Yuan Haowen of Happy Chunlan Spring Banquet
The fragrance of plum, jade and ytterbium is still there, and Liu's eyes are still open. The east wind is full of buildings, peaches and apricots are all torn, so it is appropriate to sing "Spring is bursting".
[Notes]
Ytterbium: Jade-like cheeks, here refers to plum petals. Ytterbium, dimples on the cheeks.
The eyes of a willow with a broken golden bud are not open: broken, that is, the bud has just come out, the golden bud is a bright yellow treetop, and the eyes have not been opened, that is, the willow leaves have not grown out, just like sleeping.
Disassemble peaches and apricots: disassemble and split. It means that the buds of peach and apricot have just cracked. Disassembling, it turned out to be folded, and it was wrong.
Although the plum blossom is broken, its white petals are fragrant. Willow has sprouted, and the tip of willow is bright yellow, but Liu Yeer has not yet grown. The spring breeze is so warm that it blows all over the balcony. The buds of peaches and apricots have just cracked. This kind of situation should be sung with "Spring is bursting".
Tao Hong actress, born 1969 Wang Yun Jr.
Lingcairen's words are separated by autumn smoke, and the waves are as quiet as horizontal practice. At first, the scenery did not leave. * * * Stay, draw a boat and smile at the spring breeze. Jiangshan believes in beauty, not my land, when is the year of return?
[Author] Wang Yun (1227- 1304) was born in Qiu Jian, Huiji, Weizhou (now Jixian, Henan). During Dade's years, he was a scholar in Hanlin and knew how to patent. He is good at writing poems and lyrics. He wrote.
[Writing Background] Little Peach Blossom, also known as Pinghu Qu, is a nostalgic song written by the author in the autumn of his life.
[Notes]
Horizontal practice: white silk is spread horizontally. Used to describe the calmness and clarity of the lake.
Start with the scenery: the scenery that catches your eye. Start with it and get it.
Through the autumn fog came the noise of the girl picking ling, and the autumn river was as quiet as white silk. Don't let the scenery in front of you pass away. Let's enjoy the lingering together and draw a beautiful smile on the boat. Jiangshan is really beautiful, but it is not my hometown after all. When shall I go back?
Ni Zan's Full Moon
Sad about Mo Wen's past, I returned to Yuewangtai. Where the partridge is singing, the east wind is blue and the flowers are blooming.
Lonely and lonely, Qingshan is the old country, and the trees are covered with moss. At this time, the bright moon, Yi Yi Su Ying, where did it come from?
[Author] Ni Zan (1301-kloc-0/374), a native of Wuxi (now Jiangsu), abandoned the five lakes in the early Yuan Dynasty and wrote The Complete Works of Qing Pavilion.
[Writing background] The author lived in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. As a adherent of the Yuan Dynasty, he can never forget the tragic history of the Yuan soldiers going south and the demise of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, he never worked as an official under the Yuan regime and lived in seclusion in the mountains. In his later years, he often recalled the past, cherished the motherland and expressed his worries. This song was written by the author when he re-entered Shaoxing Yuewangtai, including "Crossing Land" in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. It was also the political and economic center of the Southern Song Dynasty. People who come here are particularly likely to arouse the pain of national subjugation and the desire to restore rivers and mountains. Today, the author revisited the important place of the former dynasty and boarded the Yuewangtai of Gou Jian's revenge, and his mood could not be suppressed.
[Notes]
Former dynasty: This refers to the Song Dynasty.
Yuewangtai: Built by Gou Jian, the King of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period, it was stationed in the army.
Su Yong: Bright silver moonlight.
Don't ask about the sad past of the previous dynasty. I boarded the Yuewangtai again. Partridges wail, the east wind blows grass, and flowers bloom in the sunset.
I am crying alone in the sky, the mountains are still green, the old country is gone, and the trees are covered with moss, so sad. The bright moon on my head, soft and bright, still shines on the last round, but where did it come from?
Three Song Ci Poems:
Li Qingzhao-Zuihuayun
Fog filled the clouds, and the days were spent in sorrow. Kapoor was among the birds in the incense burner.
The festival is also a double ninth festival, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is half cold at night.
Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves.
Don't say clear autumn is not a person, the west wind rolls the flag and beads curtain, and the person in the curtain is thinner than that Huang Ju.
author
Li Qingzhao (1084-? ),No. Yi 'an Jushi, was born in Jinan (now Shandong). Young and talented, 18-year-old philosopher Zhao Mingcheng has deep feelings for his wife. After crossing the south, Zhao Mingcheng died, and she drifted from place to place in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi, and spent her old age in loneliness. She is good at poetry, especially in Song Dynasty. In the early stage, I wrote about love and homesickness, and in the later stage, my style changed suddenly. She is good at giving orders slowly and creatively every time, and expresses her unique and true feelings in refined spoken English, forming the "Yi 'an style" praised by Xin Qiji. There is "Yu Shu Ci"
To annotate ...
(1) The tune of this word was first seen in Maopang Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty, including sentences such as "People are in under the greenwood tree" and "Advise the monarch to answer the guest's cup". According to its meaning, it is regarded as the name of a tune. Double tone, 52 words, rhyming.
② Yongri: A long day.
3 Rui nao: namely borneol, the name of spice. Golden beast: bronze incense burner in animal shape.
④ Jade pillow: the laudatory name of porcelain pillow. Yarn chef: yarn account, called blue yarn account.
⑤ Dongli: Tao Yuanming's poem "Drinking": "Picking chrysanthemums under Dongli, leisurely seeing Nanshan". After that, the east column refers to the chrysanthemum viewing place.
6 fragrance: the fragrance is fragrant. This refers to the fragrance of chrysanthemum.
⑦ Curtain rolling west wind: the inverse of "West wind rolling curtain door". 8 yellow flowers: refers to chrysanthemums.
judge
Li Qingzhao gave this poem to her husband Zhao Mingcheng. Yuan Yi Shizhen's "nirvana in fire (Zuo Ying's side)" quoted Biography: "Yi 'an wrote a book with Chongyang's" Drunken Flowers ". I really admire you, and I'm ashamed. I want to win. Those who thank the guests and forget to eat and sleep for three days and nights will get 50 yuan. Miscellaneous and easy to make, to show my friend Lu Defu. Dave played it over and over again and said, "There are only three wonderful sentences". Ming Cheng scoffed, and replied,' Mo Tao's soul lingers, and the curtain rolls in the west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers'. Politics (positive) is easy to handle. " This anecdote shows that the three sentences of this word are very popular, and Li Qingzhao's evaluation of Liu Yong's "Words under the Dust" is self-reflection. These three sentences blow the curtain with the west wind, revealing a young woman's face that is haggard than yellow flowers, vividly expressing the suffering of lovesickness. Its meaning is actually the same as that in Liu Yong's words, "clothes are getting wider and wider, but people are haggard for Iraq." But at the time of expression, the picture is absolutely floating, and I chose chrysanthemums that are not rich and sweet to compare myself. This is not only a shot at the moment, but also a foil to the author's different high-standard charm, and there is no suspicion of "words under the dust". The whole poem is good at implication, among which the three sentences of "don't forget the soul" are of course the most exquisite, but other sentences are also worth pondering: "Fog is thick and clouds are sad forever", while "eternal day" is mostly used to describe summer, and now it is the late autumn season with short days and long nights. It can be seen that "Eternal Day" is a psychological illusion of time, and the author points out her feeling of living alone in an empty boudoir. The Beast of Renau Xiao Jin, sitting by a copper incense burner and watching the spices in the incense burner melt bit by bit, doesn't it show the author's loneliness and boredom? "It's cold in the middle of the night" obviously implies that she is tossing and turning, and it is difficult to sleep. "There is a faint fragrance in the sleeve", which not only dyes elegance, but also implies that "the sound and fragrance are full of sleeves, and the road is long and its Xiu Yuan is Xi" ("Ancient Poetry" has a strange tree). All this has endless details to enjoy.
Enjoy 1
This word was written by the author after marriage, expressing the feelings of missing her husband on the Double Ninth Festival. Legend has it that after Qingzhao gave this word to Zhao Mingcheng, it provoked Ming to be sincere and live up to expectations, so he didn't see it for three nights and wrote a few words, but he didn't beat Qingzhao's first poem "Drunken Flowers".
Fog clouds will make you sad forever. From morning till night, the sky is a "fog cloud". This gloomy weather is the most depressing. The weather outside is bad, so we have to stay indoors. The sentence "The Beast of Rui Nao Xiao Jin" is translated into an indoor scene: She is so bored to watch Rui Nao Xiang smoking in the incense burner alone! It's the Double Ninth Festival again, and the weather suddenly turns cold. I slept until midnight, and the coolness reflected on my pillow. Compared with the warmth of the boudoir when the couple are reunited, it is really a world of difference. In the last film, there are only a few sentences describing a young woman's anxiety in the boudoir. She went outside, and the weather was terrible; Staying indoors is boring; It is difficult during the day, and it is even more difficult at night; I can't sit still and sleep well. It's really hard to rest. The phrase "Double Ninth Festival" has a profound meaning. The ancients attached great importance to the Double Ninth Festival. On this day, friends and relatives get together to climb mountains, enjoy dogwood and drink chrysanthemum wine. After Li Qingzhao wrote about the loneliness of "Renao Xiao Jin Beast", she immediately added "Double Ninth Festival", which obviously implied that her husband was not around when the festival was beautiful. "Cornus officinalis is missing one person", how can she not "miss her loved ones twice on holidays"! The word "you" in Double Ninth Festival has a strong emotional color, which prominently expresses her sadness. Followed by two sentences: "Jade pillow gauze kitchen, it's cold in the middle of the night." How do you feel when your husband is not at home, sleeping alone on the jade pillow and sleeping alone on the bedstead? "It's cool in the middle of the night" is not only that the season turns cold, but it has a bleak taste.
The next movie is about chrysanthemum viewing and drinking on the Double Ninth Festival. Watching chrysanthemums with wine was originally a major program of the Double Ninth Festival. Probably for the occasion, Li Qingzhao sat in the house all day, and it was not until the evening that she forced herself to "drink in Dongli". However, this did not alleviate the sadness, but set off a bigger emotional wave in her heart. Chongyang is the Chrysanthemum Festival, and chrysanthemums bloom beautifully. While drinking, she enjoyed the chrysanthemums and dyed them with flowers. However, she can't help feeling hurt. No matter how beautiful and fragrant chrysanthemums are, they can't be given to relatives in different places. The phrase "There is a faint fragrance filling the sleeves" uses the meaning of the phrase "The sleeves are full of incense, and the road is long and Xiu Yuan is Xi" in nineteen ancient poems, secretly writing down her thoughts about her husband. She couldn't help it, and she didn't want to drink and enjoy the chrysanthemums, so she hurried back to the boudoir. "Don't forget the soul" means that the wind is getting late, and the west wind blows up the curtains, which makes people feel a chill. Reminiscent of the chrysanthemum that just put wine on the opposite side, the petals of chrysanthemum are slender and the branches of chrysanthemum are thin. While fighting against the wind in Ao Shuang, people feel sad, sad and helpless. People are not as good as chrysanthemums at this time. Taking "people are thinner than yellow flowers" as the conclusion, there are many examples and rich connotations.
From the weather to the golden beast, from the jade pillow gauze kitchen to the chrysanthemum outside the curtain, the poet treats all this with her sad mood, and all of them are painted with a layer of sad feelings.
Flowers and trees are thinner than people, and there are many similar sentences in poems. This is because it is these three sentences, "Immortality, curtain rolling west wind, people are thinner than yellow flowers", which created the lonely realm of late autumn. "The Immortality of Mo Tao" is a metaphor for "Dongli 89" and "people imitate yellow flowers", which is combined with the overall image of the poem. The sentence "curtain rolls west wind" directly exaggerates the environmental atmosphere for the sentence "people are thinner than yellow flowers", which makes people imagine a picture: the beautiful women in the Double Ninth Festival are alone in the fine chrysanthemums in the west wind. With the contrast of seasons and environmental atmosphere, "people are thinner than yellow flowers" has a deeper sustenance, and this sentence can also become a beautiful sentence that has been passed down through the ages.
Appreciate II
According to legend, there is a story in Li Qingzhao's "Chongyang Drunken Flower Yin": "Yi 'an shows sincerity with Chongyang Drunken Flower Yin. I really admire you, and I'm ashamed to catch you. I want to win. I thank all the guests. Those who didn't eat or sleep for three days and nights got 50 yuan, which is the symbol of my friend Lu Defu. Dave played it over and over again and said, "There are only three wonderful sentences". Ming Cheng scoffed and replied,' Don't let go of the soul, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. Easy to make also "(see" Yuan Yi poetry? Heaven's library "). This story is not necessarily true, but the most wonderful thing about this word is the last three sentences.
Now let's look at the whole song. The beginning of this word describes a series of beautiful scenery and beautiful environment. "Mist and thick clouds" is a metaphor for cigarettes coming out of incense burners. However, the ethereal fragrance makes people worry and feel that the day is so long. Someone here pointed out that although she was in a comfortable environment, she still had sadness in her heart. The sentence "Double Ninth Festival" points out that time is a cool autumn night. The "gauze kitchen" is an exquisite indoor device, with blue gauze or paintings pasted on the hollow wooden partition. In the first two sentences of the next film, Chongyang enjoys wine and chrysanthemums. "Dongli" uses the poem of Tao Yuanming's "Picking chrysanthemums under the Dongli". "People are thinner than yellow flowers" refers to chrysanthemums. "Book of Rites" monthly order: "There are yellow flowers in the house". "There is a faint fragrance all over the sleeves" also refers to chrysanthemums. From the beginning to this, it was written that the environment was good and the times were good: there were golden beasts burning incense, a "jade pillow gauze kitchen" and a bouquet of wine and flowers. This is a good environment for the couple to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival. However, now that husband and wife are separated, the beauty of this festival has caused people's sadness. Don't hate it. The first poem is only about the melancholy mood in a beautiful environment, highlighting the description of these beautiful scenery, with the aim of strengthening the description of her sadness.
The last three sentences "people are thinner than yellow flowers" are epigrams. The word "thin" is also an eye word. The eyes of words are still human eyes, which is the place where the spirit of the whole word is concentrated.
In poetry, as an epigram, it is generally not easy to take it out. The sentence "people are thinner than yellow flowers" can leave a deep impression on people because it uses metaphors to describe vivid characters and the sentences are arranged properly, which is also one of the reasons. Before this sentence, she first used the phrase "don't die" to lower her voice, and then added a dynamic sentence "the window curtain rolls west wind". Then she took out the epigram that "people are thinner than yellow flowers". The characters didn't appear until the end. This epigram is not isolated, the three sentences are linked together, and the first two sentences revolve around the last sentence, playing the role of green leaves and red flowers. After careful arrangement by the author, it is very vivid, just like a close-up in a movie. There is a word "thin" at the end of this word, which comes down to the affection of the whole word. All kinds of scenery descriptions above are to express this spirit, so it can really be called "the eye of the word". In terms of refining characters, Li Qingzhao has another phrase "green and fat, red and thin" in Dream, which is widely read. Here, she said that "people are thinner than yellow flowers", which has never been said before, has its outstanding creativity.
Su Shi-"Queqiao Fairy, Sending Chen Lingju on Tanabata"
content
Fairy Goushan is a high-spirited girl, unlearned and ignorant.
The moonlight in the moon stopped blowing and waved goodbye to the world and became a fairy.
It is said that the Yellow River bamboo raft can go directly to the Milky Way, and there is wind, sea and rain along the way.
It's fate to meet and get drunk today, but who knows where to go after that?
Appreciate:
The original intention of this poem is to bid farewell to good friend Chen Lingju.
The whole poem is different from the old tune. It is not about men and women leaving hate, but about friends' affection, which has a unique flavor.
The first film of this word is also closely related to Chinese Valentine's Day, using the story of Wang Ziqiao's Gone with the Wind. According to Liu Xiang's Biography of Immortals, the prince was in contact with blowing sheng and good people, and was connected to Songshan by Taoist priests. More than 30 years later, he met Bai Liang on the mountain and said to him, "Tell my family to wait for me at the top of the ditch on July 7." At that time, you took the white crane to the top of the mountain, but you couldn't get it. Raise your hand to thank others and walk for a few days.
In the first part, Su Shi's words use this fairy tale to praise an elegant and open-minded mind that is beyond worldly customs and is not bound by tenderness, so as to relieve friends' thoughts and pains. The first three sentences, I praise Wang Ziqiao's immortal heart, far away, not like the cowherd and the weaver girl, trapped in love. One yang, one suppression, being immune, turned into a conviction. Lushan, Yanshi County, Henan Province. Shanxian refers to Wang Ziqiao, because he went to Shanxian, so the cloud. The two sentences of "Feng Xiao" come from the sentence of "don't learn". When the cow and the girl crossed the river, they fell in love and could not give up. The fairy blew a flute under the moon, raised her hand to say goodbye to her family and drifted away. The former becomes immortal, while the latter becomes immortal, with opposite tendencies, so it is known as "being ignorant and stupid".
In the next part, I wrote about the aggregation and separation of myself and my friends, as if the frontier had been set and things were inevitable. According to Dongpo's Record of Traveling to Songjiang (Dongpo Volume I), "I moved from Hangzhou to Gaomi in the same boat as Yang, and both Chen Lingju and Chen Lingju crossed to the lake, so I went to Songjiang with Liu Xiao and Shu Tong. Come out in the middle of the night and put wine on the rainbow pavilion. " Su Shi was transferred from Hangzhou to Mizhou in September of the seventh year of Xining, and visited Huzhou with Yang who was also recalled to Bianjing. Chen Lingju and Zhang Ziye walked together and met Liu Xiaoshu in the blue room of Huzhou House, which was called "Six Guests Meeting". Zhang Ziye made a "storm order", that is, "six-guest talk", and went boating together after the meeting. However, the author does not directly describe this experience, but still compares it with the story related to Tianhe Niunv. There is a story in Zhang Hua's Natural History: Tianhe is connected with the sea, and there are regular rafts every year. When a person is pregnant with adventure miracles at the seaside, he will take more dry food and float there on a raft. After more than ten days, I went to a castle, met Weaver Girl and Cowherd, and asked Cowherd where this was. Penny told him to ask Yan Shu Junping when he got back.
Later, if someone returns it, they will ask Yan Junping. Junping reported that a guest star made a cowshed one day, and calculated the date, which was the time when the passengers arrived in Tianhe. The poet borrowed this beautiful fairy tale, and several friends broke through the clear silver waves and went boating. "Chacha", that is, the bamboo raft: "Chuck", pun: refers to the "floating Chacha" in Tianhe, which is a metaphor for the passenger ship they took. "It's still windy and rainy" is in line with the saying that "floating" leads to the sea. A few words fell on the farewell. "Seeing each other and getting drunk late is the leading edge", and writing that six guests meet: "Where will the wind and rain go?" , "wind and rain" inherits "wind and rain" and writes the parting road of friends. "Getting drunk is the leading edge", which means comfort: "Where are you going", full of emotion.
This word not only gets rid of the old routine of children's eroticism to express farewell to friendship, but also closely follows Chinese Valentine's Day in things, replacing the lingering wind with an elegant and ultra-wide style, which deeply feels the luxury of the poet and transcends the dust.
Xin Qiji-Jade Case
content
Thousands of trees bloom at night in the East.
Blowing down, the stars are like rain.
BMW carved cars are full of incense.
Phoenix flute moves, jade pot turns, fish dragon dances all night.
Moths, snow, willows, gold thread, laughter and incense are all gone.
Looking for him in the crowd, suddenly looking back, the man was there, dimly lit.
Appreciate:
There are countless words written by ancient poets about Yuanxiao, but this one by Xin Qiji is not considered dispensable, so it can also be called a hero. However, in fact, there is nothing unique about uptown except rendering a lively grand occasion. The author writes the wahoo tree as a fixed lantern and the "star rain" as a flowing fireworks. If so, it would be nice to imagine that the east wind has blown off the silver flowers of the Lantern Festival before urging the flowers to bloom. It not only blew away the snuff on the ground, but also blew off colorful stars from the sky like rain-fireworks first rushed into the sky and then fell from the air like a meteor shower. Then write "Jade Pot", a fairyland where horses and chariots, drums, lights and the moon meet, and then write a hundred plays of "Shehuo" with folk artists singing and dancing, which is very lively and dizzying. In the meantime, all kinds of kind words such as "treasure", "carving", "phoenix" and "jade" are just to give a vivid description of the atmosphere of Yuan snack, which is probably beyond the reach of pen and ink. Fortunately, there are these kind words, just to help.
Uptown, writing about people. From the beginning, the author wrote: These girls are all shrouded in fog and clouds, and their bodies are covered with moths and snow willows unique to the Lantern Festival. These girls dressed up are talking and laughing as they walk. After they left, only the smell of clothes was still floating in the dark. These beautiful women are not concerned by the author's original intention, but just looking for one among thousands of people-but they are always hard to find and hopeless. ..... Suddenly, my eyes lit up and I could see clearly beside the corner lamp. It's her! It's her! Yes, she used to be in this cold place, but she hasn't come back yet. She seems to be waiting! The moment I found that person, it was the condensation and sublimation of the spirit of life, and it was an inexplicable gratitude to the inscription and seal. Poets have the ability to turn it into pen marks and ink shadows and never die! After reading the last scene, I suddenly realized that lanterns, the moon, fireworks, sheng di, ballroom dancing, interwoven yuan jubilation and dazzling groups of beautiful women in the afternoon were originally designed for that one person. Moreover, without this person, what is the significance and interest of all this!
The word can't be said, but it has become a snake, destroying the beautiful realm of happiness and bitterness in priceless life. However, the snake has been drawn, but it should be added that scholars should not forget to pay attention to the fact that the word "one night" has appeared at the end of the essay. Why? Gai has explained how much time he spent looking for him, so when he came out, the lights were dim, and he echoed back and forth, with fine pen and ink and bitter heart. Alas, critics all over the world often call Jia Xuan "bold" and "bold", as if he were a clown and a strong man. Isn't that delaying scholars?
Wang Jing 'an once quoted this word in "The Thorn on Earth", thinking that those who achieve great things must go through three realms, and Jiaxuan's realm is the third and highest realm. This special metaphor has nothing to do with literary appreciation. Mr. Wang has made it very clear that we have no problem here.
From the tone of words, the jade case is unique. Originally, it was disyllabic, and the upper and lower parts were the same, but the second sentence in the upper part became a broken sentence, full of ups and downs. There is no such thing as breaking the stack. There are three quatrains in seven words, which can be arranged and changed according to the poet's mind, but the trend of sentence arrangement is the same. The warning sentence can't be forced out until the parallelism is over.
Three foreign poems:
Pushkin's "To Kern"
I remember that wonderful moment:
You showed up right in front of my eyes,
Like a flash in the pan,
Like the embodiment of pure beauty.
Desperate sadness tormented me,
I'm very upset because I'm so busy.
A gentle voice always rings in my ear,
Charming figures always haunt my dreams.
The years passed. Waves of vague impulses
Like a storm blowing away the illusions of the past,
I forgot your gentle voice,
I forgot your fairy face, too.
In the desolate countryside, in the darkness of imprisonment,
My time is quietly extending,
There is no god to worship, no inspiration,
No tears, no life, no love.
My heart finally woke up again,
You appeared in front of my eyes again,
Like a flash in the pan,
Like the embodiment of pure beauty
The heart sprouts in ecstasy,
Everything is born for it:
With a respected god and inspiration,
There are tears, life and love.
My love is not a nightingale.
My love is not a nightingale,
Wake up on the phone in the morning,
In this land that is prosperous because of the kiss of the sun,
It sang a wonderful song.
My love is not a lovely garden,
White pigeons are floating on the quiet lake.
Towards the moonlight reflected in the water,
Its white neck is nodding.
My love is not a happy home,
Like a garden, full of peace,
Have happiness, live like a mother,
Gave birth to a fairy: beautiful joy.
My love is a desolate forest;
Among them, jealousy, like robbers,
It holds a sword in its hand: despair,
Every stab wound is a cruel death.
Lament Shelley England
Oh, world! Oh, it's time! Oh, life!
I went to your last floor,
I can't help shivering for the place where I once stood;
When will you shine again?
Oh, never again-never again!
From the arms of day and night
A joy flew to the sky;
Early spring, midsummer and severe winter give me a heart.
Full of sadness, but happy,
Oh, never again-never again!
182 1 year
Translated by Cha Liang Zheng.
Brief introduction of foreign celebrities:
Napoléon Bonaparte (1August 769 15- 182 1 May 5, 2008), France's first * * and the country's first ruling (1799- 1804), France's first
Place of birth: Corsica
Height: 5ft 7 =170cm.
Nationality: France