Korea for a long time, so he asked to go abroad. In the second year of Changqing (822), he went out to be the secretariat of Hangzhou, avoiding the court that was cruelly wooed by his cronies. Since then, his thoughts have been further depressed. The poem said: "Who knows that fame and fortune are exhausted, and there is no peace." "Dare to speak slowly and be safe." Let it go, let it go, it's a little forgotten. In order to get rid of the troubles of life, Bai Juyi indulged himself with prostitutes, music, poetry and wine. He went whoring and drinking until his later years. Tibetan prostitutes began to have fun in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and were common in the Tang Dynasty, especially Bai Juyi. There are more than a dozen prostitutes whose names are known from his poems. Alcoholic, according to him, "only drunk is the hometown", "often drunk, not awake all day." Song people counted Bai Juyi's poems and said that he had "2,800 poems and 900 drinkers." So it's all escapism and self-anesthesia. He further sought spiritual support from Buddhism, sought a way of liberation, and anesthetized and comforted himself with the negative thoughts of Buddhism. Bai Juyi, who was recorded in Biography of Monks in the Great Song Dynasty, paid a visit to the monks, asked about Buddhism and discussed with them the magical use of Buddhism, mostly after leaving Hangzhou. Bai Juyi then fasted and sat in the Dojo. From then on, he became a good Buddha and often fasted for three months, that is, sitting in the Dojo at home in January, May and September. Therefore, Bai Juyi is also a representative of ancient literati who worships Buddhism and is philosophical, and many people in the past dynasties admire him. In fact, his worship of Buddha is not really to serve the Buddha, but to relieve his troubles and seek liberation. It was a passive resistance to society, a retreat, and a helpless choice under the social environment at that time. It is caused by career bumps and disappointments. After the pain, I devoted myself to releasing my family. Bai Juyi's Biography of Mr. Zuiyin in his later years expressed himself in Baiyun: "Sex is addicted to alcohol, piano and obscene language. All drinkers, piano friends and poetry friends swim with them, and after swimming, they live in their hearts and release their homes. " We can see that he likes to drink in front of the Buddha. He even doubted whether there was a Buddha. At the same time, I learned alchemy. Strictly speaking, Bai Juyi is not a true Buddhist believer. At the same time, his worship of Buddhism is also for fitness reasons. That's why he sometimes sits in the Dojo while fasting, thinking about prostitutes and drinking wine.
Although he was passive, a prostitute, an alcoholic and a Buddhist, he played an important role in caring for the sufferings of the people in Hangzhou. The most famous is to build a lake embankment in Hangzhou to store water and irrigate the fields. In memory of him, people built a dam named "Bai Causeway". In addition, they dug six wells in the city for people to drink.
In May of the 4th year of Changqing (824), his term in Hangzhou expired. Except prince Zuo bastard, Shi Dongdu. So, he lives in Luoyang Road. I have been an official for 20 years, but I can't get enough money to buy a house, so I have to pay it back with two horses. This shows that he is an honest official. In the second year, except for Suzhou secretariat, he was only in Suzhou secretariat for more than a year, and was exempted from county affairs due to illness. Liu Yuxi went to the state secretariat, and Liu returned to Luoyang with Bai. A year later, Bai Juyi was transferred to the position of assistant minister of punishments and named Jinyang Gongjun. At the age of 58, that is, in the spring of the third year of Daiwa (829), Bai Juyi said that he was ill and refused to come back. Since then, I have never returned, except for Henan Yin, seeking to avoid illness. At the age of 64, he refused to worship except in the same state, changed to a prince of Shaofu, and divided the company into the east capital. Due to negative emotions and health reasons, he doesn't want to be an official anymore. At the age of 60, his son Ali died, which was another blow to the poet. At the age of 73, he opened eight stone beaches in Longmen to facilitate boat trips. He died at the age of 75.
Judging from Bai Juyi's official career, although he is mostly an official, he is always in a state of anxiety and anger. As a poet, his achievements are remarkable, which can be said to be known to both the government and the public, even to women and children. Probably because of his wandering when he was young, he was demoted several times later, and he became an immortal poet because of his extensive experience and deep understanding of society.
Bai Juyi's poems, as I said before, have been well written since childhood. /kloc-at the age of 0/6, the sentence "wildfire spring breeze" became a famous sentence through the ages. The most famous narrative poem "Song of Eternal Sorrow" is a masterpiece of China's ancient poetry, which was written when he served as the zhouzhi county Order at the age of 35. The poem is based on the story of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei, which is circulated among the people. It is fictional and vividly written. It is vivid and touching, and is regarded by critics as a masterpiece of long poems in the Tang Dynasty, which occupies a prominent position in the history of China's poetry. In this poem, he dared to criticize Tang Xuanzong's debauchery. There are even such languages as "the emperor of China, eager to shake the beauty of an empire" and "the emperor, from then on, gave up his early hearing". The affectionate description of them is both ironic and full of pity. Speaking of the situation in Where Are You Going, the pen is quite emotional. The whole poem rises from the twists and turns of the story, full of emotion and complexity, which gives people great appeal.
At the age of 45, he wrote a long poem, Preface to Pipa, which was also highly praised by people. After he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima, he said goodbye to his friends in Jiangtou, Xunyang. At the farewell banquet on the ship, he suddenly heard the sound of playing the piano on the neighboring ship and invited him to move the ship. He was very sad. It turned out that he was an old singer who lived alone in an empty boat, and he was also infinitely sad, relying on the piano to express his bitterness. After listening to her life story, Bai Juyi was not only deeply sympathetic, but also thought of her own misfortune, which led to the feeling that "we are both unfortunate-we will meet at the end of the day." We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ",and make this long poem comparable to" everlasting regret ". In front of me, I described the living conditions and tragic life experiences of geisha, and then I wrote, "I left the capital for here a year ago, and now I am a sick exile here in Jiujiang." Finally, I said, "But who among them cried the most? , this Jiujiang officer. My blue sleeves are wet. " "Sima Qing", so it has become an allusion. This poem has many advantages in artistic techniques, with meticulous description and harmonious syllables, especially the paragraph describing the sound of pipa, which is really amazing. The most important thing is the sincerity of feelings. These two long poems are priceless treasures left by Bai Juyi to future generations.
Among Bai Juyi's other poems, satirical poems written in his early days are highly appraised and praised, especially Qin Zhongyin and New Yuefu. Bai Juyi, who has just entered the official career, reflects the sufferings of people's livelihood and cries for justice. His courage of "being ignorant of current affairs and keeping secrets" is very admirable. Qin Zhongyin has 65,438+00 songs, the first one is like a sword. The heavy wife accused the government of offering surplus grain and harming the people. "Take my silk and buy my immediate pet." "Being light and fat" describes that the dignitaries attending the banquet are full of energy and rich in food and wine. Finally, "there is a drought in the south of the Yangtze River, and people in Quzhou eat people!" Song and Dance is about the happy life of ministers who like to drink in broad daylight and sing and dance in the middle of the night. The conclusion is "I didn't know there were death row inmates who froze to death in the township prison!" " "Buy Flowers" is about rich people bidding for peony in Chang 'an, boasting of luxury. Finally, it says, "A bouquet of dark flowers is a blessing to ten families." Marriage proposal sympathizes with poor women who are difficult to marry, injured friends lament the miserable life in the bitter land, and injured houses satirize the giant Daxing Building for "a million lessons". "No Officer" mocked those greedy people who refused to retire in their eighties and nineties. "Maid Li" expressed dissatisfaction with falsely praising some people for not erecting a monument for a good official. Wuxian expressed regret that many people didn't understand traditional culture at that time. It can be seen that they are all critics, whippers and grumblers, which is a powerful exposure to the dark politics of Dezong Zhenyuan to Xian Zongyuan and their early days, hurting the ruling class. No wonder "when you smell Qin Zhongyin, those powerful and close people will look at each other and change color." Bai Juyi is also conceited about his Qin Zhongyin. He said in a poem titled "15" after compiling his collection of poems: "One" Long Hate "has a unique style, and ten" Qin Yin "are close to the sound."
"New Yuefu" and "Qin Zhongyin" are about the same period, which is another important group of poems in Bai satirical poems, with 50 poems, which are about the relationship between Gaozu's martial arts and Yuanhe. The time span is larger and the content is wider than Qin Zhongyin. Bai said his Yuefu poem in "Zhi Zhi": "I am also a disciple of the monarch, why am I depressed? You can't cry. Every article has no empty words, and every sentence should be standardized. A person's work is very dangerous to others, but a poet's words are very painful. If you don't have a high rhythm, don't complain. Pushing songs makes people sick. I hope the emperor knows. " It can be said that he wrote the declaration of New Yuefu, which is also the best interpretation of New Yuefu. Famous works, such as Selling Charcoal Weng, Du Lingcuo, Hyun Si, and Xinfeng Folding Arm Weng, are novellas of New Yuefu. Each poem has a clear and strong central idea, that is, it is stated in the preface that it is "bitter palace", "hurting farmers", "greedy for female labor", "worrying about sericulture expenses", "mourning for the cold", "abstaining from seeking immortality" and "corrupt officials" and so on. These poems have a clear distinction between love and hate. Apart from satire, there are also praises. These poems fully explain what Bai Juyi opposes and praises, and are the true expression of the author's mind. In his Preface to New Yuefu, he clearly declared that these poems were "written for the monarch, ministers, people, things and things, not for writing." It's true ",claiming that what he wrote is a real event, and it also shows the fighting spirit of a young and middle-aged poet to help the poor and help the evil. In terms of poetic style, he inherited the fine traditions of The Book of Songs, Yuefu classical poems and Du Fu's poems, and adopted the free syntax of folk songs at that time, forming his own creative style.
In a word, Bai Juyi's Qin Zhongyin and New Yuefu are the most combative works of all his poems. Together with Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa, they are the essence of Bai Juyi's poems and the most valuable parts of China's ancient poems.
Bai Juyi classified his poems into four categories. Besides satirical poems, there are leisure poems, sentimental poems and miscellaneous poems, most of which are well written. Generally speaking, early poetry is more valuable than later poetry. It is a pity that his later poems no longer have the edge of youth because of the cold world.
As a great poet and brilliant poet, Bai Juyi's creative talents are various. His poems are diverse not only in artistic form, but also in ideological content and artistic style. One of the greatest characteristics of white poetry is that the language is easy to understand, but at the same time it has undergone a lot of artistic processing. In the poetry circle, there is a story, and an old woman is also explaining white poetry. In "Tang Yin Tong Qian" written by Hu Zhenheng, a poetic theorist in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Wenqian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once saw the record of Bai Juyi's manuscript, saying that "the original work is not lost, but the first work is lost", which shows that Bai Juyi is diligent in writing and proofreading poems. The artistic level of his poems is the result of the author's efforts.
When Bai Juyi was alive, his poems spread widely and had great influence, which made him very proud. Bai Juyi said in "Nine Books with Yuan": "From Chang 'an to Jiangxi for three or four thousand miles, there are often poets in rural schools, Buddhist temples, anti-tourism and boating; At the mouth of the earth, monks, widows, virgins, there are always servants who recite poems. "Yuan Zhen also said Bai Juyi's poem," In the past twenty years, provinces, temples, posts and walls have been banned without books, and ministers, concubines and horses have no discomfort. As for those who sell Moeller Street in the market, or take it as wine and tea, it is everywhere. "A person's poetry has such a social effect in contemporary times, which is rare in ancient times. Not only that, Bai Juyi's poems gained great international reputation and numerous foreign readers at that time, and were circulated and created in Japan, Silla (now Korea), South Japan (now Vietnam) and other countries. According to historical records, at that time, Emperor Emei of Japan copied many poems of Bai Juyi and secretly recited them in his secret house. King Khitan personally translated the white poems into Khitan characters and ordered the ministers to read them aloud.
It goes without saying that Bai Juyi's poems have a great and far-reaching influence on later poems, and white poems will always be loved by people all over the world and spread through the ages.
grass
The long grass is so lush that the withered grass will thicken the color of the grass every autumn and winter.
Wildfire never completely devoured them, and the spring breeze was blowing.
Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey.
I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.
Note: The title of the poem "Tang Poems" is "Fu De Gu Cao Yuan Farewell". Fu De: The names of poems are mostly poems for the imperial examination.
According to legend, this poem was written by Bai Juyi when he was sixteen. Zhang Gu advocated leisure in Tang Dynasty, and took Bai Juyi to Chang 'an to take the exam and his poems to Gu Kuang. Gu joked with his name and said, "Migui, it's easy to live in it." After reading Bai's first poem "Grass", he said, "It's easy to live with a word" and "it's famous because of its name. Bai Juyi used the original grass as a metaphor for other feelings, with unique imagination and meaningful feelings. The phrase "wildfire" has been passed down through the ages, which not only shows the tenacious vitality of weeds, but also shows the praise for new things.
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Dreamed of the south bank
Jiangnan is good and the scenery is old;
At sunrise, the river is redder than fire, and in spring, the river is as green as blue.
How can we make people not miss Jiangnan?
Note: Familiarity (sound safety): Familiarity. This sentence is about my past familiarity with the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. Victory: than. Blue: indigo. Can you: How can you not?
With vivid metaphor and bright red and green colors, this word vividly highlights the beautiful spring scenery in Jiangnan and profoundly shows the author's nostalgia for Jiangnan. Now three or four sentences are often used to express the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the motherland.
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Speak freely (part 3)
I'll give you a solution to the problem. This method does not need tortoise shells, and yarrow can bring wealth and luck.
Try burning jade for three days. Identification materials must be kept for seven years.
In the days of the Duke of Zhou, he was afraid of gossip, and he was respectful to the throne before Wang Mang usurped the throne.
If this man died from the beginning, who would know the truth of his life?
Note: Freedom of speech: Freedom of speech means freedom. Trick: judge. Suspicious: Hesitant, as the saying goes. Angle drilling: ancient divination, drilling and burning turtle shells to judge good or bad luck by cracks. Sight (sound engineer): It's also divination. Yarrow: yarrow was used by the ancients for divination. Try the jade sentence: the author's original note: "Real jade is not hot for three days." Huainanzi Shu Zhen said that the jade in Zhongshan burned with charcoal for three days without changing color. Author's original note: "yu zhang was born seven years ago." The "righteousness" in Historical Records and Biography of Sima Xiangru says: "Danger is the sleeper of today; Chapter, divided into camphor wood also. The two trees are born to seven years, and the pillows can be separated. " These two words; It takes three days to identify the authenticity of jade; It takes seven years to distinguish sleepers from camphor trees. Duke Zhou: Ji Dan, Zhou Wuwang's brother and Wang Cheng's uncle. A king becomes a king at a young age, Duke Zhou is the regent, and others "gossip about the country", saying that Duke Zhou is the key to becoming a king. The Duke of Zhou was afraid and avoided the East. Later, when Wang discovered that the rumor was false, he welcomed the Duke of Zhou back and put down the rebellion of Guan Shu and others. Wang Mang: The word Jujun is the nephew of Emperor Han Yuan. In the process of seizing power, he often showed humility and concessions to win the hearts of the people. Later, he finally usurped the independence of Han and changed his country name to "New". "Not usurping the throne", a "corporal". Shi Xiang: If. Answer: Again.
This is a profound philosophical poem. Metaphors and historical stories are used in the poem to illustrate the way to distinguish talents from outstanding talents. Especially in the third and fourth sentences, the author cited two examples to prove that it often takes a long time to distinguish right from wrong, draw reliable conclusions, distinguish things from true and false, and comment on the merits and demerits of historical figures. The last four poems have been quoted by some novels. For example, in the fifty-sixth chapter of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the author quoted these four poems after writing a banquet for Cao Cao at Tongquetai and telling all the scribes his life wishes.
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Jandison
There are pine trees 100 feet big and 10 yards around. They were born at the bottom of the cave, cold and crude.
The mountains and rivers are sinister, and the dangers are endless.
Tian Zi Tang Ming owes Liang Mu, and there are two things I don't know.
Who is the metaphor for the creation of the sky, but it is not related to the lack of materials.
The story of Jin Zhang Xian Xian, Niu Yi cold and cheap lost Xin Gui.
Although the stories of Di Xin and Niu Yi are different,
The highest is not necessarily wise, and the lower is not necessarily stupid.
Don't you see that corals are born under the heavy seabed and elms are planted in the sky!
Note: Pine trees at the bottom of ravines: pine trees growing at the edge of ravines. Zuo Si, a poet in the Western Jin Dynasty, chanted about history: "Depression at the bottom of the valley is loose" was inscribed by the author, "I miss being cold and handsome." Han Jun: A lonely and disabled genius. Hundred feet: refers to the height of the tree. Ten sizes: it's ten sizes thick. Perimeter: the approximate unit for measuring circumference, that is, the arch thickness between two hands. Cold: lonely and cold. Humble: low. Degree. Measure. Will not be appreciated by good workers until he dies of old age. Tang Ming: The place where ancient emperors conducted political education and held ceremonies. This refers to the palace. Be short of. Beam: the pillar of strength. Y: I see. Cangshan: dark blue, referring to the sky. Intention to create: the intention to create things. But: only. Land: status. Kim, Zhang. It refers to Jinkou (Stan) and Zhang Anshi when Emperor Xuandi was proclaimed. They are both dignitaries at the same time, so they later used "gold and Zhang" to represent the nobility. Shi Lu: The rich salaries in the past dynasties show that the government has done a lot. From the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to the period of Emperor Ping of the Han Dynasty, the Jin family served in the Imperial Palace for seven generations. The descendants of Zhang Anshi successively went from Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu, to Yuan Di. More than a dozen people are middle and senior officials. Zuo Si's "Ode to History" said: "Borrowing its past, Seven Leaves are Han Minks." Yuan Xian: Zi Si, a disciple of Confucius, came from a poor family. ("Yuan Xian" means "Huang". Huangshi; A famous person in the Eastern Han Dynasty, his family was poor and his father was a doctor Niu. Cow coat: A coat made of hemp or straw to protect cattle from the cold. It also refers to the clothes of the poor. The story of diusim: the ornament in the crown. In the Han Dynasty, military attaché s such as Zhong Shi and Zhong Changshi all wore mink tails with golden cicadas. This sentence is: Niu Yi's cold and despicable, it is impossible for Bidiu Sim's story to be more noble. High and low: high refers to high status and wealth; Refers to low status and poverty. Weight: very deep. Coral: The gray skeleton on the right side secreted by a coelenterate "Coral", which is common in tropical waters, like branches, mostly red and can be used as decorations. Vivid. Unique appearance. White elm: star name. White elm is regarded as elm here. Gu Yuefu: "There is nothing unique in the sky, and the white elm plants are vivid." What the above two sentences say. Coral grows on the deep seabed and elm grows in the high sky. That is to say, elm is a kind of tree with poor material, of course, it is not comparable to coral, but it is planted in the sky, so the high one is not necessarily smart, and the low one is not necessarily stupid.
This poem takes Zuo Si's "Ode to History" as the meaning of "gloomy and scattered at the bottom of the ravine", which shows that it is unfair for the poor and capable people to be reused. The first eight sentences of the poem are about tall pine trees, which are the pillars of the country, but they are born at the bottom of the ravine and nobody asks them, so they are useless. This is a metaphor for people. The last eight sentences of the poem are written from things to people, combining historical facts and vivid metaphors, highlighting the theme that "the high one is not necessarily wise, and the low one is not necessarily stupid". These two poems are a summary of historical experience, a realistic portrayal of feudal society and full of profound philosophy. Noble people are not necessarily capable. Low people are not necessarily brainless. Therefore, "meritocracy" is an important guarantee for governing the country.
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Speak freely (I)
What does truth have to do with lies?
Only joy Zangsheng can deceive the sage, how can we know that Ning has seen through the play?
Grass fireflies are not fire, lotus dew is beads!
What's the pity and glory if you don't take firewood?
In the fifth year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (8 10), Yuan Zhen was demoted as a scholar in Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei) and wrote five poems of "Fang Yan". In the 10th year of Yuanhe (8 16), Bai Juyi was demoted as Sima of Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi), and on the way, he wrote five Yan Fang poems following Yuan Zhen's example. This is the first song. Distinguish: distinguish. Next: What, what. The meaning of these two sentences is: who can tell whether it is true or not, and what has not been like this since ancient times, but: only. Zang Sheng: Wuzhong, born in the Spring and Autumn Period, was a scout of the State of Lu. Deception: Deception and wisdom. Sage: You can say everything you know. Zi Ning: Yu Ming, Zi Wuzi, is a patriot. Solution: I understand. Play dumb: Play dumb. The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang said that Zi Ning was "wise" when the country was well governed and "stupid" when the country was not well governed. The above two sentences are: People only like Zangsheng being so cunning and clever, but they know that Zi Ning knows how to play the fool at some point. Grass firefly: firefly. The ancients mistakenly thought it was rotten grass, so they called it grass firefly. Yao: Bright light. Lotus leaf. Dew: dew. Tuan: Round. Firewood: put firewood on the altar and burn jade and carcass on it. This refers to burning wood. Zhao Cheng: A kind of luminous bead. According to Records of the Historian, Wang Wei had a treasure ball with a diameter of one inch, and put 12 in the front and back of the car. Unfortunately. Cute. Special: different, different. If you don't compare the light of firewood with the light of "sparkling" beads, how can they be different?
This is a profound philosophical poem. The first couplet says that authenticity is everywhere throughout the ages. Zhuan Xu quoted historical figures. Explanation of natural phenomena in cervical joint elevation. Finally, the method of distinguishing authenticity is illustrated by metaphor. With sharp brushstrokes and conclusive facts, the whole poem shows that it is necessary to distinguish authenticity, and it is also possible to distinguish authenticity. "The brilliance of grass is not fire, but the dew of lotus is pearl." It uses an exact metaphor to show that although something looks similar to other things, it is fake and can only be fooled for a while. These two poems can be quoted when explaining that any disguise or falsehood will eventually be seen through.
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Yang Liuzhi ci
A tree has thousands of branches in the spring breeze, as soft as gold and as soft as silk.
Always in the west corner of Fengfang, never a day, whose willow is this?
Yang Liuzhi Ci: the appellation of Tang Dynasty. This poem was written in Tang Wuzong Huichang four years (844). Tree: refers to willow. Yongfeng: Yongfeng Square is located in the southeast of Luoyang (now Luoyang City, Henan Province), the capital of the Eastern Tang Dynasty. The author lived here at that time and had a garden. All day: all day. who is it? That is to whom, to whom.
This is a poem with a willow as a metaphor, which is said to be addressed to Maiko Xiaoman. Bai Juyi once said that "willow is small and beautiful", and willow is smaller than beauty. (See Friends of Cloud Creek) The first two sentences describe Xiaoman dancing with the swing of willow branches in the spring breeze, and the color and softness of willow branches. In the last two sentences, the willow tree is neglected in the deserted garden, lamenting that Xiaoman doesn't know who will own it in the future. There is a touch of sadness and regret between the lines. The first two sentences of this poem capture the characteristics of "tenderness" and "softness" (color and dynamics) of early spring and willow branches, making the scene of early spring very charming. This poem can be quoted when praising the tender, lovely and graceful modality of willow branches in early spring.
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Overlooking the river tower at night, the scenery is fresh and strange. It was sung and played into a tune and sent to Mr. Zhang of the Ministry of Water Resources.
Sunset falls between light smoke and drizzle, the river is bright and the sea is cool.
Mayflies scatter clouds and break pavilions, while rainbows break bridges.
In addition, the water waves are surging and the storm is rippling, as if many flowers are flying, dark and bright, very beautiful; After sunset, the sky is blue, and geese fly in the air, as if writing a line on the blue sky.
Ok, take a picture of Dan Qing and give the poem to Shuicaolang.
Note: Zhang Yuanwei: refers to Zhang Ji, a former minister of water affairs. How to play: recite and ponder. Light smoke: light smoke. Sunset: Soon the sunset will shine. Octopus: Big clam. The ancients mistakenly thought that the exhalation of a mirage became a mirage, also known as a mirage. In fact, when light passes through air layers with different densities and is obviously refracted, the distant scene is displayed in the air or on the ground, which is a strange illusion. In the poem, "mirage" is scattered. Broken castles: castles in the air burst and disappeared. Broken bridge: the rainbow is like a curved bridge, and the rainbow is broken. Word for word, geese sometimes fly in a zigzag shape in the air. Danqing: Pigment used in China's ancient paintings. Taking pictures: drawing pictures. Shuicaolang: Zhang Ji.
This is a beautiful landscape poem. The author grasps the characteristics of time, place, season and scenery, looks up and down, and writes the color and dynamics of the scenery in the sunset after the rain. After reading the poem sent to him, Zhang Ji greatly appreciated the beauty of the scenery in the poem and wrote the sentence "I was surprised to find it from the poem" in Bai Juyi's poem. "The wind turned white spray one thousand pieces. The wild geese point to the blue sky line by line, turn it over line by line, write white waves and write wild geese, which makes the sky and ground scenery bright, open, fresh and vivid in late autumn and early winter, giving people endless beauty.
References:
Bai Juyi