Geologically, gold mineralization in China is multi-stage. The most important metallogenic epoch is Mesozoic (Yanshanian), followed by Proterozoic, Early Paleozoic (Caledonian) and Late Paleozoic (Hercynian), and Cenozoic (Himalayan) mineralization is also good. Archaean is also considered as an important era of gold mineralization, and there are well-developed gold resources in Archaean of China.
Great attention should be paid to Himalayan gold mineralization in China. Not only have super-large endogenetic gold deposits (such as Jinguashi gold deposit), large associated gold deposits (such as Yulong gold-copper deposit) and gold deposits related to alkaline rocks (such as Beiya gold deposit) been formed, but also large exogenous gold deposits (such as Jilin Tertiary conglomerate gold deposit) have been formed. In recent years, quite a number of gold deposits related to Himalayan gold mineralization have been discovered in western Qinling, Bayan Kara, western Yunnan and even North China.
From the perspective of shell evolution, how many tectonic stages does it have? Among them, the gold mineralization in diwa stage is the strongest, followed by geosyncline stage. The gold deposits formed in the pre-geosyncline stage were transformed by the post-tectonic development stage. The industrial enrichment of gold in the development stage of platform also has certain significance.
Second, the spatial distribution law
China gold deposits are mainly distributed in the crust of East Asia. The distribution of gold deposits in the crust of East Asia has four characteristics: ① Gold deposits in four basic structural layers (foregeosyncline, geosyncline, platform and diwa structural layer) are well developed; ② Gold deposits related to Archean greenstone are very common; ③ Gold mineralization is closely related to diwa structure-magmatic activation; ④ The metallogenic conditions of gold deposits are diverse, and there are many types of gold deposits with strong particularity. The distribution of gold deposits in the crust of Central Asia has three characteristics: ① The gold deposits in the geosyncline are widely distributed; ② In the area north of Kunlun-West Qinling Line, gold mineralization is closely related to tectonic magmatism of Paleozoic geosyncline; There are many gold mineralization related to the activation of diwa-type Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic magma in southern China. ③ Gold deposits related to marine volcanic rocks are well developed. The crust gold mineralization in South Asia is mainly related to Cenozoic diwa structure-magmatic activation. However, the gold mineralization in the crust of the East Asian continental margin is related to the Cenozoic geosyncline and diwa tectonic-magmatic activity.
On the structural zonation, gold deposits are mainly distributed in the south and north marginal metallogenic belts, such as North China Diwa, Jiaoliao Depression, Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River in Central China, Northeast Diwa Xingkai Depression, Xuefeng-Jiuling Diwa, Southeast Diwa, Altai Diwa, West Qinling Dome, and East Bayankala Diwa.
Whether it is gold metallogenic belt, gold ore field or gold mining area, their spatial position has three favorable metallogenic geological conditions: ① the development of gold source bed; ② Multi-stage and multi-type magmatic activity: ③ Complex multi-stage, multi-direction and multi-stress structure changes strongly.
For the specific spatial distribution characteristics of gold deposits, see "China geotectonics and distribution of rock gold deposits" above.